Nucleosídeos

6-Dimethylamino-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (6-DMAP) is an analog of adenine that has been shown to have anticancer activity in human serum and tissue culture. 6-DMAP can inhibit the synthesis of ATP, leading to cell death by significantly inhibiting cellular processes such as glycolysis and DNA replication. 6-DMAP also has a significant cytotoxicity on various types of cancer cells and plant tissues. The mechanism of action for the anticancer activity of 6-DMAP is not yet known, but it may be due to its ability to interfere with purine metabolism or its ability to form covalent bonds with DNA.

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form, most commonly known as NADH, is a cofactor involved in the electron transport chain, in the metabolism of amino acids and many other cellular processes such as the synthesis of ATP. It is also a substrate for glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The reduced form of NADH can be used as an indicator for glutathione peroxidase activity. In addition, it has been shown to have antioxidant properties by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This product has been used in formulations of synthetic drugs for the treatment of women with long-term effects of menopause, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. It has also been used in the production of alginate gel, which can be used to create scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. More recently, in bioorganic chemistry, NADH has been used as a source of hydride species for reduction reactions.

5-azidomethyl-2-deoxyuridine (AmdU) is a nucleoside that contains an azide group. The structure of the nucleoside is similar to thymidine, and it is incorporated into nascent DNA by cellular polymerases, similarly to EdU (NE08701). Unlike EdU that needs to be further modified with azides in the presence of copper catalyst, AmdU can also react in the absence of copper catalyst using spAAC Click Chemistry with strained cycloalkynes, such as cyclooctynes. This enables detection of nascent DNA in benign, copper free conditions.

7-Deazaadenosine is a synthetic nucleoside that is used as an antiviral and antitumor agent. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 7-Deazaadenosine also has antiviral activity, inhibiting viral DNA synthesis by interfering with the enzyme DNA polymerase. 7-Deazaadenosine has been shown to be more potent than other deoxyribonucleosides against various HIV strains, including HIV-1 group M and HIV-1 group O. This drug was originally developed for use as a chemotherapeutic agent but has since been used as a research reagent for studying the mechanism of action of various drugs on DNA.

6-Thioinosine 5'-monophosphate (6TIMP) is a hydrogen bond donor that possesses inhibitory properties against protein synthesis. It has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. 6TIMP is also able to inhibit the bcr-abl kinase, which is implicated in the development of renal cell cancer. 6TIMP can be administered intravenously or orally and penetrates tissues well. The rate at which it enters cells is dependent on the transport rate, which is determined by its acidity. 6TIMP has been shown to cause DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and cell death in carcinoma cell lines. The mechanism of action appears to involve inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, acid formation, and DNA damage.