Nucleosídeos

8-Aza-2'-deoxyadenosine is an anion that is cytotoxic to cells and can be activated to form a phosphate ester. It has been shown to have a higher cytotoxicity than adenosine in cell cultures, but is less effective in animal studies. 8-Aza-2'-deoxyadenosine has been shown to have a significant toxicity in rats and mice when administered at doses greater than 500 mg/kg body weight. The activation of 8-aza-2'-deoxyadenosine into the phosphate ester can be stereoselective. This activation has also been shown to cause enhancement of tumor growth inhibition.

Uridylyl-3'-5'-cytidine ammonium salt is a monophosphate of cytidine. It is an antiviral agent that inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Uridylyl-3'-5'-cytidine ammonium salt is synthesized by the reaction of uridyl 3'-5' -adenosine monophosphate with cytidine. This compound has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. Uridylyl-3'-5'-cytidine ammonium salt has shown activity against a variety of cancers, including breast, lung, and colon cancers.

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6-Benzyloxypurine is a fluorescent compound that can be used to measure the concentration of aqueous solutions. It is used in molecular modeling and as a tracer in bioassays. The binding constants for 6-benzyloxypurine have been determined by fluorescence spectrometry, and it has been shown to inhibit the growth of aerobacter aerogenes at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM. This inhibitor also has an inhibitory effect on the growth of tissue culture cells and wastewater treatment bacteria, such as enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimum concentration of 6-benzyloxypurine to inhibit bacterial growth is 1 mM, which corresponds to a pH of ~8.2.

Isowyosine is a protein that catalyzes the synthesis of purines, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair. Isowyosine is found in mammalian cells, where it has been observed to play a role in the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). Isowyosine also plays a role in the synthesis of viral proteins and viral replication. It has been shown to be active against various viruses, including herpes simplex virus and influenza virus. Isowyosine may also have anti-cancer properties due to its ability to inhibit tumor growth.

N,7-Dimethyl-2'-O-methylguanosine (DMOG) is a modified nucleoside with antiviral and anticancer properties. DMOG can be used as an activator of transcription, which activates the synthesis of viral RNA and dsDNA. This compound has shown to inhibit the activity of HIV by preventing reverse transcriptase from synthesizing DNA from viral RNA. It also inhibits tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and protein synthesis. DMOG is synthesized in high purity by chemical phosphoramidite chemistry.

5-Fluorocytosine arabinoside (5FCA) is an analog of fluorocytosine and a degradable prodrug that is converted to fluorouracil (5FU) in the human liver. It acts as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and has been used for the treatment of leukemias. 5-Fluorocytosine arabinoside is rapidly degraded by tissue culture cells, which may be due to its reactive functional groups. The inhibitory activity of this drug against cell culture was found to be minimal at low concentrations and reached a maximum at concentrations greater than 1 mM. The affinity ligands for this compound are reactive functional groups such as sulfhydryl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups, but not ester or amide bonds. This drug can be used in the synthesis of affinity ligands with a reactive functional group.

Thymidine 5’-triphosphate (dTTP) sodium hydrate is a fundamental building block in chemical biology. As one of the four natural deoxynucleotides, it plays a crucial role in DNA replication and repair, where dTTP is incorporated into growing DNA strands by DNA polymerases, ensuring fidelity during genetic duplication. The use of dTTP spans various applications, including PCR, DNA sequencing, and site-directed mutagenesis.

2',3'-Dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate trilithium salt (ddCTP) is a nucleoside analogue that has been shown to inhibit the enzyme activity of DNA polymerase. The ddCTP is a prodrug, which is activated by phosphorylation catalyzed by cellular kinases and then hydrolyzed to its active form, dideoxycytidine triphosphate (ddCTP). This drug also inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA. In vitro studies have shown that ddCTP causes cell lysis in murine sarcoma virus-infected cells, although it does not affect uninfected cells. 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate trilithium salt has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV protease in biochemical assays. It has also been found to be an effective inhibitor of mouse monoclon

2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a triphosphate with antiviral and antifungal activity. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of HL60 cells and induce apoptosis in IL-2 receptor-bearing cells. The compound inhibits the growth of opportunistic fungi, such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, by binding to deoxyguanosine residues in DNA. The compound also blocks polymerase activity, preventing DNA replication. 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is used as a model system for studying the binding of nucleoside analogs to DNA. This drug is prepared as an injection solution for intravenous administration.