Antibióticos Naturais e Semissintéticos

<p>Decarboxy ciprofloxacin is a prodrug that is active against bacteria and other microorganisms. It has been shown to have an affinity for the fluoroquinolone binding site on the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division. Decarboxy ciprofloxacin has been used in animals to treat infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Decarboxy ciprofloxacin is administered orally in the form of tablets or capsules. The drug binds to metal ions and can be detected with a biosensor that uses an aptamer-coated electrode. This sensor can be used for the detection of both metal ions and fluoroquinolones. <br>Decarboxy ciprofloxacin is also used as a research tool to</p>

<p>3'-Des(dimethylamino)-3'-keto azithromycin is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to the active form of azithromycin. 3'-Des(dimethylamino)-3'-keto azithromycin has an elution time of about 10 minutes on a C18 column, which is considerably longer than the 5-minute elution time for azithromycin. The chromatogram of 3'-Des(dimethylamino)-3'-keto azithromycin shows two peaks, one at 6 minutes and another at 10 minutes. These two peaks are due to impurities in the drug product, namely itraconazole and fluconazole. 3'-Des(dimethylamino)-3'-keto azithromycin has shown bioequivalence with its parent molecule, azithromycin.</p>

<p>4-[2-[[(6R,7R)-7-Amino-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]thio]-4-thiazolyl]-1-methylpyridinium Chloride Monohydrochloride is a drug product under development for the treatment of bacterial infections. 4-[2-[(6R,7R)-7Amino--2carboxy8oxo5thia1azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct2en3yl]thio]-4thiazolyl]-1methylpyridinium Chloride Monohydrochloride is an impurity in the API Methicillin (CAS No. 40082764). Impurities are not necessarily undesirable and may have substantial therapeutic value or provide a desired</p>

<p>Lincomycin B is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of antimicrobial agents. It is used in the treatment of viral infections and has been shown to have an effect against HIV-1, herpes simplex virus, and influenza A virus. Lincomycin B inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomes in bacteria and inhibiting peptide elongation. The optimum concentration for this compound is 0.2 mM with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 mM. Lincomycin B can be synthesized by reacting sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid or hydroxide solution at a temperature range from 30 °C to 70 °C.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Linezolid N-oxide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Roxithromycin impurity H is an analytical standard for Roxithromycin. It is a metabolite that has been identified in human urine and bile samples as well as in rat plasma following oral administration of Roxithromycin. It is also a byproduct of the synthesis of Roxithromycin, which can be eliminated through purification steps. This compound has not yet been evaluated in humans or animals, but it may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, or hepatotoxicity.</p>

<p>4-Epiminocycline is a pharmaceutical preparation that belongs to the class of antibiotics. It is a drug substance that is used in the manufacture of other drugs and as an individual drug for the treatment of various skin conditions and for the prevention of malaria. 4-Epiminocycline has been shown to be effective against bacteria by binding to DNA, preventing transcription and replication. The drug binds to plasma proteins and erythrocytes with high affinity, but it does not bind well to intestinal cells or lung tissue. 4-Epiminocycline has been shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis. This antibiotic also prevents the formation of biofilms by these bacteria.</p>

<p>Cefixime EP Impurity C disodium is an impurity in the drug Cefixime EP. It is a by-product of the synthesis process, which can be removed by a purification process. This product is an analytical standard and is used for qualitative analysis in HPLC. It is also used as a research and development standard for drug development. This product has been classified as a niche impurity since it only occurs at trace levels in the drug product, but it may have pharmacological relevance to some patients. This impurity can be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources and is available for custom synthesis to meet specific customer needs.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about L-Piperacillin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>NMP-ACA is a metabolite of cefepime. It is a synthetic, impurity standard for use in HPLC. It has an analytical purity of &gt;98%. The metabolites of NMP-ACA are not known at this time.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3-HABA kanamycin A sulfate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Roxithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. Roxithromycin has been used to diagnose intestinal and esophageal diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. There are some cardiac effects associated with Roxithromycin that may be related to its ability to inhibit serotonin reuptake. This drug also has anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to be effective against influenza virus infections as well as other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.</p>

<p>Erythromycin impurity K is a synthetic impurity of erythromycin, which is an antibiotic drug product. It is typically found in pharmaceutical products that are made from natural sources and is used as a research and development (R&amp;D) standard for the pharmacopoeia. Erythromycin impurity K can be purified by HPLC or other means to create high purity standards for analytical purposes. The chemical name of this compound is 3-[[[3-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]amino]methyl]-1H-indole.</p>

<p>Impurity G is an impurity found in the drug Iohexol. It is a synthetic, amide, propylamine, diacetate and methyl anthranilate. Impurity G has been shown to be a catalyst for the production of iodinated contrast media with high yield. This can be used to make the drug Moxifloxacin hydrochloride, which is used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis caused by Legionella pneumophila or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The chemical compound moxifloxacin has anti-inflammatory properties that are due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>(5E)-2,2-Dimethyl-7-[methyl(1-naphthalenylmethyl)amino]-5-hepten-3-ynoic acid is a drug product that has been custom synthesized. It is available in high purity (&gt;98%) and with analytical data. This chemical is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. (5E)-2,2-Dimethyl-7-[methyl(1-naphthalenylmethyl)amino]-5-hepten-3-ynoic acid has been shown to have pharmacological activity on the central nervous system and may be used as an antidepressant drug candidate.</p>

<p>The impurity is a natural product and an API impurity. The impurity is synthesized by the rearrangement of (E/Z)-FK-506 26,28-allylic ester. This impurity has been shown to be present in drug products at concentrations up to 0.0025% w/w. It is found in analytical samples at concentrations up to 0.02% w/w, which may be due to its use as a HPLC standard. The impurity has been studied for metabolism in rats and rabbits and is not metabolized by microsomal enzymes or conjugated with glucuronic acid. The compound has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in mice models and has no cardiotoxic effects on Balb/c mice.</p>

<p>(trans)-4-Propyl-1-methyl-L-proline is a synthetic compound that has been used in the past as an impurity standard in the synthesis of several drugs, including metaxalone and aminopyrine. It is also found to have pharmacological effects on its own and was used as a drug product for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (trans)-4-Propyl-1-methyl-L-proline is not listed in any pharmacopoeia or international list of approved drugs.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2′,4′′-Bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-erythromycin 9-[O-(1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl)oxime] including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>The compound (5E)-2,2-dimethyl-7-[(1-naphthalenylmethyl)amino]-5-hepten-3-ynoic acid is a chiral antifungal agent. It was developed to be used as an analytical tool for the determination of plasma concentrations and it can be used in profiling and chiral chromatography. This compound has been shown to have excellent solubility in water and good stability in most organic solvents. The compound is metabolized by the liver and excreted via the kidneys, with a half life of approximately 6 hours. The compound also shows linearity over a wide concentration range, which makes it useful for measuring quantitative changes in plasma concentrations.</p>

<p>(5S)-5-(Aminomethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one is a molecule with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme metallo-β-lactamase, which is found in Streptococcus faecalis and other bacteria. This molecule also has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. (5S)-5-(Aminomethyl)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2 -one is an amide with mass spectrometric and spectroscopic properties that can be used as analytical methods to identify it in biological samples.</p>

<p>N-[(2R)-3-{[3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]amino}-2-hydroxypropyl]acetamide is an impurity in a high purity analytical reference standard of 3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)aniline. It is also a metabolite that may be present in drug products containing 3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)aniline as the active ingredient, such as fluoroquinolones. N-[(2R)-3-{[3-Fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]amino}-2-hydroxypropyl]acetamide has been shown to inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are enzymes that maintain the integrity of bacterial DNA. It binds to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by inhib</p>

<p>Ceftazidime impurity H is a by-product that can be found in the synthesis of ceftazidime. It has been detected using magnetic separation and UV detection. Ceftazidime impurity H is an antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial growth. This antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing protein synthesis and cell division.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 5-Deoxy-Δ5,6-8-epi-tacrolimus including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Metabolite of mupirocin</p>

<p>Ceftazidime t-butyl ester is a prodrug of ceftazidime. It is a crystalline, stable form of the drug that can be dissolved in an organic solvent. Ceftazidime t-butyl ester has an average UV detection wavelength with a linear range of 200-600 nm and can be detected at a wavelength of 220 nm. This drug is used to treat infections caused by bacteria, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics, such as penicillin or ampicillin. Ceftazidime t-butyl ester has been shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens, although is not active against acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.</p>

<p>N-Desmethyl azithromycin B is a metabolite of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. It is an impurity in the drug product, and is present as an analytical standard for HPLC. N-Desmethyl azithromycin B can be found in the urine of patients taking azithromycin, but at much lower concentrations than the parent drug. This impurity is not toxicologically relevant, but may interfere with some analytical methods.</p>

<p>(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-[(2RS,5RS)-5-methyl-7-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]methyl} acetamide dihydrochloride is a drug product with purity of &gt;80%. It is a mixture of diastereomers. The impurities are not detected by HPLC. This compound is used in the development of drugs. Its metabolite is also available to purchase.</p>

<p>Delta 2 Cefdinir is a cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and skin infections. The drug product is an analytical standard that has been custom synthesized for metabolism studies. It is also used as an impurity standard for synthesis in research and development, as well as for HPLC analysis. Delta 2 Cefdinir is a high-purity, pharmacopoeia grade API with a purity of &gt;98% and contains no detectable levels of natural impurities.</p>

<p>Roxithromycin impurity I is a natural metabolite of roxithromycin. The substance has been synthesized in order to serve as an analytical impurity standard for HPLC. Roxithromycin impurity 1 is also a metabolite of roxithromycin, which has been shown to produce pharmacological effects similar to those seen with the parent compound. Roxithromycin impurity I is not an API, but has been developed as a HPLC analytical impurity standard and will be used for metabolism studies.</p>

<p>Lincomycin impurity B is a chemical substance which is the result of the metabolism of lincomycin. It is found in the urine and feces of patients who have taken lincomycin orally. Lincomycin impurity B has been detected in various commercial formulations of lincomycin, but its concentration varies with different batches. The HPLC standard purity for lincomycin impurity B is up to 99%. Lincomycin impurity B can be used as an analytical standard for HPLC analysis and as an API impurity in drug development. It also may be used as a research metabolite or pharmacopoeia reference material.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy azithromycin is an impurity of Azithromycin that is a metabolite of the drug. 4-Hydroxy azithromycin is a synthetic product, which has been synthesized for use as an analytical standard for HPLC and LC-MS/MS. It has also been used as a pharmacopoeia standard for testing antibiotic purity and quality. Metabolism studies have shown that 4-hydroxy azithromycin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but is found in the urine and feces.</p>

<p>Enrofloxacin impurity E is a product of the synthesis of enrofloxacin, with high purity and analytical standards. It is synthesized from natural products, and it can be used as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis. Enrofloxacin impurity E also has pharmacopoeia and CAS number 1369495-59-9. This substance is used in drug development and research to study metabolism.</p>

<p>Cefixime Impurity A is a drug product that is used for analytical purposes. It is an impurity of cefixime.</p>

<p>Dapaconazole is used as a drug candidate for antifungals.</p>

<p>Cefonicid monosodium, a second-gen cephalosporin, treats UTIs, respiratory, soft tissue, and bone infections by blocking cell wall synthesis.</p>

<p>Cefonicid: second-gen cephalosporin, IV/IM, treats UTIs, respiratory, bone, and soft tissue infections by blocking cell wall formation.</p>

<p>Penflufen, a broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), serves effectively as a fungicide.</p>

<p>Cefmenoxime: IV/IM cephalosporin antibiotic, resists beta-lactamase, targets Enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive/negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Ceftibuten is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.</p>

<p>Besifloxacin is the fourth generation of fluoroquinolones, which can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis</p>

<p>Fosravuconazole is a ravuconazole prodrug. It has antifungal activity.</p>

<p>(S)-Tedizolid is the S-enantiomer of Tedizolid. Tedizolid is a novel oxazolidinone with activity against Gram-positive pathogens.</p>

<p>Caspofungin is a cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic mycoses.</p>

<p>protein phosphatase (PP)1 inhibitor</p>

<p>Flomoxef sodium, an antibiotic belonging to the oxacephem group, exhibits excellent activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria.</p>

<p>Pseudomonic acid D sodium is a chemical compound that is found in coal tar. It has antimicrobial properties and can be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Pseudomonic acid D sodium has been shown to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacterial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus faecalis. It also inhibits the growth of yeast such as Candida albicans. Pseudomonic acid D sodium is soluble in water at low concentrations and insoluble in water at high concentrations. This chemical exhibits acidic properties with an acidic pH range from 2-4. Pseudomonic acid D sodium does not dissolve calcium carbonate or hydroxide solution due to its weakly acidic nature.</p>

<p>Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is an analytical standard for clarithromycin. Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in methanol, acetone, and chloroform. It has a molecular weight of 459.23 Da and the chemical formula C18H26N2O5S. Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is an impurity found in clarithromycin that has been isolated from the product by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Clarithromycin EP Impurity A can be used as a reference standard for pharmacopoeia testing or as a research and development sample for drug development. It can also be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources.</p>

<p>Piperacilloic acid is a synthetic compound that exhibits antibacterial activity. It has been shown to be effective against human pathogens, including urothelial carcinoma and human serum. Piperacilloic acid binds to the amino acids lysine and arginine in bacterial proteins and inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the function of enzymes that require these amino acids for their activity. The potency of piperacillin is low, but it is activated by hydrolysis in the acidic environment of the stomach or intestinal tract. Piperacilloic acid also has potential as a contraceptive agent because it may inhibit transcriptional regulation of genes that are involved in sperm production.</p>

<p>Cefdinir impurity F is an impurity of cefdinir that has been identified in some batches. It is a triethylamine derivative and has been found to be ultralow. Cefdinir impurity F has been studied for its use in laboratories.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Oxacyclohexane open ring tacrolimus including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Clarithromycin EP impurity B is a natural impurity in clarithromycin. Clarithromycin EP impurity B is synthesized by the metabolism of clarithromycin, and its chromatographic retention time is 13.5 minutes. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immuno-suppressive effects, which may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Clarithromycin EP impurity B has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin.</p>

<p>Clindamycin-B2-phosphate is a drug product with CAS No. 54887-31-9 that is used as an analytical reference standard. It is metabolized in animals and humans to form clindamycin, which has been shown to bind to ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis. Clindamycin-B2-phosphate also binds to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, inhibiting their activity. This drug product has been shown to be effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens, although it is not active against acid-fast bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.</p>

<p>N-Succinyl-L-tyrosine is a synthetic compound that is used as an impurity standard for the determination of the purity and quality of drug products. It is also used in research and development to study metabolism. N-Succinyl-L-tyrosine is a metabolite of tyrosine, which has been shown to be an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of some neurotransmitters and hormones. This product can be used in HPLC assays to provide a standard curve for quantification.</p>

<p>Cefteram (T-2525), an orally active ester of the cephalosporin class, is the free acid form of Cefteram pivoxil.</p>

<p>Durlobactam is a drug candidate for beta-lactamase inhibitor.</p>

<p>Valnemulin, a broad-spectrum pleuromutilin antibiotic, targets peptidyl transferase within the 50S ribosomal subunit, effectively used in veterinary medicine to address swine diseases such as B. hyodysenteriae and M. hyopneumoniae.</p>

<p>Pradofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibioticthat exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.</p>

<p>Calicheamicin (Calicheamicin γ1) is an antitumor antibiotic and is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It also is a cytotoxic agent that causes double-strand DNA breaks.</p>

<p>Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections. Desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a fluorinated derivative of ciprofloxacin and is an ultra-fast synthetic compound. It has been shown to be more potent than the parent molecule. This drug is considered to be impure because it contains other chemical compounds, such as isomers and back-pressure products. The particle size distribution of desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is usually very broad with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 1 micron. It can be separated by particle size in a phase liquid chromatography column because the particles have different hydrodynamic diameters. Desfluoro ciprofloxacin hydrochloride can also be separated by phase chromatography on an oligosaccharide column, which produces more efficient separation than traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant that is used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. It binds to the cytosolic protein, FKBP-12, which prevents calcineurin from dephosphorylating and activating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Tacrolimus inhibits the production of IL-2 and other cytokines by T cells, suppressing proliferation. Tacrolimus has been shown to be bioequivalent when administered orally or intravenously. Bioavailability may be increased when taken with food.</p>

<p>Ibafloxacine (R835) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is used exclusively in veterinary applications and shows zero good bacteriostatic effect against</p>

Lactones, nesoi

Other acyclic polyamines and their derivatives; salts thereof

Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only nesoi

Aromatic or modified aromatic heterocyclic compounds withnitrogen hetero-atom(s) only nesoi

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Compounds containing an unfused thiazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure