Esteroides e Derivados

<p>Applications Sodium Estrone-2,4,16,16-d4 Sulfate (Stabilized with TRIS, 50% w/w) (CAS# 285979-80-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications A major steroidal sapogenin from Radix ophiopogon japonicus with robust anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Studies suggest that it inhibits adhesion of leukocytes to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) injured by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a concentration-dependent manner.<br>References Huang, Y. et al.: Drug Dev. Res., 69, 196 (2008); Huang, Y. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 108, 198 (2008); Song, J. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 113, 409 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol EP Impurity C<br>Applications 4-Methyl Estradiol (Estradiol EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005), Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrahydrodehydrocorticosterone inhibits aldosteronogenesis by intact cells at concentrations that inhibited angiotensin binding.<br>References Campanile, C.P., Goodfriend, T.L.: Steroids, 37, 681(1981)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Fluocinolone acetonide-21-aldehyde, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Anti-inflammatory (topical).<br>References Kirshbaum, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 251 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrogen; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 347 (1982),<br></p>

<p>(betaS,deltaS)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5- (1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole- 1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) is a fluorinated derivative of the natural metabolite 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy -5-(1 methylethyl)-3 phenyl 4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H pyrrole 1 heptanoic acid. It is an enantiomer of the racemate with optical purity &gt; 98%. The compound has been used as a pharmacological and supramolecular chemistry probe for assays and chemosensors.</p>

<p>3-Oxo-4-aza-5a-androst-1-ene-17b-carboxylic acid is a covalently bonded prodrug that is metabolized to its active form, finasteride, in the body. It has been shown to have physiological activities such as skin permeation and cell growth. 3-Oxo-4-aza-5a-androst-1-ene 17b carboxylic acid also has immunotherapy properties and can be conjugated with other compounds for use in cancer treatment.</p>

<p>Desfluoro atorvastatin is a crystalline polymorph of atorvastatin that has been shown to have improved flowrate and dissolution profile compared with the conventional form. Desfluoro atorvastatin is synthesized by adding a fluorine atom to a specific position in the molecule. The synthesis procedure includes chromatographic purification and analysis of impurities, which are then eliminated by diode laser irradiation. Impurities may also be eliminated through hydrogenation or recrystallization.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin methyl ester is a statin drug that inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol and other lipids in the body. It is used to reduce high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which may lead to heart disease or stroke. Atorvastatin methyl ester has been shown to be effective in reducing the uptake of LDL cholesterol into cells by preventing the formation of LDL particles. This drug also decreases the production of biphosphate-containing phospholipids, which are essential for dendritic cell maturation. The crystalline polymorphs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and microscopy. Impurities can be detected using ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>

<p>Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and social anxiety disorder. It is also used as an appetite suppressant in some countries. Fluoxetine inhibits the neuronal uptake of serotonin by blocking the presynaptic transporter protein. The most common adverse effects are nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision and sexual dysfunction.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin impurity F is an impurity that can be found in atorvastatin. It is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a melting point of 142°C. It has a molecular weight of 273.5 and chemical formula of C14H13N3O2. This impurity can be found in atorvastatin as an API impurity, which may have an effect on the efficacy or toxicity of the drug product. Impurities are present in all pharmaceutical products and should be identified, characterized, and quantified for quality control purposes. Impurities are often unavoidable byproducts of the manufacturing process and can lead to potential safety concerns if they are not detected early on during drug development. The presence of impurities may also affect the pharmacological effects or therapeutic efficacy of the drug product.</p>

<p>Fluticasone Propionate EP Impurity F is an impurity of Fluticasone Propionate. Fluticasone Propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid used in the treatment of asthma and other allergic disorders. Impurity F is a metabolite of Fluticasone Propionate and has been detected in human plasma at low levels (5% of total fluticasone propionate). The metabolism of Fluticasone Propionate to Impurity F has been studied in rat, mouse, dog and man.<br>br&gt;br&gt;<br>The following table summarizes the metabolic pathways that have been identified for this impurity:<br>br&gt;br&gt;<br>Metabolism studies indicate that Impurity F is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 to form conjugates with glucuronic acid or sulfates. It may also be hydrolyzed to form 5α-flurostan-3β,17β-d</p>

<p>O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium is a drug product that is an HPLC standard. It is a natural metabolite of atorvastatin, which is synthesized by cytochrome P450 3A4 in the liver. O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium has been shown to be an impurity in some batches of atorvastatin calcium. It has been observed to have pharmacological effects similar to those of atorvastatin. O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium has been used as a research and development (R&amp;D) tool for studies on the metabolism of drugs, including its own synthesis and the study of the effect on other drugs such as amiodarone.</p>

<p>Dutasteride impurity D is a natural impurity found in dutasteride and has been reported to be an analytical marker for dutasteride. It is also used as an impurity standard, HPLC standard, and custom synthesis for drug development. Metabolism studies have shown that the major route of elimination for Dutasteride impurity D is through glucuronidation with minor amounts being excreted in urine unchanged.</p>

<p>Calcipotriol EP Impurity H is an impurity found in calcipotriol EP. It is a metabolite of calcipotriol EP, which is the active ingredient in Dovonex. Calcipotriol EP Impurity H can be detected by HPLC with a retention time of 11.5 minutes and its purity can be determined by UV spectroscopy at 254 nm with a purity of &gt;98%. Calcipotriol EP Impurity H can also be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin is a drug product that is metabolized to atorvastatin epoxy pyrrolooxazin tricyclic impurity. Due to the presence of this impurity, the purity of the drug product is not 100%. Atorvastatin epoxy pyrrolooxazin tricyclic impurity is a natural metabolite with CAS number 516-80-1. It has been shown to have effects on metabolism and may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Metabolism studies have been conducted on animals, but not humans.</p>