Monossacáridos

<p>Xylose (Xyl) is an aldopentose also known as wood sugar (Collins, 2006). The main sources of xylose are hemicelluloses found in hardwood and perennial plants, such as, grasses, cereals, and herbs (Petzold-Welcke, 2014) and some algae. Xylose is used in the production of xylitol, a low calory sugar substitute. Xylose is used in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis, which is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. The first enzyme in the pathway, peptide O-xylosyltransferase, catalyzes the transfer of xylose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-α-D-xylose onto serine and thus determines the site(s) of GAG attachment on the core protein (Briggs, 2018).</p>

<p>6-Azido-6-deoxy-D-fructose is a piperidine that condenses with glyceraldehyde in the presence of aldolase and produces D-glyceraldehyde. This reaction is stereospecifically catalyzed by aldolase, which converts the product to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 6Azido-6deoxy-D-fructose has been shown to exhibit polyhydroxylated properties.</p>

<p>A partially methylated glucose with the anomeric position free</p>

Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter subtype 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It inhibits glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron and results in glycosuria, which helps to improve glycaemic control. Also, Dapagliflozin is used to lower the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk of progression.

The b-D-glucopyranosyl amine is a glucose analogue that has been shown to have biochemical properties. It is the hydrochloride salt form of the molecule, which can be found in human liver cells. B-D-glucopyranosyl amine has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. This compound also has anti-inflammatory activities, as it inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils. B-D-glucopyranosyl amine is an anti-infective agent that specifically targets bacterial cell wall synthesis and inhibits their growth by binding to the enzyme β1-glycosidase. This compound is also able to bind to lipid membranes and induce membrane leakage, leading to cell death.

<p>Glucal is a carbohydrate that is used as a synthon in organic synthesis. It has been shown to be anomeric and can be synthesized by acetylation of the corresponding aldose, or by the glycosidic bond reaction with borohydride reduction. Glucal is not stable at high pH and can undergo ring-opening reactions with nucleophiles such as sodium borohydride. Glucal also reacts with glycoconjugates to form new molecules, which are called glycosidic products.</p>

Glucose 6-phosphatase substrate

1-Octylamino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol is a natural product that is extracted from the bark of the tree Streptomyces griseorubens. It has been shown to have a diastereomeric ratio of 97:3 and an optical purity of 98%. The thermodynamic properties of this compound are determined by the reaction time, which can vary from 1 to 24 hours. The enantiomers are separated by chromatography or crystallization, and the solubility data is determined at 25°C.

<p>Low-calorie sweetener; additive in detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals</p>

<p>Intermediate for the anomeric modification of Fuc, including fucosylation</p>

<p>Starting material for chiral-pool based synthesis of modified nucleosides</p>

1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranose is a synthon that is used as a synthetic intermediate for the synthesis of other compounds. It is also a reactive compound that can be used to synthesize carboxylic acids and hydroxy ketones by reaction with water or alcohols. 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranose can also be converted into esters by reaction with alcohols.

<p>4-Acetamidophenyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a pharmaceutical drug that is a metabolite of acetaminophen. It can be detected in the urine by biochips, which are microarrays that contain immobilized binding sites for specific analytes. The analysis of 4-acetamidophenyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt in urine is used to screen for the use of acetaminophen and to identify cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) activity. This drug can also be detected by spectrometric methods using biochemical assays on plates or hepatocytes and mass spectrometric detection methods using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Acetaminophen has been shown to have toxic effects on the liver, kidneys, and lungs in humans, as well as on diode photoluminescence.</p>

Propyl b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates. It has a fluorinated hydroxyl group at the C3 position and an esterified carboxylic acid at the C1 position. This compound can be used as a building block for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. Propyl b-D-glucuronide is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 176.

Resource for the synthesis of Clofarabine and other bioactive arabinosides

<p>L-Rhamnose diethyl mercaptal is an antiperspirant and deodorant that is used in combination with other ingredients to reduce or eliminate body odor. It is a supplement, often found in combinations with other compounds such as neodymium and radium. This compound works by preventing the formation of sweat from the apocrine glands, which reduces underarm wetness and body odor. L-Rhamnose diethyl mercaptal also has antimicrobial properties that help prevent bacterial growth on the skin surface.</p>

Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside is a hexadecanoic acid that is mediated by the target cell. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and cancer cells in vitro. Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside also possesses an antibacterial activity with a low mammalian toxicity. This compound is hydrolyzed by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduced by glutathione reductase, or conjugated with glucuronic acid. The residue of this compound has been shown to be carcinogenic in vivo and in vitro. Anticancer activity of this compound may be due to its ability to disrupt DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis of cancer cells.

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-S-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-thio-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic compound that is used as a building block for the synthesis of other compounds. It is an acetylated oligosaccharide that can be modified with fluorine atoms to form 1,2,3,4-tetra-[F]fluoro-[F]deoxy-[F]thio-[F]hexose. This product has high purity and can be used in glycosylation reactions.</p>

This is a custom synthesis of a carbohydrate. It is a methylated, glycosylated, fluorinated, complex carbohydrate that can be synthesized to any desired degree of substitution. This product has been designed for use as a fluorescent tag or label in biochemistry and cell biology research. It is modified at the anomeric position with an acetyl group and an azide group. The acetyl group confers solubility in water, while the azide group confers fluorescence. The modifications also allow for click chemistry reactions, which are used in protein labeling and activation studies.

1-Deoxy-1-(hydroxyethylamino)-D-glucitol (DEG) is a sugar alcohol that has been used as a transport inhibitor for the efflux of galactitol. It competitively inhibits the uptake of galactitol in the cell, resulting in a decrease in intracellular levels of this sugar. The uptake of other sugars is not affected by DEG, which makes it an effective tool for studying the transport mechanisms for these sugars. DEG is also chiral and has been used to study the uptake of chiral molecules. This research was done by using Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model, showing that DEG can be used to investigate how cells take up different molecules. These studies have led to insights into how cells metabolize different sugars and fats.