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3-Hydroxycyclopentanone is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene. It is synthesized from 3-hydroxypentanal, which is obtained from the oxidation of fatty acids or as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. 3-Hydroxycyclopentanone can be used to measure blood pressure due to its stereoselectivity and has been shown to inhibit enzymes that catalyze reactions involving thiolates. The genome sequence of Nicotiana tabacum has revealed that it contains a gene encoding for an enzyme (3HCP) that converts 3-hydroxypropanoic acid into 3-hydroxycyclopentanone. This enzyme is expressed at higher levels during the late stages of flower development, when ethylene production peaks.