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Nitro-substituted derivatives of pyridine are polarizable molecules. 5-Nitro-2-phenylpyridine is dipolar with a high value for the dipole moment. Its nitro group has a significant effect on its polarizability. The molecule has been synthesised and characterized by thermodynamics, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and optical properties. Nitro-substituted pyridines have been used in the synthesis of picolinic acid and biphenyls.