Oligosacáridos

Pentagalacturonic acid (α-1,4 galacturonopentaose) is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis (Combo, 2012). It is used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterize endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s) and gluconase(s) (Jayani, 2005). The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, tetra-galacturonate, and penta-galacturonate oligosaccharides, restores development in dark-grown, de-etiolated seedling mutants, suggesting that they are unable to generate de-methylesterified pectin fragments. A model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types has been proposed that contains overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development (Sinclair, 2017).

Tridecyl beta-D-maltopyranoside is a synthetic saccharide that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. The carbohydrate can be used in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins. The product is available for custom synthesis, and it is offered in high purity form.

The blood group B type III/IV linear trisaccharide is a synthetic oligosaccharide. The methylation of the saccharide and click modification of the polysaccharide molecule allow for fast, efficient synthesis. This product has been custom synthesized to be free of impurities, high in purity, and available in glycosylation form. It can be modified with fluorination or other modifications to meet your needs.

Dextran is a polysaccharide that is used as an antimicrobial agent and as a volume expander in the treatment of bowel disease, myocardial infarct, and other diseases. Dextran sulfate is a linear polymer with a molecular weight of 500,000 to 1,000,000. It has minimal toxicity and does not interfere with iron homeostasis or cause fluid overload. Dextran sulfate can be used for the treatment of bowel disease because it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models. The mechanism by which dextran sulfate inhibits inflammation is unknown, but may involve its ability to bind to macrophages and neutrophils in the gut wall. Dextran sulfate also binds to bacteria and prevents their growth. This binding may prevent bacterial penetration into epithelial cells or block bacterial attachment to cell surfaces. The efficacy of dextran sulfate against pathogenic mechanisms such as inflammation has been demonstrated in experimental models.

GA1-ganglioside is also known as asialo-GM1 ganglioside. Autoimmune responses to GA1 ganglioside and high titers of anti-GA1 antibodies have been associated with neuromotor disorders, such as, motor neuron disease, multifocal motor neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (Kolter, 2006). Anti-GA1 antibodies are also associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection and Lyme disease (Djellaoui, 2016).

Minor trisaccharide component of honey

The structure of GD2-oligosaccharide-sp-biotin (sodium salt) comprises (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with two sialic acids linked (β-2,3/β-2,8) to the central galactose residue and biotin attached to position 1 of the reducing glucose moiety. GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors, including: neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, it has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy.

Dextran 2000 is a high molecular weight biocompatible polymer with transport properties. It is used in a variety of medical applications, such as red blood cell transfusions and the prevention of post-surgical adhesions. Dextran 2000 has been shown to be a safe and effective means of preventing hemolysis during red blood cell transfusion. This agent binds to amine groups on the surface of erythrocytes, which prevents complement activation and subsequent lysis. Additionally, dextran 2000 has been shown to exhibit low cytotoxicity against neuronal cells in vitro.