Glycoscience

LH 21 is a low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose. It is produced by the fluorination of cellulose, followed by substitution with a variety of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides to produce a complex carbohydrate. LH 21 is synthesized for custom needs, glycosylated, methylated, and modified at the sugar level with click chemistry. It has a CAS No. 9004-64-2 and is Carbohydrate in nature. LH 21 has high purity and can be used in many applications including as an excipient or additive in pharmaceutical formulations.

<p>Allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide. It can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates by glycosylation and polysaccharide modification. It can also be used for click chemistry modification, methylation, and sugar modifications. Allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is of high purity and is available for custom synthesis.</p>

<p>2-Bromoethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a modified form of D-(+)-glucose. The modification has been accomplished through the use of a click chemistry reaction with an azide and alkyne. This product is offered for custom synthesis and can be used in glycosylation reactions.</p>

<p>6-Phosphogluconic acid trisodium is a synthetic, non-natural glycosylation product that is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It can be fluorinated or methylated, and modified with a click reaction to produce various derivatives. The compound has been shown to have high purity and is readily available from commercial suppliers.</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Neoagarooctaose is reported to have potential for novel cosmeceuticals.</p>

D-Glucose-6-phosphate barium salt is a custom synthesis that is prepared by modification of D-glucose with phosphoric acid, fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide. This compound is a synthetic carbohydrate that belongs to the category of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It has a molecular weight of 583.12 g/mol and an empirical formula of C7H8O10P2Ba. The CAS number for this compound is 150400-00-3.

<p>3'-b-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine is an oligosaccharide that is synthesized from L-arabinose and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. It has a high degree of purity and is custom synthesized to order. The CAS number for this product is 210418-18-1.</p>

<p>Heparin derived disaccharide sodium salt is a salt form of heparin. It is a heterogenous mixture of low molecular weight compounds that are composed of sugar residues and sulfation. Heparin derived disaccharide sodium salt has been used for the treatment of thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and other bleeding disorders. This drug also has been used to prevent blood coagulation in patients undergoing surgery.</p>

<p>1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-L-iditol is a synthetic compound that is used in pharmaceutical preparations and tissue culture. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro assays. The synthesis of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol involves intramolecular hydrogenation of fatty acids with alkanoic acids and the use of solid catalysts.</p>

Chondroitin sulphate is an inhibitor that has been extensively studied in human and animal models. This active agent has been shown to have a protein inhibitory effect on epithelial cells, as well as an inhibitory effect on cell growth in Chinese medicine and Chinese medicinal plants. Chondroitin sulphate has been found to exhibit inhibitory activity against endothelial cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. This compound can be detected by liquid chromatography and has been shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Overall, chondroitin sulphate shows great potential for use in healthcare products aimed at regulating cell growth and inflammation.

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a sugar with an active methyl group. It is synthesized by the Click modification of 4-hydroxyphenyl b-D-galactopyranoside and has been fluorinated. The glycosylation process has been carried out using glycone as a precursor to modify the monosaccharide and oligosaccharide. This product has a CAS number of 3150-20-7 and is considered a synthetic compound.</p>

<p>3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic carbohydrate that contains fluorine and is used as a glycosylation and methylation reagent. It has been shown to react with various saccharides, including glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and cellobiose. In addition to its use in glycosylation reactions, 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene -a D ribofuranose can be used for click chemistry. This reagent is available in high purity and is synthesized from the natural sugar ribofuranose.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose is a methylated, saccharide, Polysaccharide. It is a custom synthesis of a carbohydrate sugar. It is fluorinated to increase its bioavailability. 2 Acetamido 3 O 2 acetamido 2 deoxy b D glucopyranosyl 2 deoxy D galactopyranose has CAS No. 95673 98 6 and the molecular weight is 524.87 g/mol. It has a purity of &gt;99% and comes in powder form.</p>

The hyaluronic acid discaccharide and other enzymatically produced polymer homologs from hyaluronic acid have been of value in the study of hyaluronic acid metabolism in healthy and diseased tissues (Hascall, 2019). Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units of β-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and β-1, 4-glucuronic acid. The unsaturated disaccharide hyalobiuronic acid is released from hyaluronic acid by the action of hyaluronidase on umbilical cord (Weissman, 1954).

β-1,3-Glucan is a bioactive polysaccharide, which is located predominantly in the cell walls of yeast, fungi, and certain cereals. This compound is characterized by its unique branched structure, which is crucial for its biological function. The mode of action of β-1,3-Glucan involves the binding to specific receptors on immune cells, such as dectin-1, which triggers a cascade of immune responses. This interaction enhances the activity of macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, thus bolstering the body's innate immune defenses.The uses and applications of β-1,3-Glucan are broad, primarily focused on immunological research and potential therapeutic strategies. It is extensively utilized in studies examining its effects as an immunomodulator, leveraging its ability to potentiate immune system function and examining its role in adjunctive cancer therapies, where it may enhance the efficacy of certain treatments. Additionally, β-1,3-Glucan is investigated for its potential benefits in reducing infection rates and improving recovery times in clinical settings. Moreover, its applications in dietary supplements and functional foods continue to be a subject of scientific inquiry, aiming to harness its health-promoting properties within nutrition science.

A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria and Lessonia nigrescens (illustrated) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta. The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-5-O-toluoyl-L-ribofuranoside is a high purity, custom synthesis, methylated, Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide. It has CAS No. 676598-19-9 and is Glycosylated and Methylated. This complex carbohydrate is a synthetic, monosaccharide or saccharide that can be modified with fluorination, Click modification or glycosylation.</p>

<p>2-Benzamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic, inexpensive, and non-toxic compound that has antibiotic properties. It is used as a reagent for the sulfonylating of aromatic rings and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. 2-Benzamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose can be radiolabeled with carbon or fluorine atoms to form a resonance labeled probe that can be used in magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>

<p>Poria cocos is an edible medicinal fungus known as “Fuling” in Chinese that has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for more than two thousand years. Polysaccharide material is the most abundant organic substance in the fungus, accounting for about 85% of the total and is a mixture of polysaccharides with the major component being Pachyman, a β-glucan with a 1,3 backbone and 1,6 side chains. It is reported that Pachyman has a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Pachyman is a beta-glucan with a 1,3 backbone and 1,6 side chains of fungal origin (Poria cocos).<br>The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.</p>

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid hexamer disodium salt is a custom synthesis of a fluorinated, methylated and acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid. This molecule is an oligosaccharide with three sugar rings. It has been modified by click chemistry and glycosylation to create a complex carbohydrate. The CAS number for this compound is 156587-48-2.</p>