Nucleósidos

3'-Amino-5'-O-p-anisoyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine is a novel compound that has been synthesized. This compound is a diphosphate, which can be used as an activator for the synthesis of modified nucleosides and antiviral agents. It is also a DNA phosphoramidite, which can be used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides with high purity and high quality.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methyluridine is a nucleoside analog that is a modified version of uridine, where the sugar (deoxyribose) has a fluoro modification at the 2' position and a methyl group is attached at the 5' position of the uracil base.

2'-O-methyluridine is an antiviral nucleoside that is used as a phosphoramidite in the synthesis of oligonucleotides. It has been shown to inhibit viral replication, and has been found to be effective in treating HIV-1 by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. N3-Methyl-2'-O-methyluridine also inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. This modified nucleoside has been synthesized from uracil and contains a methyl group at the 3' position. The methyl group prevents 2'-O-methyluridine from being activated by cellular thymidylate synthase, which normally converts deoxyribonucleotides into ribonucleotides. This novel nucleotide has not yet been used in clinical trials but it may provide an alternative to other drugs used for cancer treatments.

5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Cl-dC) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the action of thymidylate synthase. It can be used in animal models to study bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 5-Cl-dC has been shown to be effective in treating the effects of radiation and chemical toxicity in HL60 cells, a type of human leukemia cell line. 5-Cl-dC has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of eosinophil peroxidase, which is an enzyme that may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. This drug is currently being evaluated for its safety and efficacy in clinical trials involving patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia who are at risk for developing leukemia.

5'-O-MMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is a novel anticancer drug that is modified from the natural nucleoside thymidine. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase, preventing DNA synthesis and replication. It also inhibits viral DNA replication, including HIV and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). 5'-O-MMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite has antiviral properties against HIV and HSV-1. This nucleoside is synthesized by reacting 5'-O-methyl cytidylic acid with an activated phosphite in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane. The product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization from acetonitrile.

5-azidomethyl-2-deoxyuridine (AmdU) is a nucleoside that contains an azide group. The structure of the nucleoside is similar to thymidine, and it is incorporated into nascent DNA by cellular polymerases, similarly to EdU (NE08701). Unlike EdU that needs to be further modified with azides in the presence of copper catalyst, AmdU can also react in the absence of copper catalyst using spAAC Click Chemistry with strained cycloalkynes, such as cyclooctynes. This enables detection of nascent DNA in benign, copper free conditions.

3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-2-thiouridine is a nucleoside analog that has been modified to have antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, which is involved in DNA synthesis. 3’-Deoxy-3’-fluoro-2-thiouridine has been used successfully as an antiviral agent against HIV and other viruses, and as an anticancer agent against leukemia. The monophosphate form of this drug has been shown to inhibit DNA replication in vitro.

N2-DMF-guanosine is a novel antiviral agent that has been synthesized by modifying the nucleoside guanosine. It is an analog of guanosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group has been replaced with a 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro group, and it inhibits viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. N2-DMF-guanosine is also used as a high quality deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate for the synthesis of ribonucleosides and nucleosides. This compound has a CAS number of 6074-37-4.

7-Deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine is a purine nucleoside that is synthesized from guanosine and iodine. It is used as a marker in sequencing reactions because it can be easily detected by UV light at 254 nm. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine can be synthesized using the following general equation:

2-Thiocytidine is a nucleoside that is an intermediate in the synthesis of thiamine. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of prostate cancer cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. 2-Thiocytidine binds to the catalytic site of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and inhibits the enzyme's activity, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. This drug also has been shown to inhibit crosslinking caused by UV light or other agents that generate reactive oxygen species. 2-Thiocytidine binds to the active site of RR and prevents the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. This binding prevents reduction of ribose into ribonucleotides and inhibits DNA synthesis.

5’-O-DMT-2’-b-C-methyladenosine is a modified nucleoside with antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of DNA synthesis, and can be used as a precursor for phosphoramidites for the synthesis of oligonucleotides. The 5’-O-DMT group in this compound may be replaced with other activating groups to synthesize different modified nucleosides.