Antibióticos naturales y semisintéticos

<p>Applications 4'-O-2,6-Dideoxy-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl Selamectin is an impurity of Selamectin (S247990) which is a topical parasiticide. Selamectin (S247990) is also used as a veterinary antihelminithic agent on animals.<br>References Eshar, D., et al.: J. Am. Veterin. Med. Association., 241, 1056 (2012); Geis-Asteggiante, L., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 1258, 43 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rifabutin N-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifabutin (R505000) and like its parent compound it exhibits antibacterial activity.<br>References Medeiros, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 44, (2004); Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefquinome (cas# 84957-30-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Ivermectin B1a-D2 is a deuterium labelled analogue of Ivermectin B1a (I940815), which is a major component of Ivermectin (I940800), a semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Antihelmintic (Onchocerca). An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);; Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br></p>

<p>Applications Semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic Acid is used as a reagent for determination of hydroxylamine using fused gold nanoparticles immobilized on sol-gel film modified gold electrode.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kannan, P., John, A.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 663, 158 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl-6-O-methylerythromycin (9E)-Oxime is a derivative of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an antifungal drug. It is used both in animal and in humans, to treat rigworm infections of the skin and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Oxford, et al.: Biochem. J., 33, 240 (1939), Townley, E.R., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 219 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity L ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound L<br>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Desacetyl Rifaximin is an impurity of Rifaximin (R509500), a non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984); Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995); Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Roxithromycin (R700850).<br>References Lindstrom, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 265 (1993), Shimada, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 270, 414 (1994), Yamazaki, H., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 21, 215 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cefpodoxime Proxetil (C243860). An antibacterial.<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Furaltadone is a metabolite of Nitrofuran in milk and an intermediate in the synthesis of AMOZ (A634600), a metabolite of Furaltadone Hydrochloride.<br>References Tribalat, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 2168 (2006); Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007); Lim, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 2252 (1999), Martin, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 1612 (2005), Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007), McCracken, R., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 24, 26 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity M<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br>References Tiefenbacher, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 463 (1994), Parshikov, I., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56, 474 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984), Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995), Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications The more active Zearalenone (Z270500) metabolite.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Olsen, M., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 15 (1981), Chang, W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 887 (1984), El Golli, E., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 166, 122 (2006), Hassen, W., et al.: Toxicology, 232, 294 (2007), Benzoni, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 25, 461 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity J<br>Applications Descladinose Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity J) is a metabolite of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin (A927000).<br>References Luke, D.R. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 61, 641 (1997); Foulds, G. et al.: Infect. Dis. THer., 18, 367 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C<br>Applications 3-Ethyl-2,5-pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cycloserine dimer as potential impurity of drug Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Perez-Sala, D., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38,1037 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vancomycin Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used against gram-positive bacterial strains.<br>References Yao, N., et al.: Biopolymers, 90, 421 (2008); Lai, H., et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 2046 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.<br>References Bollag, D.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 55, 2325 (1995), Hardt, I.H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 64, 847 (2001), Gerth, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 55, 41, 45 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Antibacterial.<br>References Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970), Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972), Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Linezolid is an enatiomeric impurity of Linezolid (L466500)<br>References Bednarek, E. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1193, 164 (2008); Nirogi, R. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 46, 764 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Terbinafine N-oxide is an impurity of Terbinafine (T107500), an antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984); Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985); Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 28-Epirapamycin is an epimer of Rapamycin (R124000), a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants.<br>References Yang, W., et. al.: Org. Lett., 1, 2033 (1999); Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977); Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993); Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000); Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Neamine is normally found as a core structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is used in the synthesis of disaccharide neamine derivatives as antibacterial agents.<br>References Kawaguchi, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 25, 695 (1972), Fourmy, D., et al.: Science, 274, 1367 (1996), Riguet, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 4806 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Amino-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl Phosphate Barium Salt (Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)) is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996), Lykkeberg, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 325 (2004), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2,5-Pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]butanoic Acid is an impurity of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Murugan, R., Narayanan, S.S.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 8, 36 (2009); Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982); Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications An carbapenem antibacterial.<br>References Shigemi, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 34, 589 (2009), Miguet, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5926 (2009), Zhao, W., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 58, 1080 (2009), Sanbongi, Y., et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 53, 361 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture<br>Applications Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture.<br>References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications The S,S-stereoisomer of Chloramphenicol (C325030). Broad spectrum antibiotic obtained from cultures of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial; antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Desfuroyl Ceftiofur Dimer is an impurity of the drug Ceftiofur (C244695), a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity I<br>Applications De(cladinosyl) Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity I) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750). De(cladinosyl) Clarithromycin showed significantly potent antibacterial activity against community acquired respiratory pathogens.<br>References Morimoto, S., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 187 (1984), Buxbaum, A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 371 (2003), Westphal, J., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 50, 285 (2000), Ma, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 4137 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Delactamimipenem Monosodium is an impurity found in imipenem (I465200).<br>References Ratcliffe, R.W., et. al.: J. Org. Chem., 54, 653 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of biosynthetic antibiotics<br>References Horton, D., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 59, 452 (1974), Kamenik, Z., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 1779 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of detoxification inhibitors of the crucifer phytoalexin Brassinin, as potential fungicides against Leptosphaeria maculans.<br>References Gaspari, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 684 (2006), Pedras, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 714 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Erythromycylamine-d3 is labelled Erythromycylamine (E653400) which is a metabolite of Dirithromycin (D493000). It is also a potent macrolide antibiotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bauldry, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 16787 (1988); Labro, M., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 24, 561 (1989); Dumas, R., et al.: Chemother., 36, 381 (1990); Bacci, P., et al.: J. Chemother., 4, 268 (1992); Montenez, J., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 156, 129 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L<br>Applications 7-Epiclindamycin 2-Phosphate (Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000), a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. Antibacterial.<br>References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970); Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970); Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972); Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Desmethyl Rifaximin is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Eribulin binds microtubules, halts cancer cell growth, treating metastatic breast cancer.</p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin (C482500).<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A Florfenicol (F405750) intermediate as antibacterial agent.<br>References Kim, E, et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 665, (1996), Keyes, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 421 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins, containing at least 80% of avermectin B1a (C48H72O14) and not more than 20% of avermectin B1b (C47H70O14). Used as acaricide, insecticide, Cannabis pesticide detection.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, S., et al.: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 97, 373 (1982); Greenblatt, J.A., et al.: J. Agric. Entomol., 3, 233 (1986); Drexler, G., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 99, 269 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Aztreonam intermediate.<br>References Indelicato, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 75, 304 (1986), Kline, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 8, 73 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications An orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to Naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Antifungal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985), Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Homoharringtonine (HHT) combined with some botanical drugs could induce cancer cells to resemble normal cells. HHT was prepared by a semi-synthetic method from Cephalotaxine, a major alkaloid of Cepahlotaxus species through the formation of α-ketoester harringtonine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Baaske, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 12, 298 (1977), Tipping, A., et al.: Leukemia, 16, 2349 (2002), Marin, D., et al.: Cancer, 103, 1850 (2005), Levy, V., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 95, 253 (2006), de Lavallade, H., et al.: Blood, 2779 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Cycloserine is an irreversible inhibitor of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthetase.<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxicillin Closed-loop Dimer is a dimer of Amoxicillin(A634528) which is an antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled N-Demethyl Rifampicin (D231250). N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Azithromycin-d5, is the labeled analogue Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Oxide (Azithromycin EP Impurity L) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid (L466500) intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity H ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound H<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (R)-α-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)amino]-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity H), is an Amoxicillin (A634235) related compound.<br>References Valvo, L., et al.: J. Chromatography A, 797, 311 (1998); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Terbinafine EP Impurity E Dihydrochloride Salt<br>Applications A Terbinafine dimeric impurity of the antifungal agent Terbinafine (T107500), an orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to Naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Antifungal. Also an impurity of SF 86-327 an antimycotic agent (2).<br>References 1. Petranyi G. et al.: Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41. 2. Ryder, N et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Feb;27(2):252-6.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Ivermectin B1 Aglycon is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity N<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications An immunosuppressant that blocks T cell proliferation in vitro by inhibiting the generation of several lymphokines, especially IL-2. Shown to inhibit the activity of FK-506 binding protein, thereby reversing its effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+2 release.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Asano, K., et al.: In Vivo, 10, 537 (1996), McCall, E., et al.: Circ. Res., 79, 1110 (1996), Raufman, J.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 19877 (1996), Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996), Knoll, G.A., and Bell, R.C.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ivermectin B1 Mono-sugar Derivative is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications Novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Amino-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid Hydroiodide, is an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100). Ceftazidime impurity B.<br>References Miyake, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 486, 182 (1989), Seibert, G., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 1084 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications A metabolite of Azithromycin. Azithromycin Impurity E<br>References Bright, G., et al.: J. Antibiotics., 41, 1029 (1988), Amacher, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 1186 (1991), Peters, D., et al.: Drugs, 44, 750 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q<br>Applications Clarithromycin N-oxide (Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q) is an urinary metabolite of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Jones, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 631 (1972), Watanabe, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 46, 647 (1983), Ohmori, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 358 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lasalocid A Sodium Salt is a coccidiostat (for poultry).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Shimoda, M., et al.: J. Food Sci., 59, 231 (1994); Robinson, B., et al.: Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol., 48, 122 (1992); Lesnefsky, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 47961 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde is a benzaldehyde with a nitro group in the para position. It is used as a reagent in decarboxylative aldol reactions that are catalyzed by lipases and proteases in organic co-solvent mixtures.<br>References Chaurasia, P.K., et al.: Synthetic Commun., 44, 2535 (2014); Ishikawa, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 7011 (2013); Jiang, L., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 36, 99 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Moenomycin complex is an antibiotic and selective inhibitor of the transglycosylation step. Flavomycin (bambermycins) is an antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for swine, poultry and cattle.<br>References Crossland, W. et al.: J. Animal Sci., 95, 4554 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tilmicosin Phosphate Salt is the phosphate salt of the semi-synthetic antibiotic derivative. It can be used in biological study and pharmacological activity of bactericidal effects of various concentrations of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin phosphate, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica from cattle.<br>References Blondeau, J., et al.: Am J Vet Res, 76, 860 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phosphocholine ester metabolite of the immunosuppressant macrolide SDZ RAD (also known as Everolimus E945400) which is an analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000).<br>References Zollinger, M. et al.: Drug. Metab. Disp., 36, 1457 (2008); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxidectin EP Impurity K<br>Applications 5-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl)moxidectin is an impurity of moxidectin (M744800), a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin Zinc is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.<br>References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);<br></p>