Carbohidratos y glucoconjugados

<p>Heparin is a linear sulphated polysaccharide comprising contiguous disaccharide units of a uronic acid and a derivative of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. The heparin tetrasaccharide can be obtained from the degradation of heparin with the lyase enzymes isolated from Flavobacterium heparinum, which yields oligosaccharides terminated at the non-reducing end by the unsaturated unit, 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyl uronic acid or its 2-0-sulphated derivative. The major product following lyase degradation is the trisulphated derivative DUA-2S + GlcNS-6S (unsaturated disaccharide). Other oligosaccharides such as the tetrasaccharide, illustrated below, can be produced by the lytic degradation of heparin (Moffat, 1991).</p>

<p>Methyl syringate 4-O-beta-D-gentiobiose is a modification, which is an oligosaccharide carbohydrate complex. It is synthesized by custom synthesis and has a high purity. It is a CAS number and has the molecular formula C12H20O9. This compound can be found in nature as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide sugar. The methylation of this compound can produce methyl syringate 4-O-beta-D-gentiobiose.</p>

<p>Cellobionic acid is produced by oxidative enzymes working on cellulose.  These compounds have found application in cosmetic antiaging formulations, moisturizers, and peels, and in treatment products to improve hyperpigmentation and acne. The bionic acids such as cellobionic acid offer the benefits of α-hydroxyacids without irritation. They also provide additional antioxidant/chelation, barrier strengthening, and moisturizing effects.</p>

<p>Used for making baked goods, soft drinks, sweets, alcoholic drinks, and infant food. It is also used to produce the sugar substitute maltitol.</p>

<p>Produced from starch; white hygroscopic spray-dried powder; easily digestible</p>

<p>Methyl 4-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycosylated oligosaccharide, which is a polysaccharide composed of various monosaccharides. Methyl 4-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a mannosylated derivative of the sugar, methyl 4-O-(a -D-mannopyranosyl) b -D -mannopyranoside. This sugar can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other sugars and carbohydrates. It has also been used to synthesize glycoproteins for use in immunology research.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,6 -deoxy--a-,D-,galactopyranosyl--Fmoc--L--threonine tert--but yl ester is a synthetic carbohydrate that contains 2 acetamido groups and 3 O-(2,3,4,6 tetra O acetyl b D galactopyranosyl) groups. The chemical name for this compound is 2 Acetamido 3 O (2 3 4 6 tetra O acetyl b D galactopyranosyl) 4 6 di O acetyl 2 deoxy a D galactopyranosyl Fmoc L threonine tert but yl ester. It has been synthesized by the Click modification reaction of an oligos</p>

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid-OVA refers to ovalbumin that has been conjugated with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid. Sialic acids are important components of glycan structures and play various roles in biological processes, such as cell-cell interactions, immune response, and pathogen recognition. Conjugation of ovalbumin with N-acetylneuraminic acid can be used as a tool to study sialic acid-mediated biological phenomena or as an immunogen to elicit a specific immune response.</p>

<p>Heparin is a carbohydrate that is derived from the mucopolysaccharide heparin. It is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a chain of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. Heparin is used as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clotting, which may occur due to injury or during surgery. Heparin's use in medicine has been limited by its low solubility and rapid clearance from the body. Recently, it has been modified with a fluorine atom on the sugar ring, which increases their solubility and bioavailability. Click chemistry can be used to attach other molecules to the saccharide ammonium salt in order to modify the properties of heparin. This modification can be done with methyl groups or glycosyl groups, and it can also be done with other sugars such as galactose or glucose.</p>

<p>The bianntennary N-linked core pentasaccharide is an oligosaccharide that contains a biantennary glycan and a high purity. This product can be custom synthesized with custom modifications. The bianntennary N-linked core pentasaccharide is an excellent substrate for Click modification, fluorination, and glycosylation reactions. It has been shown to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the guinea pig erythrocyte assay. This product has been methylated at the 6 position of the sugar moiety to yield a modified form.</p>

<p>Produced by the reverse hydrolysis of a mannose substrate.  Isolated from the partial hydrolysates of bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mannan.  This disaccharide also forms the sugar portion of the phospholipid, phosphatidylinositodimannoside, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p>

<p>Inulin is a naturally occurring plant carbohydrate that is present in over 36,000 species of plants. Inulin can be found in the roots, tubers, and leaves of various plants. It is used as a food additive and as an ingredient in dietary supplements. Inulin has been shown to have clinical relevance for energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. It has also been shown to be effective against inflammatory bowel disease when used as a prebiotic. Isomalt (inositol hexaphosphate) is an artificial sweetener that is often used in sugar-free products such as chewing gum or candy. Anthelmintic drugs are medications that kill worms, which may include nematodes or cestodes. Probiotics are live bacteria that can provide health benefits to humans when consumed in adequate amounts. Acid formation refers to the process by which the stomach produces hydrochloric acid to digest food during digestion. Symptoms of bowel disease include diarrhea and abdominal pain. Water vapor refers to water molecules</p>

<p>Trehalose hexaacetate is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of methylation and fluorination, which are post-translational modifications that are important for the function of proteins. Trehalose hexaacetate also has a high degree of glycosylation, which makes it an excellent candidate for complex carbohydrate synthesis. The compound can be custom synthesized with high purity and at low cost.</p>

<p>Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units of 1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and 1, 4-glucuronic acid.  This tetrasaccharide and other enzymatically produced polymer homologs have been of value in the study of hyaluronic acid metabolism in both healthy and diseased tissues (Hascall, 2019).</p>

<p>2'-O-Fucosyllactulose is a modified carbohydrate that has been synthesized from a natural source. It is an oligosaccharide that contains the monosaccharide, fucose. This product can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and glycosylation reactions. 2'-O-Fucosyllactulose has been methylated, fluorinated, and glycosylated, which makes it suitable for use as a sugar in biotechnology applications.</p>

<p>Human milk oligosaccharide; binds cholera toxin TcdA</p>

<p>Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosylation product of the natural sugar, galactose. It is a synthetic compound that has been modified with methyl groups and fluorine to form an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside can be used as a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Sodium Trigalacturonate (α-1,4 sodium galacturonotriose) is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis (Combo, 2012). It is used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterize endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s) (Jayani, 2005). The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, and tetra-galacturonate oligosaccharides, restore development in dark-grown, de-etiolated seedling mutants, suggesting that they are unable to generate de-methylesterified pectin fragments. A model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types has been proposed, that contains overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development (Sinclair, 2017).</p>

<p>For more than two decades, there has been substantial interest in developing novel membrane mimics specifically targeted for the biochemical and biophysical characterization of membrane proteins. Examples include new types of detergents, such as cycloalkyl maltosides (CYMAL detergents).</p>

<p>Blood group antigen conjugated to spacer and biotin</p>

<p>The compound is an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate. The product is custom synthesized and has been modified by fluorination. It is a high purity, synthetic monosaccharide sugar that is methylated.</p>

<p>A MurNAc disaccharide</p>

<p>GM1 pentasaccharide biotin (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the inner galactose residue and biotin linked β to position 1 on the reducing glucose moiety (Ledeen, 2009). The parent ganglioside GM1 is abundant in all mammalian brains, where it covers 10%-20% of the total ganglioside mixture. It is found in epithelial membranes and is a key element for bacterial toxicity and viral infection as it is the intestinal receptor for cholera toxin the B-subunits of heat-labile toxin, rotavirus, and simian virus 40. GM1 ganglioside functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective compound and has been used therapeutically for diabetic and peripheral neuropathies. GM1 ganglioside also has the ability to bind amyloid-β proteins and is involved in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis (Chiricozzi, 2020).</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-levulinoyl-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-tert butyldimethylsilyl 3,O benzyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a synthetic oligosaccharide. This glycosylation product is soluble in water and has CAS No. of 81238.</p>

<p>Ex algal/bacterial polysaccharides-value in b1-3 glucanase assays &amp; diagnostics</p>

<p>Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) is a novel synthetic lipid that has been shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. This compound may act as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling and TLR4-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. TDB also inhibits HIV infection by interfering with CD4+ T cell function and decreasing the number of CD4+ cells in the gut. In addition, TDB has been shown to be effective against lps-induced inflammatory response in cell culture.</p>

<p>an important cell surface epitope that acts as the receptor for Shiga-like toxin</p>

<p>Alpha-1,4-glucopentasaccharide derived from starch by hydrolysis and chromatography</p>

<p>Mainly a mixture of Lacto-N-tetraose, Lacto-N-neo-tetraose, Lactodifucotetraose</p>

<p>Substrate for cellulases</p>

<p>Glycyl-lacto-N-fucopentaose VI is a polysaccharide that is synthesized by the enzymatic activity of glycosylase, methylase, and fluorinase. It can be modified with click chemistry to introduce a fluorine atom at the C4 position of the glucose molecule. This modification can be used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Glycyl-lacto-N-fucopentaose VI has CAS number 108897-96-5 and is available in high purity and custom synthesis.</p>

<p>6-Sialylgalacto-N-biosyl-serine is a custom synthesis product that has been fluorinated and modified. The material is an Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide, Carbohydrate, Fluorination, complex carbohydrate with a CAS number of 60919-07-2. It is highly pure with a purity of &gt; 98% by HPLC analysis. The modification on the sugar molecule includes Click chemistry and Methylation. The monosaccharide sugar is the saccharide part of the molecule.</p>

<p>1,6-Anhydrochitobiose is an anhydosugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides</p>

<p>Sodium alginate is a biocompatible polymer that is used in the treatment of wastewater. It is a water-soluble substance that forms a viscous solution when dissolved in water. Sodium alginate has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, as well as to reduce the number of coliforms and other microorganisms in water. The potential for an alginate to be biocompatible depends on its chemical structure, with Laminaria Hyperborea being the most biocompatible. Alginates have been shown to have surface properties that are similar to those of natural tissue, making them useful for wound dressings.</p>

<p>Sodium Pentagalacturonate, (β-1,4 sodium Pentagalacturonate) is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis (Combo, 2012). It is used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterize endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s) (Jayani, 2005). The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, tetra-galacturonate, and penta-galacturonate oligosaccharides, restore development in dark-grown, de-etiolated seedling mutants, suggesting that they are unable to generate de-methylesterified pectin fragments. A model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types has been proposed, that contains overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development (Sinclair, 2017).</p>

<p>Produced from starch by partial hydrolysis. White hygroscopic spray-dried powder, easily digestible, either moderately sweet or almost flavorless (depending on the degree of polymerisation).</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy -2 -phthalimido -b -D -glucopyrano side is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate. It has a CAS number of 140615‑82‑3 and can be found in glycosylations, carbohydrates, methylation, sugar, fluorination. It is high purity with a lot of modifications.</p>

<p>Glycyl-asialo, galactosylated biantennary is a high purity custom synthesis of sugar. Glycyl-asialo, galactosylated biantennary is custom synthesized by the click modification of glycosylation and fluorination with methylation and modification. The CAS number for glycyl-asialo, galactosylated biantennary is **********.</p>

<p>Man-8 Glycan, 2-AB labelled is a carbohydrate, modification. It is a saccharide that has been fluorinated and modified with methylation and glycosylation. It has a CAS number of 7071-83-0, and is available for custom synthesis. This product has high purity, is synthetic, and can be modified with a click modification. The molecular weight of this product is 604.</p>

<p>Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system</p>

<p>1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose is a sugar that belongs to the group of xylooligosaccharides. It is an enzymatic inactivator that binds to the enzyme hydrolase family. Xylooligosaccharides are found in plant cell walls, where they can be used as a carbon source by termites. 1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose has been shown to be most active against neutral ph, but it is not active against acidic ph. The enzyme hydrolase family is inhibited by binding with 1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose and this prevents hydrolysis of carbohydrates, which includes glycosidic bonds.br&gt;br&gt;<br>1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose has also been shown to be beneficial for sustainable agriculture practices as it inhibits enzymes that break down xylooligosaccharides</p>

<p>This is a custom synthesis that is a complex carbohydrate. It has been modified, glycosylated, and methylated to create a saccharide with an Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide. This product is fluorinated, custom synthesized, and has high purity. The CAS number for this product is 77154-70-2.</p>

<p>Neutral disaccharide naturally present in human breast milk and possible bifidus factor, acceptor for the Helicobacter pylori enzyme α1,2-fucosyltransferase and disaccharide involved in the expression of Lewis blood group antigens.</p>

<p>O-(2,2',3,3',4',6,6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-b-D-maltosyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide is a methylating reagent that is used in the synthesis of glycosides. It can be used to modify saccharides and polysaccharides with the desired sugar moiety.</p>

<p>Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics</p>

<p>Chitobiose is a dimer formed by beta-1,4-linked glucosamine units.<br>It is also the repeated dimer of chitin, a polysaccharide.</p>

<p>Chitotriose trihydrochloride is a modification of chitin, an oligosaccharide. Chitotriose trihydrochloride is a synthetic carbohydrate which is used as a raw material for the production of fibers, films, and adhesives. It can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen. Chitotriose trihydrochloride is a high purity carbohydrate with CAS No. 41708-93-4 that can be used to produce glycosylated proteins or polysaccharides.</p>

<p>Produced from high maltose syrup by treatment with transglucosidase</p>

<p>Ganglioside GM3 (sodium salt) has a core disaccharide structure (Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the galactose residue and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). Ganglioside GM3 is strongly associated with human tumors, such as: lung, brain and melanomas, where it is over expressed. It is seen as a possible tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen for cancer immunotherapy (Changping, 2019). GM3 ganglioside is implicated in various other diseases involving chronic inflammation, such as: insulin resistance, leptin resistance, T-cell function and immune disorders (e.g., allergic asthma). It has also been shown to play an essential role in murine and human auditory systems, and a common pathological feature of GM3S deficiency is deafness (Inokuchi, 2018).</p>

<p>4-Aminophenyl 3-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic, high purity, custom synthesis carbohydrate that is modified with fluorination and glycosylation. It is a sugar that has a molecular weight of 578.5, and its CAS Number is 68856-68-2. 4-Aminophenyl 3-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside can be used in applications such as Click modification, fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation. This carbohydrate has many uses including being an intermediate for saccharide or complex carbohydrate synthesis.</p>