Esteroides y derivados

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Fluocinolone acetonide-21-aldehyde, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Dehydroandrostenedione, is a dehydrated analogue of 4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione (A637705). It is a steroid hormone, and also a derivative of Androstenedione (A637550), which is a Testosterone precursor and metabolite with androgenic activity.<br>References Walker, V.R., et al.: Anal. Biopchem., 234, 194 (1996), King, D.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 281, 2020 (1999), Grosser, B. et al.: Steroids. 8, 915 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Applications Δ5-Avenasterol is an analog of Stigmasterol (S686750); a plant sterol that is used as a precursor in the synthesis of progesterone.<br>References Han, P., et al.: Biotechnol. App. Biochem., 54, 105 (2009); Matsunaga, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 393, 222 (2009); Huang, C., et al.: Plant Physiol., 150, 1192 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Eplerenone, which is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br></p>

<p>Applications A synthetic progestin largely used in hormone therapy, on the central nervous system by studying two markers of the neuroendocrine function: the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and the opioid .beta.-endorphin. Progestogen.<br>References Bernardi, F., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 138, 316 (1998), Rupprecht, R., et al.: Steroids, 64, 83 (1999), Uzunova, V., et al.: Brain Res., 976, 1 (2003), Pluchino, N., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 102, 205 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits the development of uterus decidua. Estrogenic activity.<br>References Pollard, I. &amp; Martin, L.; Steroids, 11, 897 (1968)<br></p>

<p>Applications 14,15-Dehydro Triamcinolone Acetonide is a derivative of Triamcinolone acetonide. A corticosteroid.<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-β-Hydroxyandrosterone is a steroid metabolite of Andosterone (A637535), and is one of the major hormones monitored (in urine) when testing athletes for anabolic steroid usage.<br>References Flenker, U., et al.: Steroids, 73, 408 (2008); Norli, H., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 24, 83 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics, used primarily to treat ascites in patients with liver disease, low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn’s syndrome.<br>References Sutter, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 431 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a urinary metabolite of Androstenedione (A637550) in patients with Addison's disease and also used as a marker in blood plasma for detection of prostate cancer.<br>References Lokhov, P.G. et al.: Metabolomics, 6, 156 (2010); Bonnaire, Y. et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 19, 175 (1995); Tamm, J. et al.: Steroids, 8, 659 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Spironolactone.<br>References Gochman, N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 135, 312 (1962), Tori, K., et al.: Steroids, 4, 713 (1964), Solymoss, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appli. Pharmacol., 18, 586 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications Secondary metabolite of Cholesterol.<br>References Notaro, G., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 55, 1588 (1992), Aydogmus, Z., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 18, 43 (2004), Mao, S., et al.: J. Nat. Prod ., 69, 1209 (2006), Shoji, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 884 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasone Butyrate EP Impurity H<br>Applications Clobetasone-17-propionate is derived from Clobetasol (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity G) (C583490), which is a topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Isovitamin D3 is a metabolite of Vitamin D. Studies show that Isovitamin D3 is biologically active in normal rats but inactive in anephric rats.<br>References Holick, M.F. et al.: Science, 180, 964 (1973); Wilczek, H. et al.: Prak. Lek., 59, 794 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-propanamide is an impurity of flutamide (F598850). Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Neri, et al.: Endocrinology, 91, 427 (1972), Sogani, P.C., et al.: J. Urol., 122, 640 (1979), Greenway, B.A., et al.: Br. Med. J., 316, 1935 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Estradiol.<br>References Bucala, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 60, 841 (1985), Telang, N., et al.: Anticancer Res., et al.: 11, 1021 (1991), Seeger, H., et al.: Med. Sci. Res., 26, 481 (1998), Bolton, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 135 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dutasteride α-Dimer is a dimer impurity of Dutasteride (D735000); a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2. Dutasteride is structurally related to Finasteride (F342000) and is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br>References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995); Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999); Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Betamethasone 6α-Bromo 17-Valerate is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity H<br>Applications 9,11-Anhydrobudesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity H) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689460), a non-halogenated glucocorticoid intended for the local treatment of lung disease.<br>References Ryrfeldt, Å., et al.: Eur. J. Respir. Dis., 122, 86 (1981); Vestbo, J., et al.: Lancet, 353, 1819 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Anti-inflammatory.<br>References Buchwald, P., et al.: Steroids, 73, 193 (2008), Holbeck, S., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 24, 1287 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity C<br>Applications 21-Chloro-9-fluoro-11β,17-dihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clobetasol 17-Propionate (C583500), an topical corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties.<br>References Sugai, S., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 31, 12 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Hydroxy Estrone 1-N7-Guanine is an estrogen metabolite formed with DNA which can lead to the mutations that initiate breast, prostate, and other types of cancer. Estrogen-DNA depurinating adducts as biomarkers of cancer risk and their use in cancer detection and prevention.<br>References Chakravarti, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 456, 17 (2000), Liehr, J., et al.: Endocr. Rev., 21, 4054 (2000), Chakravarti, D., et al.: Oncogene, 20, 7945 (2001), Cavalieri, E., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 1041 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A glucocorticoid that inhibits prolyl hydroxylase activity and used as an antiasthmatic and antiallergic drug.<br>References Kos-Kudla, B. et al.; J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 28, 103 (2003); Hochhaus, G. et al.; Pharmaceut. Res., 7, 558 (1990); Counts, D. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 15, 99 (1979); Cutroneo, K. et al.; Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 632 (1975); Cutroneo, K. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 44 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pregnenolone-d6 is the labeled analogue of Pregnenolone (P712200), a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus. It is a modulator of cytochrome P 450-3A.<br>References Bjondahl, K., et al.: Med. Biol., 54, 454 (1976); Geick, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14581 (2001); Johnson, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 66, 16 (2002); Abe, C., et al.: Lipids, 42, 637 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A deuterated metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Finasteride is an azasteroid and 5β-isomeric impurity of Finasteride (F342000).<br>References Cendrowska, I. et al.: J. Liq. Chrom. Rel. Technol., 22, 2259 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Medroxyprogesterone, an orally active progestogen used in hormone replacement therepy (HRT), in the past has been used as a component of oral contraceptives.<br>References Pan, Q., et al.: Mol. Hum. Reprod., 13, 797 (2007), Matsson, P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 19 (2007), Jukosky, J.A., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 81, 230 (2008), Cherkasov, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 2047 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A synthetic, anabolic steroid. Used to promote muscle growth and combat involuntary weight loss. It has also been used to treat cases of osteoporosis.<br>References Cadwallader, A., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 689 (2010), Amundson, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol., 95, 1355 (2010), Bovee, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 85 (2010), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Metabolite of Testosterone (T155000).<br>References Shibata, N., et al.: Biochem. J., 368, 783 (2002), Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 83, 136 (2005), Schulze, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 2500 (2008), Sten, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 417 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Enanthate is a derivative of testosterone (T155000), the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells.<br>References Janjic, M.M., et al.: Reproduct. Toxicol., 34, 686 (2012); Lacreuse, A., et al.: Physiol. Behaviour., 106, 229 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4’-Hydroxy Dutasteride is an impurity of Dutasteride (D735000), a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br>References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Exemestane; exerts biological effects as an androgen.<br>References Howell, A., et al.: Lancet, 365, 60 (2005), Goss, P., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 10, 5717 (2004), Buzdar, A., et al.: Lancet Oncol., 7, 633 (2006), Coates, A., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 25, 486 (2007), Jordan, V., et al.: Steroids, 72, 7 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Prednicarbate (P703700).<br>References Kumar, R., et al.: Steroids, 64, 310 (1999), Kauppi, B., et al.: Biol. Chem., 278, 22748 (2003), Buchwald, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 883 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Agasan, A., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods., 177, 251 (1994), Stone, R., et al.: Science, 265, 308 (1994), Tacey, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2, 1303 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications (20S)-21-Hydroxy-20-methylpregn-4-en-3-one is a side chain degradation product of natural sterols. It is also an intermediate in the preparation of follicular fluid-meiosis activating sterol.<br>References Andor, A. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 6554 (2006); Blume, T. et al.: Org, Lett., 5, 1837 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Methylhydrocortisone.<br>References Wang, C., et al.: Steroids, 66, 811 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone ester. Testosterone 17-Valerate has been a useful compound in the development of immunochemical techniques for detection of anabolic androgenic steroids in food supplements.<br>References Ruelle, P., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 157, 219 (1997), de la Torre, X., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 645 (2001), Adat, S., et al.: Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 1, 334 (2004), Holubova, B., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 245, 1011 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications (7α,11α,12α,17α)-11,12-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic Acid Lactone, Methyl Ester is an impurity of eplerenone (E588775). Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinestrol is an estrogen-like compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone (M343975).<br>References Ringler, I., et al.: Metabolism, 13, 37 (1964), Gagne, D., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 25, 315 (1986), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Hild, S., et al.: Hum. Reprod., 15, 822 (2000), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Budesonide (B689490), a non-halogenated glucocorticoid related to triamcinolone hexacetonide. Used as an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Ryrfeldt., A., et a.: J. Steroid Biochem., 10, 317 (1979), Roth, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 69, 766 (1980), Edsbaecker, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 15, 412 (1987),<br></p>