Monosacáridos

Inhibitor of α-glucosidase with applications in diabetes therapy for control of post-prandial blood glucose fluctuations. The compound inhibits the digestive breakdown of complex carbohydrates to absorbable monosaccharides and smoothens hyperglycaemic peaks in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It also possesses anti-obesity effects thanks to activation of brown adipose tissue and increasing energy expenditure.

Benzoate is a carboxylic acid that is found in many fruits and vegetables. Benzoate can be metabolized by the body to form hydrogen chloride, which may cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. This chemical has been shown to have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells in vitro. Benzoate also has an anti-inflammatory effect on insulin resistance and can be used as a topical treatment for psoriasis. The mechanism by which benzoate exerts its anticancer activity is not fully understood, but it may involve the production of reactive oxygen species or induction of apoptosis.

4-Hydroxypropofol 1-O-b-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of propofol that is found in human urine. It can be detected by chromatography and UV spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxypropofol 1-O-b-D-glucuronide has been shown to have radical scavenging activity and can be used as an analytical reagent for the validation of analytical methods. This compound has also been analysed for its cytotoxic and antiinflammatory effects on the cytosol of cultured cells, with promising results.

1,4-Anhydro-D-mannitol is a sugar alcohol that belongs to the group of alditols. It is a tautomer of galactitol, which is found in fetal bovine serum. The dehydrated form of this compound has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. 1,4-Anhydro-D-mannitol may be used as an intermediate in the production of polymers or as a cosmeceutical agent due to its high water solubility and low toxicity.

13-cis-Retinoyl b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic compound that can be modified to create a wide range of potential products. 13-cis-Retinoyl b-D-glucuronide is an oligosaccharide with a carbohydrate that may be glycosylated or polysaccharided. It has been custom synthesized and fluorinated, methylated, and monosaccharided. This product is extremely pure and can be used for many applications in the biomedical field.

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chemical that is extracted from the rhizoma gastrodiae. It is used to treat symptoms of damaged ganglion cells in diabetic patients. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside inhibits chloride channels in neurons by binding with the extracellular receptor site and thereby preventing the influx of chloride ions. This leads to reduced neuronal excitability and decreased symptoms of damaged ganglion cells in diabetic patients. 2,3,4,6 Tetra O acetyl 4 (hydroxymethyl) phenyl b D glucopyranoside has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on structural formula and environmental pollution.

An anhydro thio sugar

An anhydro thio sugar

L-Glycero-D-manno-heptose is a polymyxin B antimicrobial agent that has been shown to have significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This compound also has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-negative species such as Salmonella enterica. L-Glycero-D-manno-heptose inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan by binding to the terminal residues of oligosaccharides, which are linked to D-alanine in the peptidoglycan chain. The terminal residues of oligosaccharides are transferred from the lipid carrier to L-glycero-D manno heptose, forming a stable acylated glycoside. This reaction mechanism is similar to that of polymyxin B, but with a difference in reactivity due to steric hindrance.

a-D-Glucoheptonic acid sodium salt is a compound that has been shown to modulate the immune system. It also has been used in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient and as a carrier for diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-5-alkynyl-L-fucose is a per-O-acetylated version of 5-alkynyl-L-fucose, an inhibitor of the cellular fucosylation pathway. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-5-alkynyl-L-fucose can pass through the eukaryotic cell membrane somewhat better than 5-alkynyl-L-fucose can itself, is deacetylated by cellular esterases and interferes with the biosynthesis of the fucosyl-donor and fucosyltransferase substrate GDP-Fuc, thus reducing fucosylation levels during glycoprotein biosynthesis (Dekkers, 2016).

N-Nonyldeoxygalactonojirimycin (NDGJ) is a novel antiviral agent that inhibits the activity of viral enzymes, such as polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase. NDGJ has been shown to inhibit the replication of hepatitis viruses in primary cells and human macrophages. The drug also inhibits the replication of human pathogens, such as HIV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1, and cytomegalovirus in cell culture. NDGJ has an effect on hydrophobic amino acids in protein synthesis by binding to them and preventing their attachment to the ribosomal surface. This leads to cell lysis through a process called osmotic shock.

3-Phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid that has been shown to have inhibitory properties. It has been used as an analytical method for the diagnosis of bronchial reactivity. The high resistance of 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside to oxidation and reduction make it an interesting candidate for antiinflammatory agents. When testing the effects of this compound on human bronchial tissue, it was found that 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside inhibited allergic symptoms by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are released in response to allergens and other irritants in the airways. The use of this compound may be useful in the treatment of asthma patients who suffer from allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or animal dander.

UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is a drug that is used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. It is an inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the glucuronidation of estrone and other substrates. The binding affinity of UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt can be increased by mutating the enzyme to increase its kinetic rate. This drug has been shown to inhibit estrogen production in recombinant human liver cells as well as in human liver cells. Mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme have also been associated with variations in estrogen levels, specifically high rates.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 6-Deoxy-D-talose is an derivative of D-Talose (T005560), a monosaccharide sugar that can convert between aldose and ketose forms in pyridine in the presence of aluminum oxide.
References Davies, S.G., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 3, 348 (2005);

Applications Useful substrate for the rapid colorimetric assay of N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in human urine.
References Muruhn, D.: Clin. Chim. Acta, 73, 453 (1976)

Applications D-Erythrulose is a tetrose carbohydrate that is used in various self-tanning cosmetics combined with dihydroxyacetone.
References Maeda, M., et al.: J. Biochem., 123, 602 (1998); Baykal, A., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 34, 380 (2006);