Oligosaccharides

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is a synthetic carbohydrate that belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. It is a glycosylation product of N-acetylneuraminic acid and has been modified with fluorine, methylation, and click chemistry. N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is used as a reagent in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and has been shown to be useful for structural analysis. The CAS number for this compound is:</p>

<p>Lewis B pentasaccharide is a custom-synthesized carbohydrate that belongs to the Modification, saccharide, Oligosaccharide, sugar category. It is an oligosaccharide with a non-reducing end and a reducing end. Lewis B pentasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized from monosaccharides by glycosylation and methylation reactions. This product has high purity and it can be used in research for its fluoroquinolone resistance properties.</p>

<p>70% β-D-Lactose is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce tablets. It acts as a nutrient and as a filler in pills. It is also utilized in the dilution of heroin and to sweeten some beers.</p>

<p>Lividamine is a protein synthesis inhibitor that has biphasic responses in animal studies. Lividamine inhibits the enzyme catalysis of aminoglycosides, which are used for the treatment of bacterial infections. It also blocks the biosynthesis of polypeptides, which are essential for cell growth and division. Lividamine binds to the hydroxyl group or carboxylate group on an amino acid, cleaving it from the peptide chain and stopping protein synthesis. Lividamine has been shown to be effective against bacteria in vitro assays. Further research is required to determine its clinical properties.</p>

<p>Neutral octasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk.</p>

<p>GD1b oligosaccharide (shown as ammonium salt) is the carbohydrate moiety in one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes; it has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1b ganglioside acts as a receptor for BK virus as well as for heat-labile LTII-a toxin, produced by enteropathogenic E. coli. GD1b ganglioside also interacts with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012). The functional significance of ammonia in the brain is not yet fully understood. However, NH4 + stimulates Na+, K+ activated ATPase causing stabilization of the neuronal membranes of which gangliosides are major structural components. Further, ammonia is known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes which include enzymes degrading gangliosides (Modi, 1994).</p>

<p>N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-spacer-BSA is a synthetic, monosaccharide oligosaccharide, complex carbohydrate. The glycosylation of BSA with N-glycolylneuraminic acid has been shown to be an effective method for the protection of biomolecules against fluoroquinolones. Glycosylation with N-glycolylneuraminic acid can be used as a method for the protection of biomolecules from fluoroquinolone antibiotics and other chemical reagents that are known to react with sugars.</p>

<p>Gala1-3Galb1-3GlcNAc-HSA is a synthetic glycosylation product of Galactose, Glucose and Galactosamine with Hexose. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used to modify proteins with the sugar group. The sugar group is synthesized by the Click modification of a monosaccharide and then methylated. The sugar group is attached to HSA via an N-acetylhexosamine linker. This product has been shown to have high purity and can be used in many applications such as fluorination, methylation, click modification, or complex carbohydrate research.</p>

Lipopolysaccharides are a heterogeneous group of molecules that include endotoxins, lipid A, and core oligosaccharide. They are released from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria as a result of bacterial lysis. Lipopolysaccharides are potent activators of immune cells, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). TNF-α is also known to induce the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12. Lipopolysaccharides have been shown to cause liver damage in animals by increasing plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. This may also be due to their ability to induce the production of malondialdehyde and c-reactive protein.

1-Deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose is a drug that has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the production of dinitrophenol, leading to a decrease in the level of reactive oxygen species. The drug binds to lysine residues of proteins and forms adducts with physiological function. 1-Deoxy-1-morpholino-D-fructose also inhibits human serum albumin concentration, which may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative DNA damage. This drug has been shown to be effective in vivo for treating autoimmune diseases and diabetes.

<p>2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin is a water-soluble drug that is chemically stable in aqueous media. It has been shown to be safe for use in the eye, with no significant side effects. 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and will not cause hemolytic activity. 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin binds to retinoic acid receptors, which are found on cells of the corneal surface and in human spermatozoa. The binding of retinoic acid inhibits the production of enzymes that break down retinoids and prevents cell proliferation. This agent also interacts with other cellular components such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and hormones.</p>

<p>Tetrasaccharide; tumor-associated antigen; prognostic factor</p>

<p>Digalacturonic acid (DGA) (α-1,4 galacturonobiose), is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis. It is used in the co-crystallization of enzymes such as proteinase K. It is also used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterized endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s).</p>

<p>Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units of β-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and β-1, 4-glucuronic acid. A series of unsaturated oligosaccharides (oligouronic acids) are released from hyaluronic acid by the action of hyaluronidase on the umbilical cord (Weissman, 1954). This octasaccharide ammonium salt and other enzymatically produced polymer homologs have been of value in the study of hyaluronic acid metabolism in both healthy and diseased tissues (Hascall, 2019).</p>

<p>Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is a carbohydrate that is modified by the addition of fluorine at the 3 position. It has CAS number 88274-25-3 and belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-(b, b'-D, galactopyranosyl)-b, D galactopyranoside is a synthetic polymer that is glycosylated with methyl groups. This product can be custom synthesized for your needs.</p>

<p>1,3-a-1,6-a-D-Mannotriose 1-O-propylamine acetate salt is a modified oligosaccharide. It has been synthesized by the reaction of 1,3-a-1,6-a-D-mannopyranosyl bromide with proline amine acetate. This product is 98% pure and can be used as a complex carbohydrate in research or as a food additive. The CAS number for this product is 712092-14-8.</p>

<p>Monofucosyl (1-2)-iso-lacto-N-octaose I is an oligosaccharide found in human milk</p>

<p>Difucosyl (1-2,1-2)-iso-lacto-N-octaose (DFiLNO (1-2,1-2)) is an oligosaccharide that is found in human milk</p>

<p>Tri-guluronic acid sodium salt (1,4-linked α-L-sodium guluronotriose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences. This oligosaccharide can be released by acid hydrolysis (Shimokawa, 1996) and a number of biological activities have been discussed in a recent review (Xing, 2020).</p>

<p>a-D-Lactose 1-phosphate barium salt is a modification of a D-lactose monosaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized using the polyol method. The CAS number for this product is 103404-65-5. This product is available in high purity and the molecular weight of this compound is 576. a-D-Lactose 1-phosphate barium salt can be used as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals, food products, and cosmetics. It has been shown to have anticariogenic activities and may be used as a substitute for sucrose in food products.</p>

<p>Produced by the reverse hydrolysis of a mannose substrate</p>

<p>Tetraose composed of four N-acetylglucosamine residues.</p>

<p>Blood group H pentaose type II is a carbohydrate. It is a saccharide with the molecular formula C5H11O4. The saccharide can be modified, for example by fluorination, methylation and glycosylation. The CAS number for this compound is 30517-76-1. This product is custom synthesized and has high purity and good quality.</p>

<p>Occurs by epimerisation of maltose and transglucosylation</p>

Lacto-N-fucopentaose I-BSA is a Glycosylation, Oligosaccharide, sugar, Synthetic, Fluorination, Custom synthesis, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide.

<p>Produced from high maltose syrup by treatment with transglucosidase</p>

<p>Lewis Y-PAA-biotin is a complex carbohydrate which is synthesized using Click chemistry. This compound has been modified to include a biotin moiety. Lewis Y-PAA-biotin has been shown to be resistant to enzymatic degradation and can be used as a saccharide in the synthesis of polysaccharides. Lewis Y-PAA-biotin is synthesized by attaching poly(acrylamide) (PAA) chains to the sugar moieties of Lewis Y. The carbonyl group on the PAA chains can be fluorinated, which makes it useful for click modification reactions with fluorinated compounds.</p>

<p>Fructo-octasaccharide (FOS) is a synthetic, high-purity carbohydrate that is used in the production of various food and beverage products. FOS is produced by enzymatic synthesis from sucrose and has been modified to include a fluorination step. FOS can be used as a sugar substitute and is found in many foods such as breads, beverages, yogurt, ice cream, candy, and chewing gum. FOS has been shown to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and may help promote healthy digestion.</p>

<p>Synthetic MPLA analog equivalent derived from bacterial LPS</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-thiogalactopyranose is a synthetic disaccharide analog designed for research in glycoscience and biochemistry, particularly for applications in glycosylation-related studies. This compound is synthesized in the laboratory and is not derived from natural sources, allowing for precise structural modifications that facilitate detailed analyses of glycan interactions.The mode of action of this compound involves its role as a mimic of natural glycans, enabling the examination of carbohydrate-protein interactions, enzymatic activity, and glycan recognition processes with high specificity. It can be leveraged as a probe in structural biology to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biological recognition and signaling events mediated by carbohydrate molecules.This compound finds applications in the study of enzymatic hydrolysis, as an inhibitor of glycosidases, and in the synthesis of glycan-based drugs. It is of particular interest in the field of glycobiology for developing therapeutic agents and probing molecular pathways. The high specificity and structural fidelity of 2-Acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-thiogalactopyranose make it an invaluable tool for advancing our understanding of the intricate roles glycans play in biology.</p>

<p>GM4-ganglioside (sodium salt) is a disaccharide of sialic acid linked α2,4 to galactose and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the galactose (Ledeen, 2009). Demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis have decreased amounts of GM4-ganglioside, localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the central nervous system. It has been found that the myelin basic protein is capable of releasing large quantities of entrapped [14C]glucose from multilamellar liposomes containing GM4. If the conformation of GM4 ganglioside in liposomal membranes resembles that of GM4 ganglioside in its natural environment, basic protein and GM4 may be associated within the myelin sheath of the central nervous system and their interactions are altered in demyelinating diseases, such as, multiple sclerosis (Mullin, 1981).</p>

<p>GD1b ganglioside (shown as ammonium salt) is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes. It has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1b ganglioside acts as a receptor for BK virus, as well as for heat-labile LTII-a toxin, produced by enteropathogenic E. coli. GD1b ganglioside also interacts with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012). The functional significance of ammonia in the brain is not yet fully understood: see (Modi 1994).</p>

<p>Asialylated glycosphingolipid and precursor for ganglioside biosynthesis. The compound is a major glycosphingolipid in human neutrophils and is involved in the regulation of superoxides as well as nitric oxide. Moreover, lactosylceramide accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques and is also found elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia and polycystic kidney disease. Animal studies revealed that lactosylceramide induces hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes via signal transduction pathway that is oxygen-sensitive.</p>

<p>Monofucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose IV is a trisaccharide that belongs to the group of blood group antigens. It is found in human milk and can be used as an indicator for infant nutrition. Monofucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose IV is found in the cells of streptococcus, lactobacillus, and clostridium. It has been shown to be a potential biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This molecule has been used as an antigen in immunological assays. The sequences of monofucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose IV have been determined using chromatograms and profiles.</p>

Emulsifier used in the cosmetic industry

<p>Fructodecasaccharide is a methylated, custom-synthesized oligosaccharide that is a polysaccharide with the molecular formula C10H17O11. Fructodecasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a monosaccharide and two disaccharides. It has been modified to include fluorine atoms in the glycosidic linkages between the sugar residues. This modification can alter the physical properties of fructodecasaccharide, such as increasing its solubility and stabilizing its structure. Fructodecasaccharide is used in many industries as a high-purity, synthetic product for use in medical applications, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Neutral octasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>CO2-philic compound; used in pharmaceuticals and CO2-based processes</p>

<p>6'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is a custom synthesis of a 6'-sialyllactose with a biotin moiety attached to the reducing end. The modification was done through fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide synthesis. This product has CAS No. 1384441-62-6 and is an oligosaccharide saccharide that is polysaccharide containing glycosylated sugar. It is also a complex carbohydrate that contains many sugars in one molecule.</p>

<p>Bulk sweetener; viscosity/bodying agent; humectant; cryoprotectant</p>

<p>GM2 ganglioside (sodium salt) has a core trisaccharide structure (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the central galactose residue and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GM2 ganglioside is present on neuronal cells and plays a key role in the regulation of dendritogenesis in cortical pyramidal neurons. In lysosomal storage disorders, such as, Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, where hexosaminases A and B are deficient, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the nervous system (Cachon-Gonzalez, 2018). GM2 ganglioside is also overexpressed in melanomas and other tumours of neuro-ecto origin (Yoshida, 2020). Moreover, the sugar moiety of the GM2 ganglioside is a receptor allowing the viral infection of cells with reovirus and rotavirus (Zhu, 2018).</p>

<p>Inulotriose is a non-digestible carbohydrate that is found in plants. It is composed of fructose molecules linked together by β-2,1 glycosidic bonds. Inulotriose has been shown to have physiological activities such as antiviral and antifungal effects. It also has the ability to produce beneficial bacteria in the gut, which can help with digestion and absorption of nutrients. Inulotriose is a functional sweetener because it does not raise blood sugar levels and may be used as an alternative to sugar in diabetic diets.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine ethyl fluorescein 5-thiourea is a carbohydrate that is custom synthesized by our company. It is a high purity, methylated, glycosylated, and fluorinated compound. This compound has CAS number 476-02-8. N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine ethyl fluorescein 5-thiourea is used in the modification of saccharides and oligosaccharides to study their interactions with enzymes such as glycosidases and nucleases.</p>

<p>Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Gal Conjugated to BSA-good antibody elicitor</p>

<p>Lewis A-PAA-biotin is a modified carbohydrate that is synthesized by the chemical method. It has a purity of 99% and can be used in the fields of medicine, chemistry, and biology. Lewis A-PAA-biotin has many applications including glycosylation, methylation, and click modification. This product can also be used as a high-quality reference standard for organic synthesis.</p>

<p>Methyl a-D-lactose is a carbohydrate which can be used in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is also used for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen, and for the modification of saccharides with fluorine. Methyl a-D-lactose can also be custom synthesized to meet specific needs. This product is available in high purity and has been methylated and glycosylated.</p>

<p>3'-Sulpho Lewis X-BSA is a high purity and custom synthesis of 3'-sulpho Lewis X-BSA. This product is also fluorinated, which prevents the product from being degraded by plasma enzymes. The oligosaccharide and polysaccharide are complex carbohydrates, which are saccharides that have many monosaccharides. The product is composed of a single monosaccharide, which is a sugar. 3'-Sulpho Lewis X-BSA has been modified with methylation, click modification, and CAS No.</p>

<p>[1-13C]D-Cellobiose is a custom synthesis, modification, and fluorination of cellobiose. It is a monosaccharide that can be modified by methylation, monosaccharide, and click modification. Cellobiose can be synthesized from the saccharides glucose, fructose, and maltose. Cellobiose is an important component of complex carbohydrates such as glycogen and starch.</p>