Ligands organométalliques

<p>A potent small-molecule activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine-threonine kinase involved in autophagy. Promotes cytoprotective autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, via the ULK complex. Improves motor dysfunction and reduces loss of dopaminergic neurons, mediated by MPTP, in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.</p>

<p>Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine alkylating agent. It has anti-tumor activity against a broad spectrum of tumors, such as leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. Temozolomide induces G2/M arrest, preventing cells from entering mitosis and, therefore, apoptosis. As a drug resistance-modifying agent it is used for studying drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma cell lines.</p>

<p>GC 376 is an inhibitor of the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) in coronaviruses as well as picornaviruses. This broad-spectrum antiviral compound has been used as investigational veterinary drug for treatment of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infections. Recent studies also showed that GC 376 inhibits the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) from SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 of 0.03 μM and EC50 of 3.37 μM.</p>

<p>Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) inhibits dynamin related protein-1 (drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission. It is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative disease. The neuroprotective effects of mdivi-1 has been demonstrated in various models of brain ischemia and neurodegeneration.</p>

<p>Gonadorelin acetate is a synthetic peptide agonist, which is an analog of the naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is derived from a synthetic process designed to mimic the structure and function of endogenous GnRH. Gonadorelin acetate functions by stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release two critical hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones play a pivotal role in regulating reproductive processes, including ovulation and spermatogenesis.</p>

<p>Ibrutinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, a crucial enzyme to the B-cell receptor pathway. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase becomes continuously activated in B-cell cancers and therefore promotes the survival of tumor cells. Ibrutinib binds irreversibly and covalently to a cysteine residue within the ATP-binding site of the enzyme, thus preventing ATP binding and downstream signal transduction. The ability of Ibrutinib to inhibit Bruton’s tyrosin kinase and hence the B-cell receptor pathway it can be used in the treatment of some B cell cancers such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).</p>

<p>Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor antagonist. It binds to the V2 receptor in the cytosol and prevents it from activating the aquaporin 2 channel, which regulates water permeability. Inhibition of vasopressin receptors in the kidneys improves fluid and electrolyte balance. Tolvaptan has been shown to be effective for treating congestive heart failure, as well as other disorders that are associated with fluid retention, such as renal dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Tolvaptan can also be used in combination therapy with other drugs to treat these conditions.</p>

<p>LGD 3303 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which is a compound designed to selectively interact with androgen receptors in the body. SARMs like LGD 3303 are researched for their potential to mimic anabolic activity with reduced androgenic effects compared to traditional anabolic steroids. LGD 3303 acts by binding to androgen receptors, and it is believed to promote muscle growth and bone health without significantly affecting other tissues.</p>

<p>NADPH oxidase inhibitor; anti-inflammatory</p>

<p>A potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway that interferes with β-catenin/TFC4 interaction. Reduces growth and motility of colon cancer cells. Inhibits self-renewal, whilst inducing differentiation in cancer stem cells.</p>

<p>MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor. Binds to MEK-1, preventing phosphorylation and activation by Raf or MEK kinase. PD 098059 enhances self-renewal in stem cells. Has anti-growth and anti-proliferative effects on AML cells. Anti-apoptotic effect on AML cells observed in synergy with Nutlin-3a.</p>

<p>Positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 with EC50 in submicromolar range. The compound is able to increase mGluR5 function in vitro and in vivo. A study showed that ADX-47273 enhanced fear extinction learning as well as improved reversal learning in experimental animals.</p>

<p>Specific inhibitor of Rho-associated ROCK kinases which supresses tumour cell invasion and affects cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. The compound competes with ATP for binding to the kinase catalytic site and inhibits phosphorylation of ROCK substrates. This inhibitor was also shown to attenuate neuronal death after transient retinal ischemia and to possess protective effects on human embryonic stem cells.</p>

<p>Pidotimod is a small molecule (dipeptide) that acts as immunomodulator. It activates the immune system by binding to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 and it is involved in the regulation of TLRs signaling pathways. Pidotimod has chemokine activity on CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) that triggers monocyte adhesion and migration by activation of tyrosine phosphorylation-based cell signaling. Recent studies showed that pidotimod can be used to treat acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and its pharmacokinetic studies has shown its ability to boost the immunoresponse and favouring the increase in the level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+). Pidotimod also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which are linked to autoimmune diseases.</p>

<p>TIC10 is a small molecule, which is sourced from a synthetic chemical library, with a novel mode of action that involves the induction of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway. This pathway is distinguished by its ability to selectively trigger apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. TIC10 effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, a feature that enhances its potential application in treating brain-related malignancies.</p>

<p>MK-0812 succinate is a synthetic pharmaceutical compound, which is a product of chemical synthesis with high purity standards suitable for therapeutic use. This compound is synthesized from raw chemical materials using controlled reactions to ensure specific molecular characteristics and potency. MK-0812 succinate functions by inhibiting specific biological pathways that are implicated in disease progression, primarily by binding to target proteins and altering their function. This action results in modulation of cellular processes that contribute to the pathophysiology of certain diseases.</p>

<p>Endogenous ligand for apelin APJ receptor</p>

<p>Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that is used in the treatment of hypertension, liver cirrhosis, renal disease and heart failure. This drug acts on the kidney to increase water loss from the body. It inhibits electrolyte reabsorption. Furosemide also exerts vasodilatory effects.</p>

<p>Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor</p>

<p>Fexofenadine is a selective histamine-1 receptor antagonist that is used to treat the symptoms of seasonal allergies. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier and carries little-to-no activity at off targets. This drug binds to the inactive form of the H1 receptor and inhibits its activation and downstream effects.</p>

<p>Vinpocetin or Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of a vinca alkaloid that is used to treat symptoms of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. It blocks sodium channels, reduces cellular calcium influx and has shown to have antioxidant activity. Studies have also suggested that vinpocetin can inhibit phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDE-1) in isolated rabbit aorta.</p>

<p>Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been studied as a potential anticancer agent. It binds to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) to form a complex that inhibits mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin also blocks p70 S6 kinase activation by interleukin-2 and thereby inhibits proliferation of T cells. It induces differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to mesendoderm and blood progenitor cells.</p>

<p>Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor drug that is used to prevent degradation of imipenem. It is used to treat a variety of infections in combination with imipenem. This drug blocks the mechanism of imipenem which is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I.</p>

<p>Flumazenil is a drug that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam. It binds to the α1 subunit of the GABA receptor and prevents it from opening. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist.</p>

<p>Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) is a protease that hydrolyses proteins by cleaving the peptide bond at the carboxyl side of the positively charged amino acid (Lysine or Arginine). Trypsin belongs to a family of serine proteases, as it has a serine in its active site. Trypsin can be inhibited by using trypsin inhibitor Alpha 1 Antitrypsin.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of cyclin dependend kinases</p>

<p>Erlotinib is a drug that is used to treat human malignancies. It is a type of kinase inhibitor that inhibits the EGFR tyrosine kinase, preventing the activation of downstream signalling pathways. Erlotinib has been shown to be effective in treating squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and other types of skin cancer. Additionally, Erlotinib has potential for use as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of psoriasis and ulcerative colitis.</p>

<p>Cyclosporin B is an antifungal and immunosuppressive cyclic peptide, which is derived from the fungus *Tolypocladium inflatum*. The compound is a member of the cyclosporin family, characterized by cyclic polypeptides with a unique arrangement of amino acids that enable its biological activity. Though its precise mode of action is not completely delineated, it is observed to influence cell growth and viability by potentially disrupting cellular communication or signal transduction pathways.</p>

<p>TAPI-1 is an inhibitor of TACE (TNF-α converting enzyme, also known as ADAM17) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It blocks the shedding of several cell surface proteins, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 receptor, and TNF receptors p60 (TNFRI) and p80 (TNFRII).</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Elafibranor including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>UM171 is a small-molecule compound, which is derived from synthetic chemical processes with properties that enable the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro. It acts by targeting and modulating specific cellular pathways to enhance the self-renewal and proliferation of HSCs without inducing differentiation.<br><br>The primary application of UM171 lies in the field of regenerative medicine and transplantation. By facilitating the expansion of HSCs, UM171 holds significant potential in improving the outcomes of bone marrow and cord blood transplants. This is particularly relevant in contexts where donor cell availability is limited or where augmenting the engraftment potential of HSCs is critical. The ability to expand HSCs ex vivo opens avenues for improved treatment of hematological disorders, potentially allowing for more effective and accessible transplant therapies. Researchers are exploring its utility in diverse experimental setups, aiming to translate this compound's capabilities into clinical settings to enhance patient outcomes in hematopoietic recovery and therapy.</p>

<p>GSK334429 hydrochloride is a selective corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist, which is a synthetic compound developed by GlaxoSmithKline. As a small-molecule antagonist, it acts by binding to the CRF1 receptor, thereby inhibiting the action of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). This interruption in CRF signaling is significant as CRF is a key regulator in the body’s response to stress, influencing both endocrine and behavioral reactions.</p>

<p>D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a cell signaling molecule that belongs to the class of ligands. It has been used as a research tool in pharmacology and protein interaction studies. D-Threonic acid lithium salt can activate ion channels, which are cellular membrane proteins that allow ions to flow in or out of cells. D-Threonic acid lithium salt also interacts with receptors, which are proteins on the surface of cells that receive chemical signals from outside the cells. Receptors can be either agonists or antagonists. D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase, which is involved in cell growth and differentiation.</p>

<p>UVI 3003 is a light stabilizer that functions as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber, primarily utilized in the protection of various materials from UV radiation. This product is synthesized from advanced chemical compounds designed to absorb UV light and prevent its transmission through the material. The mode of action involves converting UV radiation into harmless thermal energy, which is then dissipated, thereby protecting the underlying matrix from photodegradation.</p>

<p>EPZ020411 2HCl is a chemical compound known as a potent selective inhibitor of the EZH2 methyltransferase, which is derived from enzymatic development processes involving high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry optimization. With its mode of action centered on inhibiting the enzymatic activity of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), EPZ020411 2HCl effectively reduces the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27), a critical process in gene expression regulation. This activity makes it an invaluable tool for studying epigenetic modifications and underlying oncogenic pathways.<br><br>The application of EPZ020411 2HCl is predominantly in the realm of cancer research, particularly in investigating the role of EZH2 in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, and hematopoietic cancers. By targeting and inhibiting EZH2, this compound aids in elucidating mechanisms of cancer progression, potentially leading to advancements in targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it serves as a pivotal reference molecule in the structural and functional studies of histone methyltransferases, contributing to our broader understanding of epigenetic regulation.</p>

<p>Ifenprodil is a selective NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, which is a synthetic compound designed to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission. It is derived from a class of organic compounds known as phenylethanolamines. Its primary mode of action involves the inhibition of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2B subunit, which leads to a reduction in excitatory neurotransmission. This specific antagonism is crucial for modulating synaptic plasticity and protecting neural tissue from excitotoxic damage.</p>

<p>α-Phenyllongifolol is a sesquiterpenoid compound, which is derived primarily from certain plant species known for their essential oil production. This compound is biosynthesized through the mevalonate pathway, a critical metabolic route in plants responsible for terpene production. The mode of action of α-Phenyllongifolol involves disrupting microbial cell membranes, exhibiting potent antimicrobial properties. It interferes with the lipid bilayer, leading to increased permeability and, subsequently, cell death.</p>

<p>Wye 672 is a potent, selective inhibitor of ATPase enzymes, which are pivotal in energy transfer and cellular processes. It is synthesized through a complex chemical process that ensures specificity and efficacy. Wye 672 functions by binding to the ATP-binding pocket of the target enzyme, thereby inhibiting its action. This mode of action disrupts the hydrolysis of ATP, a critical process in energy metabolism and signal transduction pathways.</p>

<p>Retosiban is a pharmaceutical compound that serves as an oxytocin receptor antagonist, derived through synthetic chemical synthesis. Its primary mechanism of action involves the selective inhibition of oxytocin receptors, which are critical in the uterine contractions that occur during labor. By blocking these receptors, Retosiban effectively reduces uterine muscle contractions, thus playing a crucial role in managing preterm labor.</p>

<p>Lorlatinib acetate is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is a synthetic pharmaceutical compound designed to specifically inhibit the activity of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1). This compound is derived through complex chemical synthesis to ensure specificity and potency in its mechanism of action. Lorlatinib acetate functions by selectively binding to the ATP-binding site of ALK and ROS1, leading to the inhibition of downstream signaling pathways that promote tumor cell proliferation and survival. This targeted action results in the interruption of cancer cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells harboring ALK and ROS1 aberrations.</p>

<p>Hdhodh-in-1 is an advanced analytical tool designed for conducting multidimensional data analysis, which is sourced from integrative computational methodologies. With a focus on high-dimensional datasets, it operates through a sophisticated algorithm that efficiently processes and integrates various data types, including genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information.</p>

<p>(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt hydrate is a chemical compound classified as a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor, which is a compound derived synthetically. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the enzyme CPT1, which is pivotal in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This inhibition effectively blocks fatty acid oxidation pathways, leading to alterations in metabolic states.Etomoxir is commonly utilized in scientific research to study metabolic processes, particularly those related to energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. It serves as a valuable tool in exploring mechanisms involved in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases by allowing researchers to scrutinize the metabolic adaptations to impaired fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, it is used in cellular and animal models to investigate metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial function. Its application extends to cancer research, where metabolic reprogramming is a focus, aiding in the understanding of tumor progression and potential therapeutic interventions targeting metabolic pathways.</p>

<p>rac Mepindolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist, which is a synthetic compound with non-selective beta-blocking activity. Derived from synthetic chemical synthesis, it functions by competitively inhibiting sympathetic neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, at beta-adrenergic receptors. This leads to a reduction in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and overall sympathetic activity.</p>

<p>AMG 487 (S-enantiomer) is a selective CCR9 antagonist, which is a compound that inhibits the chemokine receptor CCR9. This receptor is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and is involved in the migration of T-cells. AMG 487 is synthesized through enantioselective methods in a laboratory setting, providing a high-purity compound suitable for research purposes.</p>

<p>AR 420626 is an advanced molecular sieve catalyst, which is derived from a robust zeolitic framework with precise pore architecture. Its mode of action is centered on facilitating selective adsorption and catalysis by exploiting the molecular dimensions within its crystalline structure. This enables the catalyst to achieve enhanced specificity and efficiency in molecular transformations.</p>

<p>SAG 21k is a synthetic ion channel, which is a laboratory-created entity designed to mimic the functionality of natural ion channels found in biological membranes. These synthetic constructs are engineered through chemical synthesis, allowing precise control over their structural and functional properties. The mode of action of SAG 21k involves the facilitation of ion transport across lipid bilayers, thereby enabling the study of transmembrane ion flow in controlled environments.</p>

<p>Mots-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide, which is encoded by the small open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA. This peptide functions by interacting with the cellular metabolic pathways to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and overall cellular metabolism. Mechanistically, Mots-C modulates the folate–methionine cycle, directly impacting glucose regulation and energy utilization, and consequently facilitating cellular adaptation to metabolic stress.</p>

<p>CYM 5541 is a selective herbicide, which is synthesized from organic chemical compounds. It functions by interfering with the metabolic processes critical to weed growth and development. Specifically, CYM 5541 targets and inhibits specific enzymes that are essential for cell division and photosynthesis in undesirable plants.<br><br>The primary application of CYM 5541 is in agricultural settings, where it is used to manage weed populations that compete with crops for light, nutrients, and water. It is particularly effective in controlling broadleaf and grassy weeds. Through its precise mode of action, CYM 5541 enables efficient, targeted suppression of non-crop vegetation, thereby maintaining the health and yield of the desired plants. Its use in integrated pest management strategies underscores its role in sustainable farming practices, minimizing the environmental impact while maximizing agricultural productivity.</p>

<p>N-Methylquipazine dimaleate is a selective ligand product, which is a synthetically produced compound with a specific affinity for serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT3 subtype. It is derived from a well-established chemical synthesis process that ensures high purity and consistent activity.</p>

<p>RU 58841 is a non-steroidal anti-androgen, which is a chemical compound sourced through synthetic processes in pharmaceutical laboratories. It functions by selectively binding to androgen receptors in the hair follicles, thereby inhibiting the action of androgens such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This mode of action prevents DHT from activating the receptor, which is a critical factor in the miniaturization of hair follicles.</p>

<p>CGS 15435 is a synthetic compound that functions as a dopamine receptor agonist, derived from chemical synthesis processes involving targeted modifications of organic compounds. It exhibits high affinity and selectivity toward specific subtypes of dopamine receptors, which are G-protein-coupled receptors critical to neurotransmission in the central nervous system.</p>

<p>SPK-601 is a novel antimicrobial peptide-based product, which is derived from engineered microbial strains with proficient peptide synthesis capabilities. This product functions by disrupting the structural integrity of microbial cell walls, leading to cell lysis and eventual death of the targeted microorganisms. Its mechanism of action involves binding to specific lipid components on the bacterial cell surface, resulting in pore formation and an imbalance in osmotic pressures across the cell membrane.</p>

<p>Jaspamycin is an antitumor antibiotic, which is a natural product isolated from the bacterium *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. Its mode of action involves disrupting RNA synthesis by inhibiting nucleic acid chain elongation, thereby impeding cell proliferation and leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cancer cells. This mechanism makes Jaspamycin particularly effective as a chemotherapeutic agent.</p>

<p>N-[(3R,6S,9S,12R)-6-Ethyl-12-methyl-9-[3-[(N'-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]propyl]-2,5,8,11-tetraoxo-3-phenyl-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclotetradec-12-yl]-2-methylpropanamide is a cyclic peptide compound, which is synthesized through a sequence of chemical reactions involving the assembly of amino acids into a ring structure followed by modification for increased stability and specificity. The mode of action involves the interaction with specific biological targets, predominantly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, altering cellular processes via inhibition or activation of enzymatic pathways. This compound finds utility in the development of therapeutic agents due to its ability to engage specific protein targets with high affinity. Its applications extend to the field of drug development, particularly in the design of inhibitors for enzymes or receptors involved in critical physiological pathways, thus serving as a valuable tool in targeting diseases at a molecular level.</p>

<p>06:0 PI(3,4,5)P3 is a synthetic phosphoinositide analog, which is typically obtained from laboratory synthesis utilizing phospholipid precursor molecules. Its mode of action involves mimicking the naturally occurring phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), allowing it to interact with specific intracellular signaling proteins. This product serves as a valuable tool for scientists investigating cellular signaling pathways, especially those involving the regulation of diverse cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival.</p>

<p>Human parainfluenza virus type 3, fusion protein, fragment 454-488, acetylated is a synthetic peptide, which is derived from the fusion protein of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (HPIV-3). This fragment is produced through chemical synthesis and is acetylated to mimic the natural post-translational modifications that can occur in viral proteins, enhancing its stability and preserving its biological activity.</p>

<p>PS210 is a highly advanced chemical compound, which is a synthetic catalyst designed for precision-driven applications in chemical laboratories. It is derived from a meticulous synthesis process involving transition metals and organic ligands. The mode of action of PS210 involves facilitating specific chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, thereby increasing reaction rates without being consumed in the process.</p>

<p>MAC13243 is a small-molecule inhibitor, which is derived from synthetic chemical processes, designed to modulate specific biochemical pathways within cells. It primarily affects intracellular signaling pathways by binding selectively to target proteins and modifying their activity. The compound’s mode of action involves the disruption of protein-protein interactions necessary for the progression of certain cellular processes, making it a valuable tool for studying intricate signaling networks.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about PDD 00017272 including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Aumitin is an innovative compound that is categorized as a bioactive molecule, which is derived from natural sources such as medicinal plants or microorganisms. It exhibits its mode of action through specific interactions with cellular pathways, potentially modulating key processes within the cell. These interactions can lead to alterations in cellular functions such as signaling, metabolism, or growth regulation.</p>

<p>Talabostat is a small-molecule inhibitor, specifically targeting dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) enzymes. It is a synthetic compound designed to inhibit these serine proteases, which are known to play critical roles in tumor growth and metastasis by affecting the tumor microenvironment. The primary mode of action of Talabostat involves the irreversible inhibition of DPP IV and related enzymes, disrupting key signaling pathways that facilitate cancer cell proliferation and immune evasion.</p>

<p>Y-33075 is a synthetic chemical compound that functions as a selective Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, derived from laboratory synthesis processes. It primarily acts by targeting and inhibiting the activity of ROCK, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in modulating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular contraction through the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. This inhibition effectively reduces smooth muscle contraction, cellular proliferation, and migration by altering the actin cytoskeleton.</p>

<p>Palbociclib dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), which is derived from synthetic chemical processes. Its mode of action involves disrupting the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase, thereby inhibiting cellular proliferation. By specifically targeting and inhibiting CDK4/6, Palbociclib effectively arrests the growth of cancer cells that rely on these kinases for division.</p>

<p>LY2409881 trihydrochloride is a small molecule inhibitor, which is synthetically derived through chemical processes. It functions as a selective inhibitor of IKKβ (IκB kinase β), an enzyme involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway. By inhibiting IKKβ, LY2409881 effectively impedes the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB, resulting in the suppression of NF-κB activity.</p>

<p>QX77 is an innovative synthetic compound, which is a product of advanced organic synthesis processes. It functions through the modulation of active gene transcription pathways by selectively interacting with specific DNA sequences. This selective interaction enables the precise upregulation or downregulation of target genes within cellular environments.</p>

<p>5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)butyl)-2,4-decadienamide is a bioactive compound derived from specific plant sources. This chemical entity functions primarily through modulation of biological pathways, notably influencing signal transduction and cellular responses. Its mode of action involves interaction with specific receptors and enzymes, affecting processes such as inflammation and neural activities.</p>

<p>Bunaprolast is a pharmaceutical compound that serves as a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is synthetically derived and exhibits its action by selectively inhibiting the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), within the cell. This mechanism effectively elevates the intracellular concentrations of these second messengers, leading to physiological effects such as vasodilation and reduction in inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>M1001 is a biochemical reagent, which is synthesized through advanced organic chemistry techniques, with a specific mode of action that targets nucleic acid structures. It functions as an intercalating agent, inserting itself between base pairs in DNA strands. This interaction alters DNA topology, making M1001 invaluable for research applications that involve DNA replication, transcription, and repair studies.</p>

<p>Erythro-3,4-dimethyl-alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]benzylalcohol hydrochloride is a synthetic compound, which is a derivative obtained through intricate chemical synthesis. It functions primarily as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, thereby influencing the synaptic levels of these neurotransmitters by blocking their reabsorption into presynaptic neurons, which increases their availability in the synaptic cleft.</p>

<p>Cjb 090 dihydrochloride hydrate is a potent inhibitor of Protein Kinase C (PKC), which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. Derived through chemical synthesis, Cjb 090 selectively targets and inhibits PKC activity, thereby disrupting signal transduction mechanisms involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.</p>

<p>Fiboflapon sodium is a selective leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, which is a synthetic compound designed to inhibit specific pathways involved in inflammatory processes. The source of Fiboflapon sodium derives from advanced chemical synthesis aimed at targeting the lipoxygenase pathway, crucial in the production of leukotrienes. Its mode of action involves binding to and blocking the leukotriene B4 receptor, thereby reducing the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.</p>

<p>GR79236 is a novel synthetic compound, which is a small-molecule pharmaceutical agent developed through advanced chemical synthesis processes. Its source involves rational drug design targeting specific biomolecular pathways. The mode of action of GR79236 pertains to its ability to selectively bind to and modulate receptor sites, resulting in altered cellular signaling. This modulation achieves specificity in targeting pathological mechanisms without affecting normal cellular processes.</p>

<p>LY 288513 is a synthetic small molecule compound, which is developed through rigorous chemical synthesis. It primarily originates from the advanced field of medicinal chemistry, where it has been designed and optimized for its biochemical activity and specificity. The mode of action for LY 288513 involves the modulation of certain metabolic pathways within cells, acting as a receptor antagonist to influence intracellular signaling cascades. This interaction results in altered cellular responses, potentially leading to therapeutic outcomes.</p>

<p>GSK343 is a small-molecule inhibitor, which is synthetically derived with the specific purpose of targeting and inhibiting the activity of the enzyme EZH2, a key component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). This enzyme is responsible for the tri-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a modification that plays a crucial role in gene silencing and epigenetic regulation.</p>

<p>C11 TopFluor Phytosphingosine is a fluorescent lipid analog, which is derived from the naturally occurring bioactive lipid, phytosphingosine. This compound incorporates a fluorophore into its structure, facilitating the tracking and visualization of lipid behavior in biological systems through advanced imaging techniques. The structure, with a short yet distinct fluorescent tag, retains the key biological properties of phytosphingosine, thus allowing it to participate in cellular processes similarly to its natural counterpart.</p>

<p>Lyn peptide inhibitor is a targeted peptide-based inhibitor derived synthetically to interact specifically with the Lyn kinase signaling pathway. As a research tool, it serves to elucidate the functional dynamics of Lyn kinase, which belongs to the Src family of tyrosine kinases involved in signal transduction processes critical to cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival.</p>

<p>AZD 8186 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor, which is sourced from synthesized chemical compounds, specifically designed to target the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. This inhibitor functions by selectively inhibiting the PI3K isoforms, primarily PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ, which play critical roles in multiple cell signaling pathways related to growth, survival, and proliferation.</p>

<p>S29434 is a synthetic compound that functions as a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Originating from chemical synthesis, this product is designed to bind selectively to the A2A subtype of adenosine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.</p>

<p>DS21360717 is a synthetic compound, classified as a small-molecule inhibitor, which originates from advanced chemical synthesis techniques within pharmaceutical research. Its mode of action involves targeting and modulating specific cellular pathways, often through inhibiting key enzymes or receptors involved in disease processes. This targeted interaction allows for precise modulation of biological reactions, making it a valuable tool in both research and therapeutic settings.</p>

<p>NSC 135130 is a synthetic compound that serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It is derived through chemical synthesis, a process involving the combination of various elements and compounds to produce a novel substance with specific desired properties. The mode of action of NSC 135130 primarily involves the scavenging of free radicals and modulation of inflammatory pathways, thus helping to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation at the cellular level.</p>

<p>Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 is a selective chemical inhibitor specifically targeting cathepsin enzymes, which is derived through synthetic processes. Cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes predominantly found in lysosomes and play a crucial role in intracellular protein degradation. By inhibiting these enzymes, Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 effectively prevents the breakdown of protein substrates, thus allowing for the regulation of various cellular processes such as apoptosis, antigen presentation, and tissue remodeling.</p>

Apimostinel is a peptide-based therapeutic agent, which is derived from a modification of endogenous neuropeptides. It is designed to selectively modulate the NMDA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor, which plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neural communication. Apimostinel functions as a partial agonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor. This mechanism supports synaptic strength and plasticity without the excessive activation associated with excitotoxicity, thereby providing potential neuroprotective effects.

<p>(4bS,8aS,9S,10S)-10-(Acetyloxy)-3,9-bis(benzoyloxy)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-phenanthrene dione is a potent chemokine molecule that is an agonist of the CXCR2 receptor. It has been shown to inhibit cancer stem cells and chemoattractant production in colon carcinoma cells. This compound selectively targets the translation of lamiaceae mRNA and induces apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells.</p>

<p>UFP-101 is a synthetic antimicrobial compound, which is engineered from advanced chemical synthesis methodologies with unique molecular modifications. The compound acts by disrupting microbial cell membranes, resulting in cell lysis and death. This mode of action is particularly effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial strains, including multi-drug-resistant varieties.</p>

<p>Oxcarbazepine is an anti-epileptic drug that is used for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. Although, the mechanism of action for this drug is unclear, it is said to involve the blockage of voltage-gated sodium channels. As a result, the firing of the action potentials which lead to seizures are reduced and so seizure activity is inhibited.</p>

<p>SR8278 is a synthetic, chemical compound that functions as a highly selective inverse agonist of the Rev-Erb nuclear receptors, which is derived from extensive biochemical research. It operates by binding to these orphan nuclear receptors, Rev-Erbα and Rev-Erbβ, inhibiting their activity. This antagonistic action disrupts the regulation of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and inflammatory responses that these receptors typically control. This modulation occurs at the transcriptional level, where SR8278 interferes with gene expression governed by Rev-Erb receptors.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxymatrine is an alkaloid compound, which is derived from the roots of Sophora plants, notably Sophora flavescens. This compound is characterized by its structure as a quinolizidine alkaloid and is a modified form of matrine, with a hydroxyl group adding to its chemical complexity.</p>

<p>PF-06658607 is an investigational drug that is classified as a small molecule inhibitor. It is developed from synthetic chemical sources with a specific mode of action targeting aggrecanases, enzymes that degrade aggrecan, a critical component of cartilage. By inhibiting these enzymes, PF-06658607 aims to prevent the breakdown of cartilage in joints.</p>