Ligands organométalliques

Inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor CB1R. Taranabant was studied for its effect on smoking cessation and inducing weight loss. Serious adverse effects associated with this compound prevented further development as a drug in the clinic.

CXCR3 antagonist

<p>FAPI-46 trifluoroacetate is a fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor, which is synthesized as part of targeted cancer research efforts. It is derived from chemical engineering processes focusing on the modification of small molecules to selectively interact with FAP, an enzyme overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment. FAPI-46 binds to and inhibits FAP, reducing its enzymatic activity. By blocking FAP, FAPI-46 trifluoroacetate disrupts the tumor-promoting interactions between CAFs and tumor cells, potentially impeding tumor growth and progression.</p>

UK 383367 is a chemical compound classified as a synthetic small molecule, which is derived from a meticulously controlled chemical synthesis process. Its mode of action involves modulating specific biochemical pathways by binding to target receptors, thereby influencing cellular processes at a molecular level. This compound is utilized extensively in pharmaceutical research for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in the context of investigating receptor activity and signaling pathways. Additionally, UK 383367 finds applications in various industrial processes, serving as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex compounds. Due to its precision in targeting and influencing biological systems, UK 383367 is a valuable tool for scientists seeking to elucidate the mechanistic pathways underlying disease and for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

<p>ALX-1393 is a synthetic compound that acts as an inhibitor, specifically targeting the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). As a small molecule inhibitor derived from chemical synthesis, it modulates neurotransmitter systems by blocking the reuptake of glycine, an important co-agonist of the NMDA receptor, in the central nervous system. The mode of action of ALX-1393 involves binding to the GlyT1 transporter, thereby increasing the synaptic concentration of glycine. This elevation in glycine levels enhances NMDA receptor function, which is crucial for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.</p>

<p>Benzoic acid 5-amino-1-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl ester is a synthetic chemical compound used primarily in advanced organic synthesis. It is derived from benzoic acid and functionalized with a pyrazole moiety, enhancing its reactivity and versatility in chemical transformations. This compound acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex molecules, playing a crucial role as a precursor or reagent due to its unique structure, which facilitates targeted chemical modifications.</p>

<p>Vasopressin receptor agonist; antidiuretic</p>

μ- and κ- opioid receptor antagonist; partial agonist of δ- opioid receptors

Alprostadil alfadex is a medicinal drug that has been found to have anticancer properties. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This drug is an analog of a naturally occurring protein that acts as a tumor inhibitor in humans. Alprostadil alfadex has been shown to be effective against various types of cancer, including those found in the urinary tract and prostate. It works by blocking the action of certain enzymes and proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby preventing cancer cells from dividing and multiplying. Chinese researchers have also found that this drug has a kinase-inhibiting effect, which may contribute to its anticancer activity.

UM729 is an advanced surface coating, which is a chemical formulation with the aim of enhancing surface durability and protection. Sourced from novel polymeric materials, UM729 is designed to form a robust and resilient layer when applied to various substrates. Its mode of action involves cross-linking at the molecular level, creating a cohesive barrier that offers resistance to environmental factors such as abrasion, moisture, and UV radiation.

ROPA or resiniferonol 9,13,14-orthophenylacetate is an analogue of resiniferatoxin that has been shown to have synergistic interactions with detergents, such as Tween-80, in the removal of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) from Brucella. ROPA is also active against herpes simplex virus and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). When combined with a basic protein, it can activate the receptor and inhibits the formation of dry weight. ROPA has been shown to be able to inhibit the growth of infectious bacteria, such as those that cause tuberculosis or brucellosis. The mechanism for this inhibition is not clear, but may be due to its ability to bind to water molecules and inhibit their binding with bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.

PI3K-gamma inhibitor 1 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is selectively synthesized for targeting the PI3K-gamma isoform. This inhibitor is derived through precise medicinal chemistry, involving the synthesis of compounds that specifically interact with the catalytic domain of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3K-γ) enzyme. Its mode of action involves the selective inhibition of the PI3K-γ pathway, a critical signaling route responsible for modulating immune cell functions and inflammatory responses.

VS1 is a novel synthetic peptide, which is engineered to function as an antimicrobial agent. This peptide originates from recombinant DNA technology, providing a customizable approach to target specific microbial strains. Its mode of action involves the selective disruption of microbial cell membranes, leading to the lysis and consequent death of the target cell. The specificity of VS1 for microbial cells over mammalian cells minimizes off-target effects, making it a highly effective agent for infection control.

<p>Osmanthuside H is a natural compound, specifically a phenylethanoid glycoside, which is predominantly sourced from the plant Osmanthus fragrans, as well as other related species. This compound is characterized by a specific glycosidic linkage that contributes to its stability and bioactivity. The mode of action of Osmanthuside H primarily involves its significant antioxidant properties, attributed to the presence of its phenolic structure and glycosidic moiety. This facilitates its role in scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems.</p>

CAY10727 is a potent biochemical inhibitor, which is derived from synthetic sources with specific action targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. It functions by selectively blocking the enzymatic activity of COX-2, which plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins involved in inflammatory responses. This targeted inhibition allows the study of COX-2-related pathways without interference from COX-1, which is significant for maintaining gastrointestinal integrity.The use and applications of CAY10727 are primarily in research settings where understanding the pathways involved in inflammation, pain, and cancer progression are critical. This compound is utilized in various in vitro experiments to delineate the role of COX-2 in cellular and molecular contexts, enabling scientists to dissect complex signaling networks. Given its specificity, CAY10727 is instrumental in the development of new therapeutic approaches where selective COX-2 inhibition might offer benefits over non-selective inhibitors.

Alvameline is a muscarinic receptor agonist, which is a small molecule drug derived from synthetic chemistry processes. Its primary source is the intricate design of pharmacologically active compounds targeting the central nervous system. Alvameline exerts its effects through selective agonism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, playing a pivotal role in modulating neurotransmission. Specifically, by activating these receptors, it enhances cholinergic signaling, which is crucial for cognitive functions such as memory and attention.

<p>A novel muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist with high selectivity for M3 over M2 receptors</p>

N-(5-Aminopentyl) methotrexate amide-LC-biotin is a specialized bioconjugate, derived through the conjugation of methotrexate, an established antifolate drug, with an LC-biotin moiety. This product is synthesized by covalently linking methotrexate, which is known for its role in cancer therapy through the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), to a biotin moiety via a long-chain spacer. The resultant bioconjugate retains the therapeutic effects of methotrexate, particularly in its ability to interrupt nucleotide synthesis, thereby affecting cell division in rapidly proliferating cancer cells.The inclusion of biotin in the structure allows for facile attachment to avidin or streptavidin-labeled systems, facilitating targeted delivery and enhanced detection in molecular and cellular studies. The primary application of N-(5-Aminopentyl) methotrexate amide-LC-biotin lies in the realm of targeted drug delivery and advanced research into methotrexate metabolism. By leveraging the high affinity of biotin-streptavidin interactions, researchers can effectively study the biodistribution and cellular uptake of methotrexate, advancing cancer therapeutic strategies and providing insights into antifolate drug mechanisms at the molecular level.

<p>L-MobileTrex is an advanced analytical technology platform, which is a product of cutting-edge research in data science and computational modeling. This platform operates by integrating multi-dimensional datasets through sophisticated algorithms, providing enhanced data visualization and interpretability.</p>

A negative allosteric modulator of Flt-3 receptor tyrosine kinase

<p>Foslevodopa is a prodrug that is converted to levodopa in the body. This drug has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease with minimal side effects, although it does not affect the progression of the disease. Foslevodopa is a synthetic compound that has been synthesized using chemical methods. It can be manufactured in large quantities, making it a scalable pharmaceutical formulation.</p>

<p>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-dimethylammonium-propane is a cationic lipid, which is a type of synthetic lipid commonly used in biochemical and biophysical research. It is sourced from chemical synthesis, involving the formulation of lipid molecules with specific chemical modifications to confer particular properties. The mode of action of this compound involves its ability to integrate into lipid bilayers and form liposomes. These liposomes can encapsulate nucleic acids, facilitating their delivery into cells by merging with cell membranes, which is crucial for gene delivery applications.</p>

BCR-ABL-IN-2 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is synthetically derived for precision-targeted therapeutic applications. It functions as a selective inhibitor of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively active in certain leukemias, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The product is engineered via chemical synthesis to ensure high specificity and selectivity in binding to the ATP-binding site of the BCR-ABL protein, effectively inhibiting its kinase activity.

FR-190809 is a peptide that acts as an inhibitor of protein interactions. It binds to the receptor and blocks the activation of phospholipase C. FR-190809 also stimulates the production of cyclic AMP, which in turn activates protein kinase A, thereby inhibiting the production of cAMP. FR-190809 has been shown to have a high purity and is used as a research tool for studying protein interactions.

<p>CB-1158 is an arginase inhibitor, which is a small molecule derived from a synthetic source designed to modulate immune functions. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the arginase enzyme, a key player in the urea cycle responsible for the hydrolysis of arginine into ornithine and urea. By blocking arginase, CB-1158 effectively prevents the depletion of extracellular arginine, a vital amino acid required for the activation and proliferation of T cells within the immune system. This inhibition leads to enhanced immune responses against tumors.</p>

<p>PF-06658607 is an investigational drug that is classified as a small molecule inhibitor. It is developed from synthetic chemical sources with a specific mode of action targeting aggrecanases, enzymes that degrade aggrecan, a critical component of cartilage. By inhibiting these enzymes, PF-06658607 aims to prevent the breakdown of cartilage in joints.</p>

<p>Endogenous ligand for apelin APJ receptor</p>

<p>Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that is used in the treatment of hypertension, liver cirrhosis, renal disease and heart failure. This drug acts on the kidney to increase water loss from the body. It inhibits electrolyte reabsorption. Furosemide also exerts vasodilatory effects.</p>

<p>Fexofenadine is a selective histamine-1 receptor antagonist that is used to treat the symptoms of seasonal allergies. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier and carries little-to-no activity at off targets. This drug binds to the inactive form of the H1 receptor and inhibits its activation and downstream effects.</p>

<p>Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) inhibits dynamin related protein-1 (drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission. It is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative disease. The neuroprotective effects of mdivi-1 has been demonstrated in various models of brain ischemia and neurodegeneration.</p>

<p>Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been studied as a potential anticancer agent. It binds to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) to form a complex that inhibits mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin also blocks p70 S6 kinase activation by interleukin-2 and thereby inhibits proliferation of T cells. It induces differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to mesendoderm and blood progenitor cells.</p>

<p>Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine alkylating agent. It has anti-tumor activity against a broad spectrum of tumors, such as leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. Temozolomide induces G2/M arrest, preventing cells from entering mitosis and, therefore, apoptosis. As a drug resistance-modifying agent it is used for studying drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma cell lines.</p>

<p>LGD 3303 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which is a compound designed to selectively interact with androgen receptors in the body. SARMs like LGD 3303 are researched for their potential to mimic anabolic activity with reduced androgenic effects compared to traditional anabolic steroids. LGD 3303 acts by binding to androgen receptors, and it is believed to promote muscle growth and bone health without significantly affecting other tissues.</p>

<p>Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor drug that is used to prevent degradation of imipenem. It is used to treat a variety of infections in combination with imipenem. This drug blocks the mechanism of imipenem which is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I.</p>

<p>GC 376 is an inhibitor of the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) in coronaviruses as well as picornaviruses. This broad-spectrum antiviral compound has been used as investigational veterinary drug for treatment of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infections. Recent studies also showed that GC 376 inhibits the main protease Mpro (3CLpro) from SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 of 0.03 μM and EC50 of 3.37 μM.</p>

<p>Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor</p>

<p>D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate is a biochemical compound, an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. It is sourced from the glycolytic pathway, where it functions as a phosphorylated sugar derivative formed from fructose-6-phosphate through the action of phosphofructokinase. As an allosteric regulator, it plays a crucial role in glycolysis, acting to accelerate enzyme reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate, thus providing energy to cells.</p>

<p>Angiotensin II receptor antagonist</p>

<p>A prodrug of VRT 043198 that inhibits IL-converting enzyme (ICE)/caspase-1.  Inhibits LPS-induced secretion of cytokines. It has therapeutic potential in autoinflammatory diseases. VX 765 is cardioprotective in addition to the P2Y12 receptor inhibitor congrelor, resulting in reduced myocardial infarction.</p>

<p>BMH-7 is a small molecule inhibitor used in molecular biology, which is derived from chemical synthesis methods. It interacts with specific protein domains to disrupt protein-protein interactions within cellular pathways. The mode of action involves binding to target proteins, thereby inhibiting essential interactions that are crucial for the stability and function of multiprotein complexes. This targeted approach allows researchers to dissect complex signaling pathways and understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular functions.</p>

<p>A potent small-molecule activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine-threonine kinase involved in autophagy. Promotes cytoprotective autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, via the ULK complex. Improves motor dysfunction and reduces loss of dopaminergic neurons, mediated by MPTP, in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.</p>

<p>BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor</p>

<p>Cofactor for nitric oxide synthetase and Phe, Tyr and Trp hydroxylases</p>

<p>Inhibitor of cyclin dependend kinases</p>

<p>S 0456 is a fluorescent dye for detecting anhydrase activity. This dye is degradable and can be used for imaging in living cells to detect tumors.</p>

<p>TIC10 is a small molecule, which is sourced from a synthetic chemical library, with a novel mode of action that involves the induction of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway. This pathway is distinguished by its ability to selectively trigger apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. TIC10 effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, a feature that enhances its potential application in treating brain-related malignancies.</p>

<p>MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor. Binds to MEK-1, preventing phosphorylation and activation by Raf or MEK kinase. PD 098059 enhances self-renewal in stem cells. Has anti-growth and anti-proliferative effects on AML cells. Anti-apoptotic effect on AML cells observed in synergy with Nutlin-3a.</p>

<p>Anti-microtubular agent; antineoplastic</p>

<p>Pidotimod is a small molecule (dipeptide) that acts as immunomodulator. It activates the immune system by binding to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 and it is involved in the regulation of TLRs signaling pathways. Pidotimod has chemokine activity on CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) that triggers monocyte adhesion and migration by activation of tyrosine phosphorylation-based cell signaling. Recent studies showed that pidotimod can be used to treat acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and its pharmacokinetic studies has shown its ability to boost the immunoresponse and favouring the increase in the level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+). Pidotimod also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which are linked to autoimmune diseases.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of aurora kinases</p>

<p>Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) is a protease that hydrolyses proteins by cleaving the peptide bond at the carboxyl side of the positively charged amino acid (Lysine or Arginine). Trypsin belongs to a family of serine proteases, as it has a serine in its active site. Trypsin can be inhibited by using trypsin inhibitor Alpha 1 Antitrypsin.</p>

<p>Vinpocetin or Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of a vinca alkaloid that is used to treat symptoms of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. It blocks sodium channels, reduces cellular calcium influx and has shown to have antioxidant activity. Studies have also suggested that vinpocetin can inhibit phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDE-1) in isolated rabbit aorta.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Elafibranor including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>UM171 is a small-molecule compound, which is derived from synthetic chemical processes with properties that enable the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro. It acts by targeting and modulating specific cellular pathways to enhance the self-renewal and proliferation of HSCs without inducing differentiation.<br><br>The primary application of UM171 lies in the field of regenerative medicine and transplantation. By facilitating the expansion of HSCs, UM171 holds significant potential in improving the outcomes of bone marrow and cord blood transplants. This is particularly relevant in contexts where donor cell availability is limited or where augmenting the engraftment potential of HSCs is critical. The ability to expand HSCs ex vivo opens avenues for improved treatment of hematological disorders, potentially allowing for more effective and accessible transplant therapies. Researchers are exploring its utility in diverse experimental setups, aiming to translate this compound's capabilities into clinical settings to enhance patient outcomes in hematopoietic recovery and therapy.</p>

<p>TAPI-1 is an inhibitor of TACE (TNF-α converting enzyme, also known as ADAM17) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It blocks the shedding of several cell surface proteins, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 receptor, and TNF receptors p60 (TNFRI) and p80 (TNFRII).</p>

<p>(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt hydrate is a chemical compound classified as a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor, which is a compound derived synthetically. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the enzyme CPT1, which is pivotal in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This inhibition effectively blocks fatty acid oxidation pathways, leading to alterations in metabolic states.Etomoxir is commonly utilized in scientific research to study metabolic processes, particularly those related to energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. It serves as a valuable tool in exploring mechanisms involved in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases by allowing researchers to scrutinize the metabolic adaptations to impaired fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, it is used in cellular and animal models to investigate metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial function. Its application extends to cancer research, where metabolic reprogramming is a focus, aiding in the understanding of tumor progression and potential therapeutic interventions targeting metabolic pathways.</p>

<p>GR79236 is a novel synthetic compound, which is a small-molecule pharmaceutical agent developed through advanced chemical synthesis processes. Its source involves rational drug design targeting specific biomolecular pathways. The mode of action of GR79236 pertains to its ability to selectively bind to and modulate receptor sites, resulting in altered cellular signaling. This modulation achieves specificity in targeting pathological mechanisms without affecting normal cellular processes.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about PDD 00017272 including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>rac Mepindolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist, which is a synthetic compound with non-selective beta-blocking activity. Derived from synthetic chemical synthesis, it functions by competitively inhibiting sympathetic neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, at beta-adrenergic receptors. This leads to a reduction in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and overall sympathetic activity.</p>

<p>Retosiban is a pharmaceutical compound that serves as an oxytocin receptor antagonist, derived through synthetic chemical synthesis. Its primary mechanism of action involves the selective inhibition of oxytocin receptors, which are critical in the uterine contractions that occur during labor. By blocking these receptors, Retosiban effectively reduces uterine muscle contractions, thus playing a crucial role in managing preterm labor.</p>

<p>Y-33075 is a synthetic chemical compound that functions as a selective Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, derived from laboratory synthesis processes. It primarily acts by targeting and inhibiting the activity of ROCK, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in modulating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular contraction through the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. This inhibition effectively reduces smooth muscle contraction, cellular proliferation, and migration by altering the actin cytoskeleton.</p>

<p>M1001 is a biochemical reagent, which is synthesized through advanced organic chemistry techniques, with a specific mode of action that targets nucleic acid structures. It functions as an intercalating agent, inserting itself between base pairs in DNA strands. This interaction alters DNA topology, making M1001 invaluable for research applications that involve DNA replication, transcription, and repair studies.</p>

<p>Oxcarbazepine is an anti-epileptic drug that is used for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. Although, the mechanism of action for this drug is unclear, it is said to involve the blockage of voltage-gated sodium channels. As a result, the firing of the action potentials which lead to seizures are reduced and so seizure activity is inhibited.</p>

<p>AZD 8186 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor, which is sourced from synthesized chemical compounds, specifically designed to target the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. This inhibitor functions by selectively inhibiting the PI3K isoforms, primarily PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ, which play critical roles in multiple cell signaling pathways related to growth, survival, and proliferation.</p>

<p>Aumitin is an innovative compound that is categorized as a bioactive molecule, which is derived from natural sources such as medicinal plants or microorganisms. It exhibits its mode of action through specific interactions with cellular pathways, potentially modulating key processes within the cell. These interactions can lead to alterations in cellular functions such as signaling, metabolism, or growth regulation.</p>

<p>Lyn peptide inhibitor is a targeted peptide-based inhibitor derived synthetically to interact specifically with the Lyn kinase signaling pathway. As a research tool, it serves to elucidate the functional dynamics of Lyn kinase, which belongs to the Src family of tyrosine kinases involved in signal transduction processes critical to cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival.</p>

<p>EPZ020411 2HCl is a chemical compound known as a potent selective inhibitor of the EZH2 methyltransferase, which is derived from enzymatic development processes involving high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry optimization. With its mode of action centered on inhibiting the enzymatic activity of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), EPZ020411 2HCl effectively reduces the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27), a critical process in gene expression regulation. This activity makes it an invaluable tool for studying epigenetic modifications and underlying oncogenic pathways.<br><br>The application of EPZ020411 2HCl is predominantly in the realm of cancer research, particularly in investigating the role of EZH2 in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, and hematopoietic cancers. By targeting and inhibiting EZH2, this compound aids in elucidating mechanisms of cancer progression, potentially leading to advancements in targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it serves as a pivotal reference molecule in the structural and functional studies of histone methyltransferases, contributing to our broader understanding of epigenetic regulation.</p>

<p>AMG 487 (S-enantiomer) is a selective CCR9 antagonist, which is a compound that inhibits the chemokine receptor CCR9. This receptor is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and is involved in the migration of T-cells. AMG 487 is synthesized through enantioselective methods in a laboratory setting, providing a high-purity compound suitable for research purposes.</p>

<p>C11 TopFluor Phytosphingosine is a fluorescent lipid analog, which is derived from the naturally occurring bioactive lipid, phytosphingosine. This compound incorporates a fluorophore into its structure, facilitating the tracking and visualization of lipid behavior in biological systems through advanced imaging techniques. The structure, with a short yet distinct fluorescent tag, retains the key biological properties of phytosphingosine, thus allowing it to participate in cellular processes similarly to its natural counterpart.</p>

<p>Cjb 090 dihydrochloride hydrate is a potent inhibitor of Protein Kinase C (PKC), which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. Derived through chemical synthesis, Cjb 090 selectively targets and inhibits PKC activity, thereby disrupting signal transduction mechanisms involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.</p>

<p>Erythro-3,4-dimethyl-alpha-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]benzylalcohol hydrochloride is a synthetic compound, which is a derivative obtained through intricate chemical synthesis. It functions primarily as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, thereby influencing the synaptic levels of these neurotransmitters by blocking their reabsorption into presynaptic neurons, which increases their availability in the synaptic cleft.</p>

<p>Human parainfluenza virus type 3, fusion protein, fragment 454-488, acetylated is a synthetic peptide, which is derived from the fusion protein of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (HPIV-3). This fragment is produced through chemical synthesis and is acetylated to mimic the natural post-translational modifications that can occur in viral proteins, enhancing its stability and preserving its biological activity.</p>

<p>D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a cell signaling molecule that belongs to the class of ligands. It has been used as a research tool in pharmacology and protein interaction studies. D-Threonic acid lithium salt can activate ion channels, which are cellular membrane proteins that allow ions to flow in or out of cells. D-Threonic acid lithium salt also interacts with receptors, which are proteins on the surface of cells that receive chemical signals from outside the cells. Receptors can be either agonists or antagonists. D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase, which is involved in cell growth and differentiation.</p>

<p>UVI 3003 is a light stabilizer that functions as an ultraviolet (UV) absorber, primarily utilized in the protection of various materials from UV radiation. This product is synthesized from advanced chemical compounds designed to absorb UV light and prevent its transmission through the material. The mode of action involves converting UV radiation into harmless thermal energy, which is then dissipated, thereby protecting the underlying matrix from photodegradation.</p>

<p>N-Methylquipazine dimaleate is a selective ligand product, which is a synthetically produced compound with a specific affinity for serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT3 subtype. It is derived from a well-established chemical synthesis process that ensures high purity and consistent activity.</p>

<p>α-Phenyllongifolol is a sesquiterpenoid compound, which is derived primarily from certain plant species known for their essential oil production. This compound is biosynthesized through the mevalonate pathway, a critical metabolic route in plants responsible for terpene production. The mode of action of α-Phenyllongifolol involves disrupting microbial cell membranes, exhibiting potent antimicrobial properties. It interferes with the lipid bilayer, leading to increased permeability and, subsequently, cell death.</p>

<p>(4bS,8aS,9S,10S)-10-(Acetyloxy)-3,9-bis(benzoyloxy)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-phenanthrene dione is a potent chemokine molecule that is an agonist of the CXCR2 receptor. It has been shown to inhibit cancer stem cells and chemoattractant production in colon carcinoma cells. This compound selectively targets the translation of lamiaceae mRNA and induces apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells.</p>

<p>Hdhodh-in-1 is an advanced analytical tool designed for conducting multidimensional data analysis, which is sourced from integrative computational methodologies. With a focus on high-dimensional datasets, it operates through a sophisticated algorithm that efficiently processes and integrates various data types, including genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information.</p>

<p>NSC 135130 is a synthetic compound that serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It is derived through chemical synthesis, a process involving the combination of various elements and compounds to produce a novel substance with specific desired properties. The mode of action of NSC 135130 primarily involves the scavenging of free radicals and modulation of inflammatory pathways, thus helping to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation at the cellular level.</p>

Apimostinel is a peptide-based therapeutic agent, which is derived from a modification of endogenous neuropeptides. It is designed to selectively modulate the NMDA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor, which plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neural communication. Apimostinel functions as a partial agonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor. This mechanism supports synaptic strength and plasticity without the excessive activation associated with excitotoxicity, thereby providing potential neuroprotective effects.

<p>SAG 21k is a synthetic ion channel, which is a laboratory-created entity designed to mimic the functionality of natural ion channels found in biological membranes. These synthetic constructs are engineered through chemical synthesis, allowing precise control over their structural and functional properties. The mode of action of SAG 21k involves the facilitation of ion transport across lipid bilayers, thereby enabling the study of transmembrane ion flow in controlled environments.</p>

<p>Jaspamycin is an antitumor antibiotic, which is a natural product isolated from the bacterium *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. Its mode of action involves disrupting RNA synthesis by inhibiting nucleic acid chain elongation, thereby impeding cell proliferation and leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cancer cells. This mechanism makes Jaspamycin particularly effective as a chemotherapeutic agent.</p>

<p>Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 is a selective chemical inhibitor specifically targeting cathepsin enzymes, which is derived through synthetic processes. Cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes predominantly found in lysosomes and play a crucial role in intracellular protein degradation. By inhibiting these enzymes, Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 effectively prevents the breakdown of protein substrates, thus allowing for the regulation of various cellular processes such as apoptosis, antigen presentation, and tissue remodeling.</p>

<p>CYM 5541 is a selective herbicide, which is synthesized from organic chemical compounds. It functions by interfering with the metabolic processes critical to weed growth and development. Specifically, CYM 5541 targets and inhibits specific enzymes that are essential for cell division and photosynthesis in undesirable plants.<br><br>The primary application of CYM 5541 is in agricultural settings, where it is used to manage weed populations that compete with crops for light, nutrients, and water. It is particularly effective in controlling broadleaf and grassy weeds. Through its precise mode of action, CYM 5541 enables efficient, targeted suppression of non-crop vegetation, thereby maintaining the health and yield of the desired plants. Its use in integrated pest management strategies underscores its role in sustainable farming practices, minimizing the environmental impact while maximizing agricultural productivity.</p>

<p>Mots-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide, which is encoded by the small open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA. This peptide functions by interacting with the cellular metabolic pathways to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and overall cellular metabolism. Mechanistically, Mots-C modulates the folate–methionine cycle, directly impacting glucose regulation and energy utilization, and consequently facilitating cellular adaptation to metabolic stress.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxymatrine is an alkaloid compound, which is derived from the roots of Sophora plants, notably Sophora flavescens. This compound is characterized by its structure as a quinolizidine alkaloid and is a modified form of matrine, with a hydroxyl group adding to its chemical complexity.</p>

<p>SR8278 is a synthetic, chemical compound that functions as a highly selective inverse agonist of the Rev-Erb nuclear receptors, which is derived from extensive biochemical research. It operates by binding to these orphan nuclear receptors, Rev-Erbα and Rev-Erbβ, inhibiting their activity. This antagonistic action disrupts the regulation of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and inflammatory responses that these receptors typically control. This modulation occurs at the transcriptional level, where SR8278 interferes with gene expression governed by Rev-Erb receptors.</p>