Glycosciences

GM1b pentasaccharide (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with a single sialic acid residue linked α2,3 to the terminal galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GM1b oligosaccaharide is the carbohydrate moiety in GM1b ganglioside, which is a minor component of human brain monosialoganglioside fraction. GM1b ganglioside and especially anti-GM1b IgG antibodies are associated with axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome, which develops following C. jejuni infection (Yuki, 1999).

1-O-Acetyl-3,5-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-[4]-thio-[D]-arabinofuranose (1OABFT) is a synthetic sugar with a high degree of methylation and glycosylation. It has been modified to be resistant to enzymes that would normally break the sugar down. 1OABFT is used in glycoproteomics research for its ability to help identify the types of sugars attached to proteins. This modification can also be used as an alternative to fluorination for improving the stability of saccharides in biological systems.

Chiral D-Glucuronic acid is the most basic building bloc of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate and precursor of Vitamin C, the chief detoxifying agent in both plants and animals. Humectant in skin care products.

6-Epi-castanospermine is a nitro compound that is synthesized by the allylic oxidation of castanospermine. It has been shown to inhibit glycosidases and glycosidase inhibitors in vitro, including those from the families of α-amylase, α-L-arabinofuranosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-glucuronidases, and phytases. 6-Epi-castanospermine has also been used as an intermediate for the synthesis of chiral polyhydroxylated compounds. The 13C NMR spectrum of this compound was found to be diagnostic for its structural assignment.

Produced from starch; white hygroscopic spray-dried powder; easily digestible

Please enquire for more information about 2-Keto-L-gluconic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Simvastatin acyl-b-D-glucuronide is a modification of simvastatin that has been synthesized and modified to provide high purity. It is a white, crystalline solid with a melting point of about 200°C. This compound can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or other carbohydrate derivatives.

D-Glucosamine sulfate is a pharmacological agent that has been shown to have activity against oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. It inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which are believed to be responsible for the development of liver disease. D-Glucosamine sulfate has also been shown to have activity against infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the expression of glucosamine synthetase and other genes encoding enzymes that synthesize glucosamine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This drug may also be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, as it has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which is involved in the inflammatory response.

This product is a custom synthesis. The chemical formula for this product is C8H11N2O4. This product has the molecular weight of 272.24 g/mol and the molecular formula is C8H11N2O4. This product is synthesized from 3-acetamido-1-benzylazetidine-2R,4S-diyl bis(methylene) diacetate monohydrate. It can be fluorinated, glycosylated, methylated, modified and oligosaccharide or monosaccharide saccharides. This product can be used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food additives, cosmetics and so on.

3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-trifluoromethyl-a-D-glucofuranose is a carbohydrate that has the following modifications: methylation at the 6 position of the 3rd carbon atom, glycosylation at the 2nd and 4th positions of the 5th carbon atom, fluorination at the 1st position of the 5th carbon atom. This carbohydrate has a CAS number 1426243-44-8 and can be found under Polysaccharide in CAS.

D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is a non-essential amino acid that belongs to the group of nucleotide sugar phosphates. It is a metabolite of the sugar D-glucose and it plays an important role in the energy metabolism of bacteria, plants, and animals. It has been shown to have anti-cancer effects on prostate cancer cells. D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate inhibits methyltransferase activity by binding to the enzyme's active site. This inhibition prevents DNA synthesis, leading to cell death. The structural analysis has been done using NMR spectroscopy on d-arabinose as a model substrate.

Bulk sweetener; viscosity/bodying agent; humectant; cryoprotectant

A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus serratus, Ascophyllum nodosum (illustrated), Laminaria japonica and Macrocystis pyrifyra) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta.
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

L-Xylosamine is a carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorine. It is a monosaccharide and is found in plant cell walls. L-Xylosamine can be custom synthesized and has a high purity level. It is also methylated and glycosylated, which makes it an ideal compound for click chemistry.

The polysaccharide Lentinan is isolated from the mushroom L. edodes (shitake mushroom). The primary structure is a β-(1–3)-glucose backbone with two (1–6)-β-glucose branches for each five glucose resiodues. Lentinan is clinically used for cancer treatment both in China and Japan. According to the clinical studies published in and outside of China, lentinan-based drugs are used for the treatment of various cancers, including lung, gastric, colorectal and other cancers. In addition, lentinan-based drugs are also used for treating HIV, hepatitis and malignant pleural effusion.

Intermediate in the synthesis of prostaglandins

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is an endogenous substance that has been shown to be a potent estrogen. It is metabolized in the body to form stilbestrol glucuronide, which is excreted in the urine. Radiolabeling studies have shown that DES has a chemical structure similar to estradiol, although its pharmacologic effects are not as potent. Diethylstilbestrol glucuronide can be used for the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases by using nuclear medicine techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Studies have also demonstrated that DES can induce erythropoietic protoporphyria in animals.

L-Glycero-L-galacto-heptose is a cyclitol that is structurally similar to glycerol and galactose. It has been found in the Australian sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. L-Glycero-L-galacto-heptose can be synthesized by reacting methyl glycosides with calcium ions. This reaction produces an electrophoretic mobility that is greater than that of glycerol, which may be due to the greater degree of hydrogen bonding between methyl glycosides and calcium ions. The presence of hydroxyl groups on the sugar residue allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules. These interactions lead to a conformation that is different from other cyclitols, such as D-glycero-D-galactopyranose, which has no hydroxyl group on its sugar residue.

Water thickener; rheological control additive; has industrial appplications

Isopropylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a chemical compound that has been studied for its antibacterial activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by reacting with fatty acids in the cell membrane, which leads to the disruption of the cell membrane and death. Isopropylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a member of the sugar alcohols class, and it can be synthesized from glucose, fatty acid, and hydrochloric acid using an acid catalyst. The reaction system is typically carried out in microcapsules.

(+)-Pinoresinol-b-D-glucoside is a fluorinated, monosaccharide that is synthetically produced by glycosylation. It can also be modified using methylation and click chemistry. The chemical formula for (+)-pinoresinol-b-D-glucoside is C10H14O8. It has a molecular weight of 288.24 g/mol and an empirical formula of (C10H14O8)2. The CAS number for this compound is 69251-963. This product is in the Carbohydrate family and has a purity level of >99%.

(+)-syringaresinol-4,4'-bis-O-b-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic compound that is fluorinated with (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)trimethylsilane. It is a sugar molecule that is an oligosaccharide. This compound has been synthesized from syringic acid and (+)-syringaresinol by glycosylation and methylation. It is insoluble in water and has a melting point of 129°C. The CAS number for this compound is 73987-07-8.

3-Nitrobenzylidenimino-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorinated carbohydrate that is synthesized from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranose. It has been modified with a nitrobenzylidene group. This compound can be used in the synthesis of glycosides and polysaccharides.

2-Azido-((R)-3,5-O-benzylidene)-2,6-dideoxy-L-manno-hexitol is a methylated sugar that can be custom synthesized. It has CAS number of 4783-79-8. The chemical formula for this compound is C12H22N2O11 and the molecular weight is 538.3 g/mol. This product is a white to off white crystalline powder with a melting point of 200 degrees Celsius and an assay of 98%. This product is not soluble in water or alcohol. In addition, this product does not contain any heavy metals or toxic residues.

Heparin disaccharide III-A is a synthetic heparin that is modified with the addition of a sugar molecule. Heparin disaccharide III-A disodium salt (HDS) is a high purity, custom synthesized product and has been fluorinated to improve its stability. HDS has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of glycosylation in bacteria cells, leading to decreased production of bacterial enzymes and proteins. It also inhibits protein synthesis by preventing the methylation of ribosomes and reducing the number of saccharides available for glycosylation. The HDS molecule is composed of two sugars: N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. This compound also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

Inhibitor of viral, bacterial and animal sialidase

Ethyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-N-phthalimido-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a synthetically modified sugar. It is a monosaccharide that has been fluorinated and methylated. This modification has been shown to increase the stability of the sugar in the presence of water. The sugar also has an oligosaccharide and polysaccharide moiety attached to it. These saccharides are glycosylated and have a complex carbohydrate structure.

2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-imino-glycero-D,L-mannoheptitol is a methylated saccharide that has been modified with a click reaction. It is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosylations. This product is an excellent choice for custom synthesis projects due to its high purity, low cost, and short lead time.

L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt is the L-isomer of ascorbic acid. It is an essential nutrient for humans and animals, and a cofactor for many enzymes involved in cellular metabolism. Ascorbic acid is an effective metal chelator, which can be used to treat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt has been shown to have antioxidant properties. It also has antineoplastic activity against skin tumors when used at optimum concentration.

Phenyl 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-a-D-glucopyranoside is a modified oligosaccharide, which is synthesized by the glycosylation of 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid with phenyl boronic acid. This compound is also known as an anti-tuberculosis drug. It has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch clamp technique on human erythrocytes. Phenyl 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-a-D-glucopyranoside also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.

4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(4-O-acetyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6,2′,4′″triphosphate (4MPP) is a methylated saccharide. It can be modified with click chemistry and has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of glycogen in the liver. 4MPP is a high purity product that has been synthesized from naturally occurring carbohydrates. It is also fluorinated for use in research.

(3S, 4R) -3, 4-Dihydroxy-2-methyl-D-proline is a synthetic monosaccharide. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of (3S, 4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-D-proline and can be used for the production of glycosylated products. This carbohydrate has been synthesized by fluorination followed by methylation and glycosylation. This is a high purity product that can be custom synthesized to meet your needs.

1,6-b-Galactotriose is a glycosylation product of 1,6-galactose. It is a complex carbohydrate that is found in nature and can be used for modification of saccharides, sugar, oligosaccharides, or other monosaccharides. The product is also used as a building block for the synthesis of custom polysaccharides. It can be fluorinated or methylated and click modified to produce a desired saccharide structure.

This complex carbohydrate is a modification of the 6-O-tert.butyl dimethylsilyl]psicofuranose. It is an Oligosaccharide that has been modified with methylation, glycosylation, and Click modification of the sugar moieties. The CAS number for this complex carbohydrate is 10963-29-3, and it has a purity of 99%.

Propofol-4-Hydroxy-1-D-glucuronide is a modification of propofol, which is commonly used as an intravenous anesthetic. It is a synthetic compound that can be custom synthesized by adding the sugar group to propofol. Propofol-4-Hydroxy-1-D-glucuronide has been shown to be a high purity and pure oligosaccharide with a CAS number. It also contains methylated and glycosylated saccharides.

Inducer of cytochine and chemochine production in blood cells

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-a-D-mannopyranose is a synthetic glycoside that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is a fluorinated sugar that can be modified with methyl groups and other functional groups. This product is available in high purity and can be custom synthesized to meet your specific needs.

Tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-xylofuranose is a custom synthesis. It is an oligosaccharide with a saccharide chain of four sugar units that are linked by glycosylation. The first and third sugars have a benzoyl group, while the second and fourth sugars are xylopyranosyl residues. The molecule has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click chemistry. Tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-xylofuranose is soluble in water, methanol, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, ethylene glycol ethers, and acetonitrile.
Tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-xylofuranose has CAS number 18530–90–0.

The reduced form of nicotinamide riboside or NRH is a potent NAD+ precursor that helps to replenish its levels in the cell. The reduced nicotinamide riboside form has shown high tolerance against degradation in plasma, which is why it is beneficial as a metabolite for the synthesis of NAD/NADH.

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor

NGA3 Glycan, 2-AB labelled is an oligosaccharide that is a complex carbohydrate. It is a polysaccharide that contains saccharides, which are sugars. The saccharides in this compound are monosaccharides, which are single sugar units. This compound has been modified and can be used for the detection of methylation.

Lichenin, the poly β-D-Glucan of Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss), is found by enzymic degradation to differ in fine structure from the poly β-D-glucans of cereal grains. Thus, the basic structure of lichenin is a tetrameric unit in which two adjacent 1,4 linkages alternate with an isolated 1,3 linkage; occasionally four consecutive monomers are linked by 1,4 bonds. The immunomodulatory activity of isolichenan was tested in in vitro phagocytosis and anti-complementary assays, and proved to be active in both cases.
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

D-Galactosamine (GalN) is an aldohexose (2-amino-2-deoxygalactose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by an amino group (Collins, 2006). Galactosamine (as the N-acetyl derivative) forms a key part of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Treatment of experimental animals with D-galactosamine / lipopolysaccharide causes lethal liver injury characterized by apoptosis of the hepatocyte and it is used as a laboratory model to study the effect of therapeutic agents (Hirono, 2001).