Antimicrobiens

Laidlomycin is an ionophore compound with a mode of action that disrupts ion gradients in bacterial cells. It is used as a feed additive to improve feed efficiency in cattle.

1-(6-Amino-3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-7-[3-[3-[[1-(6-amino-3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-3-carboxy-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-quinolinyl]amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1-azetidinyl]-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, engineered through synthetic chemistry. It is derived from chemical sources involving complex organic synthesis, highlighting its intricate molecular architecture. Its mode of action is distinctive, as it inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for DNA replication and transcription. This interference with bacterial DNA processes results in bactericidal effects, effectively eliminating susceptible bacterial strains.

Ceftizoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and gonorrhea.

Nocardamine is a siderophore-based antioxidant, which is naturally derived from the soil-dwelling actinobacteria known as Streptomyces. Its primary mode of action involves the chelation of metal ions, effectively sequestering them and preventing metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. By binding to iron and other transition metals, Nocardamine mitigates oxidative stress at a cellular level, which could otherwise contribute to cellular damage and dysfunction.

Cefepime Related Compound E is a chemical impurity, which is typically encountered as a byproduct in the synthesis or degradation of the antibiotic cefepime. This impurity is derived from synthetic processes used in the pharmaceutical industry and can originate from a variety of pathways during the manufacturing or storage of cefepime.

Daclatasvir is a direct-acting antiviral agent, which is derived from synthetic chemical sources with a specific mode of action targeting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication process. It functions as an inhibitor of the HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), a vital component necessary for viral RNA replication and virion assembly. By binding to two distinct domains of NS5A, Daclatasvir disrupts its ability to function, thereby effectively halting the replication of the viral genome.

Potent antiviral against HCMV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Oteseconazole is an antifungal medication, which is a synthetic triazole-derived agent. It functions by inhibiting the activity of the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase. This inhibition disrupts the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes, thereby interfering with cell membrane integrity and function, ultimately leading to fungal cell death.

Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin antibiotic and is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptides, leading to cell lysis and death

Casein is a phosphoprotein, which is derived from milk. It originates primarily from cow's milk, where it constitutes about 80% of the total protein content. The mode of action for casein involves its ability to form a gel or clot in the stomach, which makes it highly efficient in nutrient delivery, especially the slow release of amino acids. This process is facilitated by its unique structural features, such as the presence of multiple phosphoryl groups that can bind calcium ions.

Sebuthylazine-2-hydroxy is a selective pre-emergent herbicide, which is a derivative of the sym-triazine compound family synthesized through chemical processes. It functions primarily as a soil-acting agent that inhibits photosynthesis by binding to the D1 protein in the photosystem II complex, thereby disrupting the electron transport chain. This biochemical action effectively curtails the growth of susceptible weed species by preventing their development, particularly annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.

Halauxifen is a synthetic herbicide, which is a product of chemical synthesis used in agricultural practices. Derived from advanced chemical research and development, its primary source is a laboratory setting where it is engineered to exhibit specific properties for plant management.

Bacitracin B1 is a polypeptide antibiotic and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Its mode of action is similar to bacitracin.

HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor is an antiretroviral compound with a mode of action that blocks the viral enzyme integrase, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. It is used for the treatment of HIV infection.

Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one HCl, also known as MIT hydrochloride is often used as a preservative in personal care products and other industrial applications. The product has shown to act as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent.

Atovaquone is an antimicrobial drug that is used for the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. This drug is an analog of ubiquinone and has good in vitro activity against Toxoplasma gondii.

Tebipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including complicated urinary tract infections.

Ciprofloxacinhydrochloride, the hydrochloride salt form of ciprofloxacin is afluoroquinolone that exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNK gyrase (topoisomerase II) which inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of double-stranded DNA. Also, ciprofloxacine inhibits cytochrome P450 CYP1A2. Ciprofloxacine is a broad spectrum antibiotic,effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, Campylobacter spp and Pseudomonas with clinical application for complicated urinary tract infections, respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains inpatients with cystic fibrosis, invasive otitis externa caused by P. aeruginosa, chronic osteomyelitis caused by gram negative organisms, eradication of Salmonella, gonorrhoea, bacterial prostatitis, cervicitis, anthrax.

Inhibitor of DNA synthesis; fluoroquinolone class

Monensin sodium is a polyether antibiotic with action on ion transport across bacterial cell membranes and is used for preventing coccidiosis and improving feed efficiency in livestock.

Inhibitor of viral protein NS5B

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly targeting multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating complicated urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Ombitasvir is a NS5A inhibitor antiviral agent with action on hepatitis C virus replication and is used for treating chronic hepatitis C in combination therapies.