Source botanique

Isosakuranetin is a plant exudate with known cytotoxic and fungicide properties, it may act on wheat root segments as an inhibitor of K+ permeation. Isosakuranetin is a TRPM3 blocker, significantly reduces the sensitivity of mice to noxious heat and PregS-induced chemical pain; it induced- inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways activate MITF and subsequent expression of Tyr, TRP1, and TRP2.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

Pachymic acid (PA) is a natural triterpenoid known to inhibit the phospholipase A2 (PLA(2)) family of arachidonic acid (AA)-producing enzymes, PA-treatment decreases bad phosphorylation, increases Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and activates caspases-9 and -3, it also decreases the expression and activation of proteins within the AKT signal pathway. suggests that PA initiates apoptosis through mitochondria dysfunction and influences apoptosis by reducing prostaglandin .

Formononetin causes vascular relaxation via endothelium/NO-dependent mechanism and endothelium-independent mechanism which involves the activation of BK(Ca) and K(ATP) channels.

Cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, is one of the main component of mulberry anthocyanins,has protective effects from blackberry extract against peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure.

Notoginsenoside Fe can induce gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) reductions; and gap junctions have been shown or are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inherited and acquired human diseases, agents that regulate the GJIC function may facilitate prevention and treatment of GJIC-involved diseases.

Insampaedoksan is a traditional herbal medicine used for antipyretic and antiinflammatory diseases, isoliquiritigenin is the main compound of it , thus , isoliquiritigenin has bioactivity effects such as antioxidant, estrogenic and anticancer.

Dendrobine, isolated from Dendrobium nobile, an antagonist of β-alanine, taurine and of presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord.

Methyl hesperidin has potentiating effect on coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine or related compounds, It caused inhibition of nitrendipine transport in the ileum and jejunum, but not in the duodenum. Methyl hesperidin exerts no obvious toxic effects in mice of either sex when administered at a level as high as 5.0% in the diet.

Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, vasoprotective and anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering actions; can improves the health of capillaries by reducing the capillary permeability; can inhibit following enzymes: phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, HMG-CoA reductase and cyclo-oxygenase.

4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin is an antimitotic agent which binds to monomeric tubulin, preventing micro-tubule polymerization. It is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly.

Schisandrin B, a kind of ATR and P-gp inhibitor with high safety, has been shown to produce antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart. It also has anti-photoaging, and presents promising activities for future development of protective agents against CisPt nephrotoxicity. Combination of schizandrin B and paclitaxel(PTX) can enhance anti-tumor effects and relieve side effects of PTX on rats with mammary carcinoma.

Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Pinocembrin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory mediators production by suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, it also inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of Y-79 cells by inactivating the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway.

​Linderene, linderalactone and isolinderalactone inhibit the enzymes from both origins to the same extent.

AstragalosideΙ(As-Ι), one of the main active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, As-I stimulates osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which also activates the BMP pathway and RANK pathway, thus highlighting the As-Ιfor pharmaceutical and medicinal applications such as treating bone disease.

Astragaloside II can downregulate the expression of the P-gp and mdr1 gene, suppress phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suggests that Astragaloside II is a potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and may be a potential adjunctive agent for hepatic cancer chemotherapy.

Homoplantaginin shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it also has a protective and therapeutic effect on hepatocyte injury and shows potent inhibitory activities against influenza. Homoplantaginin may be used for the prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance, it ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and modulating cell signalling via the IKKβ/IRS-1/pAkt/peNOS pathway.

Forsythoside A possesses strong antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. it has the potential to prevent IBV infection in vitro, it can promote the expression of IFN-α and Mx1 significantly.Forsythoside A has inductive effects on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11, without affecting CYP2D1 and CYP3A1/2 activities.