Monosaccharides

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A constituent of certain mucopolysaccharides.<br>References Hoffman, P., et al.: Science, 124, 1252 (1956), Meyer, K: Biochim et Biophys. Acta, 21, 506 (1956), Cifonelli, J.A., et al.: Federation Proc., 16, 165 (1957), Cifonelli, J.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 233, 541 (1958)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Erythrulose is a tetrose carbohydrate that is used in various self-tanning cosmetics combined with dihydroxyacetone.<br>References Maeda, M., et al.: J. Biochem., 123, 602 (1998); Baykal, A., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 34, 380 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications D-(+)-Cellotriose (cas# 33404-34-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Monosaccharide anhydrides, new markers of toasted oak wood used for ageing wines and distillates.<br>References Goldberg, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 3978 (1999), Fu, P., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 286 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase.<br>References Cozier, G.E. et al.: Biochem. J., 340, 639 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethylmalonic Acid is used as a diagnostic agent used in the diagnosis of Ethylmalonic encephalopathy which is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism.<br>References Baertling, F. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 173, 1719 (2014); Sudo, Y. et al.: Hu,am Genome Var., 1, 15016 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Idose is a monosaccharide that is an important component of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate.<br>References Olsen, S.G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 15982 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate contains in liquid smoke flavorings.<br>References Kim, K., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 38, 53 (1974), Guillen, M., et al.: Food Chem., 58, 97 (1997), Guillen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 1276 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucose is a aldohexose sugar that is very rare in nature but has been found in archaea, bacteria and other eukaryotes. Gulose is the C-3 Epimer of galactose (G155250).<br>References Sun, Y.X., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 70, 598 (2006); Bhuiyan, S.H., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioengin., 88, 567 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxalic Acid Ethyl Ester is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used to synthesize 2-substituted 3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones with anticonvulsant activities. It is also used to prepare nonbenzamidine tetrazole derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors.<br>References Wolfe, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 161 (1009); Quan, M., et al.: bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 369 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A derivative of D-Mannosamine (M167000).<br>References Pukanud, P. et al.: Drug Delivery, 16, 289 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Methylglyceric Acid is a biogenic secondary organic aerosol used in air quality diagnosis.<br>References Ru, P., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8491 (2014); Napelenok, S.L., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 464 (2014); Stone, E.A., et. al.: Environ. Chem., 9, 263 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (cas# 56245-60-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A carbohydrate metabolism regulator that has been shown to inhibit gluconeogenesis from lactate plus pyruvate and from substrates that enter the gluconeogenic pathway as triose phosphate.<br>References Joet, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 381, 905 (2004), Girardin, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 38059 (2005), Nghiem, N., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 141, 335 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzyl β-D-Glucopyranoside (cas# 4304-12-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Yoshikawa, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 56, 1297 (2008), Takeda, Y., et al.: J. Nat. Med., 62, 476 (2008),<br></p>

<p>a-D-Galactopyranosyl phenylisothiocyanate is a compound that is used in the synthesis of saccharides and oligosaccharides. It reacts with a variety of sugars, including glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose, to produce methylated derivatives. This reagent is also useful for the synthesis of glycosides. The product can be used in custom synthesis or as a fluorinated carbohydrate.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose is an acetylated disaccharide that is glycosylated with mercuric triflate and glycoalkaloid acceptors. It has been shown to be a glycosylation coupling agent for theophylline in solanum species. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose can also act as a steroidal glycoalkaloid acceptor and has been identified in Solanum species.</p>

<p>L-Fucose is an aldohexose that is used as the building block for various glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is found in human serum and human pathogens. L-Fucose can be isolated from the hybridoma cell line by apical chromatography. The analytical method of L-fucose includes body formation, oligosaccharides, and glycan titration calorimetry. Structural analysis of L-fucose includes glycosylation, sugar analysis, and carbohydrate analysis. Fucose can also be used to produce oligosaccharides through enzymatic reactions with other sugars including glucose and galactose. This reaction produces a linkage between fucose and other sugars that are called glycosidic bonds.</p>

Specific and potent inhibitor of lysosomal α-galactosidase with IC50 in nanomolar range. It acts as pharmacological chaperone and assists folding of the wild type and mutant versions of the enzyme. It places itself in the instable active site and prevents the damage to the enzyme during the passage through Golgi apparatus, endoplasmatic reticulum and lysosome axis. The exposure to this compound leads to increased levels of functional α-galactosidase in models for lysosomal storage disorders and brings therapeutic benefits to patients with Fabry disease.

3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (3DG) is a monosaccharide that is present in many biological molecules, such as glycoproteins and glycoconjugates. 3DG is found in the sialic acid residues of glycoproteins and has been shown to have anticancer properties through its ability to inhibit cell growth. This compound also inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by binding to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA, inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division. 3DG has been used in biocompatible polymers for medical applications, such as drug delivery systems.

L-Menthylglucoside is a custom synthesis, complex carbohydrate. It has CAS number 16203-27-3 and is an Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide. L-Menthylglucoside has been modified with methylation and glycosylation, which may be due to its Click modification. L-Menthylglucoside is a sugar that is high purity, fluorinated, and synthetic.

UDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose sodium salt (UDPFG) is a fluorinated analog of the sugar donor, UDP-glucose. It is an acceptor for the enzyme, glycosylation protein glucosyltransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of glucose to proteins. This compound has been shown to be an activating sugar donor in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it was found that UDFG can bind to the active site of glucosyltransferase in a hydrogen bond interaction that may be important for catalysis.

1,6-Anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-b-D-galactopyranose is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with methylation and glycosylation. It is a saccharide with the CAS number 52579-97-2. This product is highly pure and can be fluorinated for synthesizing other sugars or carbohydrates. The purity of this product is greater than 98%.

2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucuronide methyl ester is an organic compound that is structurally classified as a saccharide. It can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosylated proteins. This product has been modified with Click chemistry, which is a method for modifying chemical structures with a simple reaction between two groups. The modification is stable in acidic conditions and can be removed by treatment with base. 2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucuronide methyl ester also contains fluorine atoms that have been introduced during the synthetic process.

<p>Dideoxynojirimycin is a potent hydroxamic acid that inhibits glycosidases. It is used to treat metabolic disorders such as glycogen storage diseases. Dideoxynojirimycin has been shown to inhibit the activity of intestinal maltase, an enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. This drug also inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, which may be due to its ability to bind nucleophilic groups on enzymes and other biological molecules. The kinetic study showed that 1,6-dideoxynojirimycin has a stereoselective effect on mouse splenocytes, inhibiting their proliferation more effectively than 1,6-dideoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid.</p>

<p>L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone is an acidic compound that has kinetic properties. It is used in the assays of chloride ions and neutral pH. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone also has conjugates with hydrolytic activity and can be used as a synthetic intermediate for other organic compounds. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone can be found in group P2 of the periodic table because it contains a hydroxyl group and an organic group with a methyl ethyl side chain. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone hydrolyzes at high temperatures and may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other agents. This product is also used to incubate cells such as k562 cells.</p>

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl amine is a synthetic molecule that has shown to be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It binds to the surface of cells and activates the immune system by generating antibodies against the disease. This drug has been shown to reduce disease activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as well as improve quality of life. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl amine is being developed for use in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.

<p>(2R, 4S) - 3- Fluoro- 2,4- azetidinedimethanol is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It is a synthetic compound that has been modified by methylation and Click chemistry. The fluorination of the sugar allows for high purity and modification of the carbohydrate. This compound is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>

Glucose (Glu) is the most common carbohydrate on the planet, found in all living organisms and is the major source of metabolic energy for plants and animals. Glucose is a building block in numerous oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is present in blood and milk, in gangliosides and in N- and O-linked glycans (Collins, 2006). Glucose is wrongly called a simple sugar because in solution it exists in five forms: two six membered rings (α/β), two five membered rings (α/β) and a straight chain form, a system known as mutarotation (Robyt, 2012). The proportions of different glucose forms are dictated by temperature and pH. D-Glucose is optically active (dextrorotary) and L-Glucose is its enantiomer (Levorotary). Its hydroxyl groups are all equatorial, providing maximum stability, according to Hudsons rules (Hudson, 1948).

<p>(-)-D-Noviose is a naturally occurring sulfoxide that was first isolated from the tubercles of tuberculosis patients. It is a biosynthetic precursor to tiacumicin, an antibacterial agent. In addition, (-)-D-Noviose has been shown to act as a chaperone and inhibit cancer cells in vitro. (-)-D-Noviose binds to the cysteine residues of proteins, preventing their oxidation and subsequent aggregation. This prevents the cross-linking of proteins that leads to cellular damage and death.</p>

2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-L-arabinofuranosyl fluoride is a monosaccharide sugar that has been fluorinated. It is a custom synthesis of methylation and click modification. The CAS number for this product is 565-64-8. This product has been modified to make it more resistant to degradation by enzymes such as alpha amylase and beta amylase. It is also used for polysaccharide synthesis and saccharides with higher purity than other products on the market. This product is synthesized from natural sources, making it high in purity and suitable for use in food production.END>

<p>1,2-Dideoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribose is a synthetic sugar that can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It has been modified with fluorine, methylation, and click chemistry. It is also available as a high purity product. 1,2-Dideoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribose is an oligosaccharide that is used in glycosylation reactions to form polysaccharides or saccharides. Click chemistry allows for the modification of this sugar with other molecules such as amino acids or peptides. This modification may be useful for studying protein interactions or for drug development.</p>

<p>Resource for the synthesis of 2-azido- and 2-deoxy-L-glucoses and 1,2-epoxides</p>

Hyacinthine is a sugar that is synthesized in the laboratory. It is modified with fluorine, methyl, and click chemistry. Hyacinthine has been shown to have antifungal, antiviral, and antitumour properties. It also has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. Hyacinthine can be used as a probe for the study of glycosylation reactions or as a model for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.

<p>UDP-b-L-arabinopyranose is a nucleotide sugar that is used in the synthesis of proteins and other macromolecules. It is synthesized from uridine and d-ribulose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribulokinase. The reaction between UDP, b-L-arabinofuranose, and ATP, catalyzed by arabinofuranosyl transferase, produces UDP-b-L-arabinopyranose. This nucleotide sugar can be converted to UDP-b-(1→4)-glucuronate by the enzyme glucuronosyltransferase. This process plays an important role in plant physiology as well as in cell wall biosynthesis. The optimal pH for this conversion is 7.5 to 8.2.</p>

<p>Low-calorie sweetener; additive in detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals</p>

<p>The polysaccharide Lentinan is isolated from the mushroom L. edodes (shitake mushroom). The primary structure is a β-(1–3)-glucose backbone with two (1–6)-β-glucose branches for each five glucose resiodues. Lentinan is clinically used for cancer treatment both in China and Japan. According to the clinical studies published in and outside of China, lentinan-based drugs are used for the treatment of various cancers, including lung, gastric, colorectal and other cancers. In addition, lentinan-based drugs are also used for treating HIV, hepatitis and malignant pleural effusion.</p>

Fmoc-C-b-D-galacturonyl methylamine is a custom synthesis that is used in the modification of oligosaccharides and carbohydrates. It is also used as a precursor for the synthesis of glycosylated saccharides by methylation, glycosylation, and fluorination. Fmoc-C-b-D-galacturonyl methylamine has been shown to be an excellent starting material for the production of high purity complex carbohydrates.

<p>Epi-inositol, also known as myo-inositol, is a member of the group of molecules known as sugar alcohols. It is a naturally occurring compound that is found in the human body and can be synthesized by the human body from glucose. Epi-inositol has been shown to have a number of biological effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation and energy metabolism in ovarian cancer cells. Epi-inositol has also been used in clinical trials for treatment of mood disorders such as depression.</p>

Tetra-O-acetyl-6-azido-6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate that has been modified to include a fluorine atom. This modification can be carried out using a variety of methods, including chlorination or bromination with elemental fluorine or chlorine gas, or by direct replacement of the hydroxyl group with a fluorine atom. Tetra-O-acetyl-6-azido-6-deoxy-aDglucopyranose is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycosides. It can also be methylated, glycosylated, and click modified.

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-L-xylofuranose is a sugar molecule that has been modified to inhibit glycosidases. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-L-xylofuranose is an iminosugar that inhibits the enzyme β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase. The compound is not metabolized and it binds to the enzyme's active site. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl L xylofuranose has been shown to be effective at inhibiting all of the glycosidases tested in this study with inhibition potencies ranging from 0.1 mM to 10 mM. This compound also inhibits epoxides and cyclic enzymes such as azido reductase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.</p>

Precursor of N-acetylneuraminic acid