Monosaccharides

<p>Applications Ethylmalonic Acid is used as a diagnostic agent used in the diagnosis of Ethylmalonic encephalopathy which is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism.<br>References Baertling, F. et al.: Eur. J. Pediat., 173, 1719 (2014); Sudo, Y. et al.: Hu,am Genome Var., 1, 15016 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Monosaccharide anhydrides, new markers of toasted oak wood used for ageing wines and distillates.<br>References Goldberg, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 3978 (1999), Fu, P., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 286 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase.<br>References Cozier, G.E. et al.: Biochem. J., 340, 639 (1999);<br></p>

<p>A solar thermal collector is a device that absorbs the sun's heat, or thermal energy, and converts it to useful heat energy. It consists of a dark-colored surface (usually metal) that absorbs sunlight and transfers the heat by radiation to a fluid such as water or oil, which then carries the heat away for use. The efficiency of this type of collector depends on the quantity of sunlight that reaches it, the temperature difference between the hot fluid and ambient air, and its design. A typical solar thermal collector has an efficiency of about 10%.</p>

<p>Intermediate for the anomeric modification of GlcU, including glucuronylation</p>

<p>3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucal is a benzyl protected, 2,3 unsaturated glucal used as a chiral intermediate. The C2-C3 double bond of the pyranose ring can be modified via a variety of reactions including: hydrogenation, oxidation, hydroxylation, and aminohydroxylation, to generate structural complexity. 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucal also minimizes tedious protecting-group strategies required for fully oxygenated sugars. The products of 2,3 unsaturated glycosides as chiral intermediates have played a role in the synthesis of many biologically active compounds, such as, nucleosides and modified sugar derivatives.</p>

<p>Scyllo-inosamine is a redox potential that belongs to the class of antimicrobial agents. It is derived from the amino acid inosine, which is found in RNA and DNA. Scyllo-inosamine has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. It also acts as an aminotransferase inhibitor, which may be used for the treatment of certain human pathogens. Scyllo-inosamine has been shown to have beneficial effects on the regulation of benzyl groups and hydroxyl group reactions. It has also been shown to inhibit polymerase chain reaction activity and titration calorimetry activity.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-lyxofuranose is a custom organic synthesis. The product is an Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide that belongs to the carbohydrate family. It can be used for methylation reactions and click chemistry modifications with other molecules. This product has been found to have high purity, and it can be used in various applications such as Fluorination, complex carbohydrate, and Modification. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-lyxofuranose is a monosaccharide sugar that has a molecular weight of 327.24 g/mol and a melting point of 155°C.</p>

<p>D-Xylonic acid-1,4-lactone is a substrate that participates in the synthesis of glyceric acid. It has been shown to be a synthetic substrate for benzyl groups and leukemia HL-60 cells. D-Xylonic acid-1,4-lactone can react with chloride ions to form D-xylose. The product of this reaction is an epimerization reaction that occurs when the hydroxyl group on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group (C1) reacts with a proton from water to form a double bond at C2. This conversion produces xylonic acid and lactone.</p>

<p>L-iduronic acid (IdoA) (Collins, 2006) is the major uronic acid component of the glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and heparin. Iduronic acid is also present in heparan sulfate, although in a minor amount relative to glucuronic acid. Glycosaminoglycans represent a physiologically important group of molecules involved in a variety of biological functions, such as, cell proliferation, cell-to-cell communication, wound healing, coagulation, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. Glycosaminoglycans present an intriguing target for the design of new approaches for diagnostic and therapeutic agents against various infectious diseases (Kamhi, 2013).</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-triphenylmethyl-b-D-glucopyranose (TATPG) is a carbohydrate that belongs to the family of saccharides. It is a synthetic sugar with a modified glycosidic linkage between the hexoses 1 and 2. The preparation of TATPG is through the modification of sugar with fluorination and glycosylation. TATPG has been used in Click chemistry to attach polymers and proteins to oligosaccharides or monosaccharides. This modification can be achieved through methylation or substitution reactions with other chemical groups such as acetate, phosphates, and thiols. This molecule has also been used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates by modifying the glucose unit with glucose oxidase, which leads to the formation of D-arabinitol 1,5-.</p>

<p>UDP-α-D-galacturonic acid is a biochemical precursor for the synthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and lipopolysaccharides. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in vitro. The presence of this compound may be detected by its ability to act as a substrate for glucuronidation reactions.</p>

<p>Propargyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis chemical. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is also used as an inhibitor of methylation reactions, which are important in DNA replication. The chemical has been modified with fluorine groups at its 3' position to provide high purity. This modification also allows the synthesis of complex carbohydrates that contain multiple saccharide units. Propargyl a-D-mannopyranoside is synthesized by reacting mannose with propargyl bromide under basic conditions, followed by hydrolysis of the ester group to give propargyl a-D-mannopyranoside.</p>

<p>Scyllo-inositol is a sugar alcohol that is an effective inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of these enzymes in a model system, which may be due to its structural similarity to inositol. Scyllo-inositol has also been shown to have physiological effects on cell lysis and metabolic disorders. The inhibitory properties of scyllo-inositol have been evaluated using microdialysis probes and x-ray crystal structures.</p>

<p>4-O-Methyl-D-glucose is an acidic sugar that is found in the cell walls of plants. It has been shown to have structural studies on plant cells, with ion-exchange and ester linkages. 4-O-Methyl-D-glucose is metabolized by microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast. This sugar can be oxidized to form acid or oligosaccharides as well as oxidation products such as methylglyoxal. 4-O-Methyl-D-glucose is also used in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides which make up the connective tissue of tumor cells. This sugar can be synthesized from D-mannose by a diazonium salt reaction followed by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. The hydroxyl group on this sugar can be acetylated to form acetylated 4-O methyl glucose.</p>

<p>1,2:3,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose is a synthetic glycoside that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It has been used for the modification of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This compound has also been modified with fluorine to form 1,2:3,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-(1'-fluoro)-xylofuranose. The chemical name of this product is CAS No. 20881-04-3.</p>

<p>D-Glucal is a protonated d-glucal, which is a simple sugar. It reacts with the electron acceptor oxygen to form an oxidized product. This product can be reduced back to the original molecule by using a reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride or sodium dithionite. D-Glucal has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in mice that are resistant to other anticancer drugs. D-Glucal inhibits transcription and replication of DNA by binding to the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and blocking its ability to transcribe messenger RNA (mRNA). The enzyme is also inhibited by glycosidic bond architectures that prevent it from binding to the DNA template strand. D-Glucal also has an effect on protein synthesis because it binds to proteins and prevents them from performing their normal functions.<br>D-Glucal has been used as a model system for studying cellular processes in mammalian cells, such as oxidation</p>

<p>Xylose (Xyl) is an aldopentose also known as wood sugar (Collins, 2006). The main sources of xylose are hemicelluloses found in hardwood and perennial plants, such as, grasses, cereals, and herbs (Petzold-Welcke, 2014) and some algae. Xylose is used in the production of xylitol, a low calory sugar substitute. Xylose is used in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis, which is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. The first enzyme in the pathway, peptide O-xylosyltransferase, catalyzes the transfer of xylose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-α-D-xylose onto serine and thus determines the site(s) of GAG attachment on the core protein (Briggs, 2018).</p>

<p>6-O-Methyl-D-galactopyranose is a monosaccharide that is an important component of the glycosidic linkage in the plant galactomannans. 6-O-Methyl-D-galactopyranose has been shown to be a good substrate for immobilized lectin, which can be used in ionization techniques as well as to characterize glycoproteins and glycopeptides. 6-O-Methyl-D-galactopyranose has also been used in the identification of blood groups and amino acid analysis.</p>

<p>Quinovosamine hydrochloride (QNH) is a fatty acid that belongs to the group of galacturonic acid. It has been shown to be biologically active in wild-type strains and in some bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. QNH has also been used for preparation of monoclonal antibodies directed against receptor activity, which are activated by QNH.</p>