Peptides

<p>Cbz-N-Amido-dPEG®12-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Cbz-N-Amido-dPEG®12-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Morphine tolerance peptide is a cyclic peptide analog of morphine. It has been shown to have an affinity for the kappa-opioid receptor that is similar to that of morphine, but it has a higher potency and a longer duration of action. The molecular modeling study indicates that the analog interacts with the receptor in a similar manner as morphine and exhibits high selectivity for this receptor. The analog also shares many of the same features as morphine in terms of depressant effect and locomotor activity, but does not produce any kind of withdrawal syndrome.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®7-Amine is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®7-Amine is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>[Met(O)12]-ANP (Human, 1-28) is a peptide that activates the guanylate cyclase. It has been shown to bind to the receptor for ANP, which is present in many cell types. The binding of [Met(O)12]-ANP (Human, 1-28) to its receptor leads to an increase in intracellular cGMP levels and consequently an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. This product is a research tool for protein interactions and can be used as an inhibitor or activator. The purity of this product is &gt;98%.</p>

<p>m-dPEG®12-Lipoamide is a PEG molecule conjugated with a lipid moiety. m-dPEG®12-Lipoamide, conjugated to this lipid constituent, is very important especially in drug delivery and vaccine development as it helps improve the stability and circulation time of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes.</p>

Peptide product related to the 1-34 amino acids of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and available as a 0.5mg vial. PTH is a peptide hormone that is secreted from the parathyroid gland in the event of abnormal serum calcium levels and it ultimately regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body. The PTH exerts its activity through binding to the G-protein coupled receptor type 1 PTH receptor, which activates adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C thus activating pathways involved in the mediation of bone resorption and bone formation. This product is suitable for life science applications.

<p>dPEG®12 Biotin Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. dPEG®12 Biotin Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>m-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Endothelin-3 (ET-3) is a protein that belongs to the large family of endothelin peptides which activate the G-protein coupled receptors ETA and ETB. However ET-3 has lower affinity for the ETA receptors compared to Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Endothelin-2 (ET-2), whereas all three endothelins have similar affinity for ETB receptors. As ETB receptors make up around 90% of the endothelin receptors found in the cerebral cortex in humans, ET-3 can be nicknamed the ‘brain endothelin’. Also through ET-3’s activation of ETB receptors, ET-3 is involved in the development of the enteric nervous system which controls within the gut, blood flow, secretion and intestinal motility. This product has disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys and Cys3-Cys11, is sourced from Porcine, Rat and Rabbit and is available as a 0.5mg vial</p>

<p>BNP-32 is a peptide that is an activator of the B2 receptor. It has been shown to inhibit the ion channels in cells, which may be due to its binding to the ligand-binding site on the receptor. BNP-32 has also been shown to bind to antibodies and can be used as a research tool for cell biology or other areas of life science. BNP-32 is a high purity product with CAS No. 123337-89-3.</p>

<p>Bradykinin-potentiator B is a peptide that belongs to the group of activators. It has been shown to activate ion channels and is used as a research tool for studying protein interactions, receptor pharmacology, and ligand binding. Bradykinin-potentiator B can be used in cell biology for studying protein interactions with antibodies or receptors. Bradykinin potentiator B binds to the receptor site and activates it by changing its conformation. This leads to changes in the cell's behavior, such as increased secretion of hormones or neurotransmitters.</p>

<p>E-64-c is a research tool that is used to activate the receptor of a cell. This ligand can bind to the receptor and form a complex, which will then be able to interact with other proteins in the cell. This process can lead to changes in ion channel activity, protein synthesis, or gene expression. E-64-c has been shown to inhibit the activity of ion channels such as calcium channels and potassium channels, as well as protein synthesis. It also binds to antibodies and blocks their binding sites on cells.br&gt;<br>E-64-c is a high purity ligand that can be used for studying protein interactions or pharmacological purposes. The potency of this ligand has been tested by measuring its ability to inhibit the binding of various peptides such as vasopressin and angiotensin II.</p>

<p>[Asn1,Val5]-Angiotensin II is a peptide that is used as a research tool to study the effects of angiotensin II on ion channels, ligand-receptor interactions and protein interactions. It is also used as an antibody to measure the level of angiotensin II in cells. This peptide has been shown to be an activator of potassium channels and inhibits calcium channels. The high purity of this product makes it suitable for use in pharmacology and cell biology research.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Z-Gly-Phe is a peptide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the reactive site of a pancreatic enzyme. This site is normally occupied by a hydrogen bond and the compound binds to it by occupying this space, resulting in the inhibition of enzyme activity. Z-Gly-Phe has been shown to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rats, which may be due to its ability to bind with sodium carbonate. The binding constants of Z-Gly-Phe and its inhibitors have been determined using an analytical method that measures changes in pH. The optimum pH for Z-Gly-Phe is 8.5, which corresponds with the optimal pH for human pancreatic enzymes.</p>

<p>ß-Alanyl-L-Histidine is a dipeptide that is naturally occurring in the human body and is involved in many biochemical processes. It is a precursor of carnosine, which can be found in muscle and brain tissue. Carnosine has been shown to have antioxidant properties and has been used as a supplement for those who are at risk of developing diabetes. Carnosine supplementation has also been shown to improve exercise performance by increasing muscle strength and improving the function of muscle cells. ß-Alanyl-L-Histidine may also have metal chelate properties due to its ability to bind metals such as iron and copper.</p>

Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-NHS Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-NHS Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>m-dPEG®-Acid (MW = 412) is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®-Acid (MW = 412) is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®4-Alcohol is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, azido-dPEG®4-Alcohol is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>The Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide which is found in plasma, peripheral organs and neurons. It has been found to induce delta sleep in mammals and have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as well as be absorbed from the gut. Studies have shown that DSIP plasma concentration and the human circadian rhythm are correlated and that DSIP concentrations are dependent on the initiation of sleep. DSIP has also demonstrated its ability to affect levels of hormones, neurotransmitters and psychological performance. In patients with schizophrenia and depression levels of DSIP in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were found to be lower compared to healthy controls. Clinically DFSIP has already been used to treat opioid and alcohol withdrawal in reducing symptoms felt by patients.<br>This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Substance P is a neuropeptide that is synthesized from the precursor protein pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Substance P has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of proteins that are necessary for cell division. It also stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators and has been shown to have an activator effect on receptors. This product is used as a research tool in cell biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology.</p>

<p>Beta-Casomorphin-7 is a research tool that is used in the study of cell biology and pharmacology. It is an activator of the opioid receptor and a ligand for the receptor. The Beta-Casomorphin-7 (Bovine) antibody can be used to identify receptors on cells involved in protein interactions, ion channels, and high purity. It's CAS number is 72122-62-4.</p>

<p>Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-H (aldehyde) is a peptide that is an agonist of the ion channels. It can be used as a research tool in studies on protein interactions and receptor pharmacology. Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-H (aldehyde) binds to the ligand binding site of ion channels, which activates or inhibits their function. This peptide has been shown to inhibit the activity of potassium channels and glutamate receptors, and it can be used as an antibody for cell biology and immunology experiments.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®13-NHS Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®13-NHS Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®36-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®36-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®12-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, amino-dPEG®12-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®8-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®8-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®8)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®8)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Portion of Influenza NP</p>

<p>Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly is a peptide with the molecular formula C14H20N4O2. It is an inhibitor of protein interactions, activator of ligands and receptor, and has a CAS number of 2382-80-1. This product is used in research to study ion channels and antibodies.</p>

<p>Des-Arg9-bradykinin is a peptide that is a potent activator of the B2 receptor. It is a potent inhibitor of ion channels, including Ca2+, K+ and Na+ channels. Des-Arg9-bradykinin has been used as a research tool in cell biology, particularly to investigate the role of bradykinins in signal transduction pathways. This chemical is highly purified and can be obtained from Sigma-Aldrich with CAS No. 15958-92-6.</p>

<p>Boc-Leu-Ser-Thr-Arg-AMC is a fluorescent peptide used as a research tool to study protein interactions. It can be used to activate or inhibit ion channels. Boc-Leu-Ser-Thr-Arg-AMC is a high purity, water soluble peptide that has been purified by HPLC and characterized for its purity and integrity by mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis.</p>

<p>Gly-Gly is a natural compound that belongs to the group of esters. It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in vitro and in vivo. Gly-Gly has been shown to inhibit the growth of carcinoma cells by binding with hydrogen bonding interactions, which leads to cell death. This compound also has a strong antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In addition, gly-gly has been shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. This compound may be useful for treating infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as MRSA or methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).</p>

<p>DNP-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. DNP-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>This product contains disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys14. Somatostatin is a hormone that regulates the release of growth hormones, insulin, and glucagon from the pancreas. It is widely expressed throughout the body for example in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, hypothalamus, pancreas and the central nervous system. In the central nervous system somatostatin plays a role in neurotransmission modification and it has also demonstrated to be effective against a number of cancers such as squamous carcinoma.</p>

<p>His-Leu is a signal peptide that contains the amino acid sequence His-Leu. It is used in a variety of diagnostic tests and has been shown to bind to the p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibitor binding site on the enzyme histone H1. This peptide has also been shown to inhibit the activity of histone H1 enzymes, which are involved in the regulation of DNA replication and transcription. In addition, His-Leu has been shown to inhibit specific enzymes that regulate human serum albumin synthesis, such as preparative high performance liquid chromatography (Hplc) and terminal residues. His-Leu can be used for diagnosis or as an inhibitor for infectious diseases.</p>

<p>Motilin is a peptide that is used as a research tool in the fields of cell biology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. It is an activator of the motilin receptor and has been shown to bind to ligand-gated ion channels. Motilin has also been shown to inhibit the activity of high-voltage activated calcium channels.</p>

<p>Platelet Factor-4 (PF4) is an activator of G protein coupled receptors that belongs to the group of peptides. PF4 binds to the CXCR1 receptor and activates it, which causes a change in the ion channels. It has been shown that PF4 can activate other G protein coupled receptors such as CXCR2 and CXCR3. This protein is used in research as a ligand for antibody production or as a research tool for studying the interactions between proteins. Platelet Factor-4 has been shown to inhibit ATPase activity in cell membranes and may be useful in pharmacological studies.</p>

<p>CGRP (Rat) product with the disulfide Bonds: Cys2-Cys7 and available as a 0.5mg vial. CGRP is the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide that plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow, as well as pain perception, inflammation, and neurogenic inflammation. It is a potent vasodilator and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes.<br>This product has the potential for use in the study of the physiological and pathological roles of CGRP and to investigate the effects of CGRP on blood vessels, neurons, and other tissues. It has also been used to develop models of migraine headaches and other conditions associated with CGRP dysfunction.</p>

<p>1-Deoxyfructosyl-Val is a research tool used to study the roles of ligands and receptors. 1-Deoxyfructosyl-Val binds to active sites on ion channels and blocks the flow of ions through these channels. This can be an important factor in the regulation of muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and other processes in living cells. 1-Deoxyfructosyl-Val is an inhibitor that is used to study protein interactions. It has been shown that 1-deoxyfructosyl-val can inhibit the binding of antibodies to peptides, which are small proteins.</p>

<p>Osteocalcin (OC) is a bone-specific protein that plays important roles in bone metabolism. It is involved in the regulation of bone mineralization and turnover, as well as the formation of new bone matrix. The OC protein is a member of the family of bone regulatory proteins, which includes osteopontin and sclerostin. It interacts with many other proteins such as ion channels, receptors, and ligands. This antibody has been used to identify OC protein interactions with these proteins. It can be used for research purposes in pharmacology or cell biology applications.</p>

<p>TFF1 is a protein that belongs to the TNF family of cytokines. It is a homodimer with two identical chains that are linked by disulfide bonds at specific positions. TFF1 has been shown to be secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes in response to LPS stimulation. TFF1 binds to the cell membrane of target cells and induces proinflammatory responses such as cytokine production and the activation of NF-κB. These effects are mediated through its ability to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) which regulates gene expression in immune cells.<br>DISULFIDE BONDS: The covalent linkage between two polypeptide chains or between two amino acid residues <br>CHROMATOGRAPHY: A process for separating mixtures based on molecular weight, size, shape, or other physical properties <br>RECOMBINANT: Produced by recombining genetic material from different</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (126-150) (rat) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

Please enquire for more information about [Gln18]-Platelet Factor 4 (15-22) (human) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

<p>Human Thyroglobulin is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a total molecular mass of 660 kDa.  For solubility use phosphate buffer, pH&gt;7.0 containing 0.15M NaCl.</p>

<p>S-Acetyl-dPEG®12-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, S-Acetyl-dPEG®12-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>BNP Human is a peptide with a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa. It is the human form of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and is used for research purposes in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, and life science. BNP Human is an activator of ion channels and inhibits protein interactions. BNP Human has been shown to have effects on receptors and ligands. It has CAS number: 60714-06-2.</p>

<p>SPDP-dPEG®36-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. SPDP-dPEG®36-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>The Peptide YY (Rat, Mouse) EIA Kit is a research tool that can be used to detect peptides in rat and mouse samples. It is an immunoassay kit that detects the presence of peptide YY in rat and mouse samples. The assay has a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of peptide YY. The kit contains all the necessary components for performing the test, including antibodies, buffers, standards and controls. The kit also contains a detailed protocol for performing the assay.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Lymphocyte Activating Pentapeptide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Calcitonin, rat including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

Charybdotoxin is a peptide toxin that is found in scorpion venom. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the adenylyl cyclase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cAMP from ATP. Charybdotoxin binds to the cavity of the enzyme and blocks access to ATP, preventing the accumulation of cAMP. This inhibition leads to a decrease in calcium ions in cells, and thus causes relaxation of smooth muscle tissue. Charybdotoxin has been shown to cause relaxation of bowel disease in mice by inhibiting contraction of intestinal muscle tissue. Charybdotoxin also has been shown to have therapeutic effects on pluripotent cells such as miapaca-2 cells by increasing their ability to form new blood vessels.

<p>Please enquire for more information about Caspase 3 Substrate 1m (Apopain), fluorogenic including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen Amino-Terminal Peptide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

Mannose binding lectin is a host defense protein which has the ability to recognize a variety of infectious agents. This Mannose Binding Lectin Light Tryptic Peptide Standard can be used in protein identification and quantitation studies.

Please enquire for more information about Pneumadin (rat) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

<p>Anti P2X4 (370-388) (Rat) Serum is a research tool that can be used to measure the activation of P2X4 receptors. It is suitable for use in antibody-based applications, such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Anti P2X4 (370-388) (Rat) Serum is a high purity product that has been extensively characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and amino acid analysis. The purified peptide is supplied at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in phosphate buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide as preservative and 50% glycerol as cryoprotectant. The product is sold under reference number CAS No. 74941-79-6 and has the molecular weight of 3199.87 Da. Anti P2X4 (370-388) (Rat) Serum can be used to study protein interactions, receptor ligand pharmacology, ion</p>

<p>CGRP, humanAntiserum is a peptide that is the major peptide in the calcitonin gene-related peptide family. CGRP inhibits the activation of certain ion channels, which are proteins in cell membranes that allow ions to cross the membrane. It is also known to be an activator of certain G protein-coupled receptors, as well as a ligand for some receptor types. CGRP has been shown to play a role in vascular smooth muscle contraction and pain regulation.</p>

<p>DOTA-tris(Acid)-Amido-dPEG®3-Bromoacetamide is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. DOTA-tris(Acid)-Amido-dPEG®3-Bromoacetamide is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>The HIV-1 p24 Recombinant, His Tag (abbreviated as HIV-1 HRP) is a recombinant protein that is purified from the culture supernatant of transfected HEK293 cells. It has been immobilized on a His-tagged protein A column for purification. The recombinant protein has been proven to be an effective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).<br>HRP binds to the CD4 receptor, which is a major component of the cellular membrane. This binding causes conformational changes in the HRP and initiates signal transduction pathways in the cell, leading to an antiviral state.</p>

<p>This product is a Substance P antagonist. Substance P is a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. It is best known for its role in nociception or pain perception. Substance P is also involved in other biological processes such as the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and the inflammatory response. As a tachykinin neuropeptide, substance P acts through binding to its specific neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R). NK-1R is present in neurons and on glial cell types. Substance P is also involved in: increased inflammation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and the skin and neuroinflammation. Interestingly the levels of Substance P are raised in inflammatory bowel diseases and through its involvement in cytokine release, it contributes to asthma pathology. These diverse selection of functions makes substance P a target for therapeutic research.</p>

Human GIP (Active) ELISA (1ea) is a human GIP ELISA kit that detects the presence of active human GIP in a sample. This kit is designed to detect human GIP in serum, plasma, and urine. The assay has been validated for the quantitative measurement of active human GIP in samples from healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

NHS-dPEG®4-( m-dPEG®8)3-Este is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. NHS-dPEG®4-( m-dPEG®8)3-Este is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>Insulin Wakayama is a recombinant human insulin that is made from genetically engineered bacteria. This product's amino acid sequence is identical to that of human insulin, and it has been shown to be active in humans. Insulin Wakayama has a high degree of purity and can be used as an immunological reagent, research tool, or pharmaceutical agent. It is also useful for studying protein interactions and the pharmacology of peptides. Insulin Wakayama has an ion channel activity and binds to receptors on the cell surface through its ligand-binding domain. This interaction activates the receptor by opening ion channels in the membrane, resulting in changes in cellular metabolism. Insulin Wakayama is not an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase enzymes such as protein tyrosine phosphatases or protein tyrosine kinases.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about DBCO-Acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Gastrin-related peptide is a peptide that is involved in the regulation of the growth of cells. It has been shown to promote cancer cell growth, and may be involved in other cancers such as prostate cancer and neurological disorders. Gastrin related peptide is not active against normal cells, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.</p>

<p>Anti Chromogranin A (94-130) (Rat) Serum is a Pharmacology, Peptides, Cell Biology, inhibitor. It has CAS No. of 6556-88-2 and Protein interactions. Anti Chromogranin A (94-130) (Rat) Serum is Activator, Ligand and Receptor. It has High purity. Anti Chromogranin A (94-130) (Rat) Serum is manufactured by Life Science. Anti Chromogranin A (94-130) (Rat) Serum is used as Research tool in Ion channels, Antibody etc.</p>

<p>Anti PTHrP (1-34)-NH₂ is a peptide that belongs to the group of research tools. It is an activator of ion channels and has been shown to inhibit protein interactions. The CAS number is 6078-00-3, and the molecular weight is 7.5 kDa. Anti PTHrP (1-34)-NH₂ can be used as a pharmacological tool for studying the function of receptors and ligands, including those associated with cell biology and immunology.</p>

<p>Anti ACTH (1-23) (Rat) Serum is a recombinant peptide that is an activator of the hypothalamus. It has been shown to have a high affinity for the receptor, and it can be used as a research tool in cell biology and pharmacology. Anti ACTH (1-23) (Rat) Serum is used in the study of ion channels, ligands, and antibodies. This peptide has been used to inhibit the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland and can be used to study the effects of anti-ACTH on other hormones. Anti ACTH (1-23) (Rat) Serum is purified from E. coli cells with a CAS number of 58612-37-8.</p>

<p>Anti Met-Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 Serum is a research tool for the study of ion channels, ligands and receptors. Anti Met-Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 Serum blocks the binding of peptides to receptors and can be used to determine the specificity of receptor binding. Anti Met-Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 Serum is also a useful reagent in cell biology, as it can be used to block peptide interactions with proteins such as ion channels or membrane receptors. The antibody has been shown to inhibit the activity of the enzyme tyrosine phosphatase, which regulates cellular growth and differentiation.</p>

<p>Native Melan-A (26-35) decapeptide derives from the melanocyte lineage-specific protein Melan-A/MART-1, which is expressed in almost 75-100% of primary and metastatic melanomas.<br>The region 26-35 of Melan-A protein acts as an antigenic peptide that is recognized by CD8+ tumor-reactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for designing antigen-specific cancer vaccines1. It has been shown that CD8+ Melan-A-specific CTLs isolated from melanoma patients efficiently lyse the Melan-A-expressing HLA-A*0201+ melanoma cell line. However, CTLs preferentially recognize the Melan-A (26-35) peptide as compared with the Melan-A (27-35) peptide. Moreover, the Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog (ELAGIGILTV) has a higher binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 than the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide (EAAGIGILTV), and consequently displays more potent antigenicity and immunogenicity.<br>It has been reported that the concentration of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog required to obtain 50% of maximal antigenic activity (EC50) is 0.01nM, whereas that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide is 0.25nM1. Therefore, the relative activity of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog is 25 fold higher than that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide.<br>Furthermore, functional competition assay has shown that the concentration of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog required to achieve 50% inhibition (IC50) of tumor lysis is 2nM, which is 10 fold lower than that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide. Regarding peptide stability in human serum, the half-lifes (t1/2) of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide and the A27L analog are quite similar (45 and 40min, respectively) as measured by HPLC-ESI-MS, but much higher than that of the Melan-A (27-35) nonapeptide (5min).</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Fmoc-N-Lys-(dPEG®12-Biotin)-OH-(Acid) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) light tryptic peptide standard for proteomics studies. CA 125 is an antigenic tumor marker which can be used to diagnose epithelial ovarian cancers. It is expressed by epithelial ovarian neoplasms and cells lining the fallopian tubes, endometrium, pericardium, peritoneum and pleura.</p>

<p>Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a hormone that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. Research has shown that ANP activates the receptor to inhibit the production of cyclic AMP, which is an intracellular second messenger. This process causes the opening of potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization of the membrane, which decreases the excitability of cells. The ANP Antiserum is used as a research tool for studying the effects of ANP on ion channels and protein interactions in cell biology experiments.</p>

<p>NHS-m-dPEG® is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. NHS-m-dPEG® is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Dermcidin-1L is a protein that belongs to the family of ion channels. It is a ligand for the receptor DCC. Dermcidin-1L has been shown to activate the receptor and induce chemotaxis in human neutrophils, which is mediated via activation of phospholipase C and elevation of intracellular calcium levels. This peptide also binds to the receptor LRP6 and inhibits Wnt signaling by competitively binding with LRP6-ligand complexes. Dermcidin-1L has been shown to inhibit proliferation of various cell lines, including pancreatic cancer cells, breast cancer cells, and leukemia cells.</p>

<p>Suc-Ala-Glu-AMC is a synthetic molecule that is used as a research tool to study protein interactions, ion channels, and other cell biology. Suc-Ala-Glu-AMC binds to specific receptors and activates them. This compound can also be used to isolate ligand/receptor complexes. Suc-Ala-Glu-AMC is a high purity compound with an analytical purity of 98%. It has been shown in pharmacological studies to inhibit the activity of peptides such as vasopressin and oxytocin at the receptor level.</p>

<p>Bromoacetamido-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Bromoacetamido-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Vn96 scramble peptide is a negative control peptide that is used in pharmacological and cell biology research. It is an inhibitor of protein interactions and can also be used as a research tool for identifying the ligand or receptor of a protein. Vn96 scramble peptide has been shown to inhibit ion channels, including potassium channels, which are involved in nerve transmission.</p>

Anti LH-RH (Human, Rat) Serum is a serum that inhibits the binding of LHRH to its receptor. This serum has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of LH-RH binding in both human and rat systems. Anti LH-RH (Human, Rat) Serum is also a research tool used to study the effects of peptides on cells, as well as the interactions between proteins. The high purity and low endotoxin levels make this serum suitable for use in life science and cell biology experiments.

Angiotensin II is a peptide that acts as an agonist of the angiotensin receptors. It is a hormone that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. The antagonist can block the effects of the peptide, which may be useful in treating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and congestive heart failure.

<p>Mean particle size: 75 µm. capacity: 0.4 - 0.6 mmol/g. This product can be used for the synthesis of peptides.</p>

<p>Peptide T is a macrophage-activating peptide that has been shown to be effective in treating AIDS-related immunodeficiency. It interacts with the specific target on human macrophages, causing them to proliferate and secrete cytokines. This peptide is effective in humans and has not been found to cause any adverse side effects. It also increases the number of blood lymphocytes in immunocompetent individuals, indicating its safety as a treatment for AIDS-related immunodeficiency.</p>

Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase E.coli (recombinant) is a research peptide that belongs to the group of protein kinases. It is used in scientific studies and experiments to investigate various cellular processes and signaling pathways. This recombinant protein kinase has been shown to play a crucial role in the phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates, which are important molecules involved in energy metabolism and cell signaling. By catalyzing the transfer of phosphate groups, Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase E.coli regulates the balance of nucleotide triphosphates, which are essential for DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and protein synthesis. Its unique properties make it an invaluable tool for researchers studying cellular mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Snakin-1 is a peptide that interacts with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). It is a high purity, potent and selective inhibitor of nAChRs.

<p>VEGI Human is a cytokine that belongs to the group of proteins. Cytokines are small proteins that act as chemical messengers and regulators in the immune system. They are involved in the regulation of immune responses, including induction, activation, and suppression. VEGI Human is a cytokine that regulates the production of other cytokines. VEGI Human has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as asthma and arthritis.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®2-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®2-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) heavy tryptic peptide standard for use in proteomics studies. ACE is involved in the regulation of blood pressure through converting inactive angiotensin I to active angiotensin II and also degrading active Bradykinin.</p>

An Alpha-2-antiplasmin light tryptic peptide standard for protein identification and quantitation studies. Alpha-2-antiplasmin is a serine protease inhibitor of plasmin, an enzyme involved in fibrinolysis.

<p>Anti Leptin (Rat) Serum is a peptide that is used as a research tool to activate the receptor. Anti Leptin (Rat) Serum has been shown to inhibit protein interactions and may be used in pharmacology to study the effects of leptin on ion channels. This antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA.</p>

<p>Lysyl-bradykinin (Kallidin) is a peptide that is a member of the kallikrein family. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the enzyme lysyl oxidase, which is involved in the cross-linking of collagen and elastin. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to the breakdown of collagen and elastin, which are important components for maintaining healthy skin. Lysyl-bradykinin has been immobilized with covalent immobilization techniques and has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of lysyl oxidase in an enzymatic reaction.<br>BRADYKININ: Bradykinins are peptides that are generated from kininogens by kallikreins, including prekallikreins and kallikreins. They act as vasodilators by stimulating smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels to release nitric oxide. Bradykinins also increase</p>

<p>Anti PTH (1-15) (Rat) Serum is a research tool that is used to study the activity of the parathyroid hormone. This product can be used as an activator or ligand in cell biology experiments. It has been shown to have a high affinity for the parathyroid hormone receptor and can be used to study protein interactions. Anti PTH (1-15) (Rat) Serum can also be used in pharmacological studies and may inhibit ion channels. This product has been shown to bind with peptides, which are small proteins, as well as antibodies and it may also inhibit protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Neuromedin U Precursor-Related Peptide 33 (Rat, Mouse) is a research tool that can be used to study the effects of neuromedin U on the activation of receptors. This peptide is a ligand for the receptor and has been shown to inhibit ion channels. Neuromedin U Precursor-Related Peptide 33 (Rat, Mouse) may also be used as an antibody or in protein interactions studies. This product is made from high purity materials and can be used in pharmacology and life science experiments.</p>

<p>Phebestin is a peptide that activates the immune system. It is an activator of antibodies and an inhibitor of ion channels. Phebestin has been shown to inhibit protein interactions and receptor binding, as well as ligand-receptor binding. It is used in research tools for studying cell biology, pharmacology, and protein interactions. Phebestin has a CAS number of 187402-73-9 and is available in high purity.</p>

<p>H-Ala-Pro-OH is a molecule that has the ability to bind to the active site of enzymes. It inhibits the activity of esterases and proteases by binding to their active sites and blocking access to substrates. This drug also inhibits the uptake of drugs in cells by competitively inhibiting membrane transport proteins, such as P-glycoprotein. H-Ala-Pro-OH binds to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and shows a kinetic effect on this neurotransmitter’s activity. The conformational properties of H-Ala-Pro-OH are not fully understood, but it is thought that its low energy allows it to bind to intracellular proteins more easily than other molecules.</p>

<p>The dystrophin protein is encoded for by the DMD gene which when mutated can result in a muscle-wasting diseases, Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As a member of the β-spectrin/α-actinin protein family the dystrophin cytoskeletal protein has a NH2 – terminal actin binding domain and spectrin-like repeats. This product can be used as a peptide calibrator for Mass Spectroscopy research.</p>

Biotin-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Biotin-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

This is a TenetalGel B resin product which represents a line of bifunctional resins that are useful for orthogonal synthesis. TentaGel is a gelatinous resin, an important support for solid phase synthesis. TentaGel resins are constructed with a backbone of low crosslinked polystyrene grafted with polyoxyethylene (polyethylene glycol). The typical chain length of POE (n) is approximately 68 ethylene oxide units or an average MW of 3000. This long chain creates a spacer that effectively separates the reactive site (X) from the crosslinked backbone matrix.  Particle size: 90 µm; Boc capacity: 0.2 - 0.3 mmol/g; free NH2 capacity: 4 - 8 µmol/g

<p>Azido-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

Alpha-conotoxin MI is a peptide toxin that binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Alpha-conotoxin MI is a high-purity, recombinant peptide that has been shown to be an activator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and inhibit the voltage-gated potassium channel. It may be used as a research tool in cell biology, pharmacology, and neuroscience.

<p>Leptin is a hormone that regulates energy metabolism by modulating appetite and body weight. Leptin is produced by fat cells and signals to the hypothalamus of the brain about how much fat tissue there is. It also helps regulate other metabolic processes, such as insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Leptin has been shown to have an anorectic effect in rodents, which may be due to its ability to reduce food intake or increase energy expenditure. In humans, leptin levels are higher in obese individuals than in those with normal weight, which indicates that this hormone may play a role in obesity.</p>

Please enquire for more information about Val-His-[D7]Leu-Thr-Pro-Glu including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) heavy tryptic peptide standard for protein identification and quantitation studies. LP-PLA2 is a phospholipase A2 enzyme known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and it is largely associated with low density lipoprotein in the blood.

MAL-dPEG®4-Lys(-5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein)-NH-m-dPEG®24 is a PEG compound containing a fluorescein dye used for tagging biomolecules, and serving as fluorescent probe for bioimaging applications.

<p>Amyloid β (42-1) is a protein that is used as a research tool. Amyloid β (42-1) is an activator of the Ligand Receptor interaction, and also binds to cell surface receptors. It has been shown to inhibit ion channels in cells, which may be related to Alzheimer's disease.</p>

<p>NRGN is a protein that is encoded by the neurogranin gene. It is expressed in the human brain and has been shown to be involved in synaptic transmission and memory formation. NRGN binds to calmodulin and phosphorylates protein kinase C, which activates MAPK pathways. The molecular mass of NRGN is about 60 kDa for recombinant human proteins.</p>

<p>Ac-Asp-Met-Gln-Asp-H aldehyde is a synthetic peptide that has been shown to inhibit protein interactions with the extracellular domain of the human insulin receptor. It also has been shown to activate the receptor, which leads to increased intracellular calcium levels and increased insulin secretion. Ac-Asp-Met-Gln-Asp-H aldehyde may be used as a research tool for studying protein interactions or as an antibody labeling agent. It is highly pure and can be used in cell biology and life science laboratories.</p>

<p>LISA-101 is a peptide that can be used as a research tool for the study of receptor activation and ligand binding. LISA-101 is an inhibitor of ion channels, which are proteins that allow electrically charged particles to move in and out of cells. LISA-101 binds to receptors on the surface of cells and blocks ion channels from opening. This prevents the flow of ions across the membrane, which blocks nerve impulses, leading to a decrease in pain sensation. LISA-101 has been shown to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels and calcium channels, both which are involved in pain perception.</p>

<p>Z-Glu-Lys(Biotinyl)-Asp-CH2-DMB is a peptide that belongs to the class of activators. It is a high purity, ion channel inhibitor and has been shown to inhibit protein interactions. The peptide has also been shown to be an antibody and receptor ligand. Z-Glu-Lys(Biotinyl)-Asp-CH2-DMB is used as a research tool to study ion channels and cell biology. This peptide has been found in the CAS Registry Number 57590-46-8.</p>

RS09/Toll Like Receptor (TLR) 4 agonist – APPHALS

<p>IL 17A/F Human is a recombinant protein that activates the IL-17 receptor, which is a member of the IL-1 family. It can be used as a research tool in pharmacology and cell biology to study protein interactions. IL 17A/F Human is also an inhibitor of IL-17 and can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.</p>

<p>Anti Galanin (1-15) (Rat) Serum is a peptide that is expressed in the rat brain and has an inhibitory effect on the release of galanin from neurons. The peptide interacts with high affinity to receptors for galanin, which are present in many tissues, including the central nervous system. Anti Galanin (1-15) (Rat) Serum is used as a research tool for the study of ion channels and ligands. This product can be used as an inhibitor for various activities such as receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, and cell signaling.</p>

<p>NHS-m-dPEG®(MW = 1214) is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. NHS-m-dPEG®(MW = 1214) is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>DBCO-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. DBCO-dPEG®12-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Antiproliferative factor Sialoglycopeptide is a research tool that has been shown to activate the immune system. It has been used as a vaccine carrier and in immunotherapy. Antiproliferative factor Sialoglycopeptide binds to the C-type lectin receptor on erythrocytes, triggering an antibody response. This protein also interacts with ion channels, such as Ca2+ channels, and inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Antiproliferative factor Sialoglycopeptide is a peptide that is active against many types of cancer cells and has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mice. The CAS number for Antiproliferative Factor Sialoglycopeptide is 12074-48-2.</p>

Please enquire for more information about Fmoc Gly TentaGel® S RAM resin (particle size: 90 µm capacity: 0.2 - 0.25 mmol/g) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

NO Synthase I (Human, Rat)-EIA Kit (1ea) is a kit that includes antibodies, peptide antisera, and other reagents for the detection of nitric oxide synthase. The kit detects nitric oxide synthase by measuring the nitrite concentration in the sample. Nitric oxide synthases catalyze the conversion of L-arginine to citrulline and nitrite. The assay is used to measure NO production in cell culture or tissue samples.

<p>Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®12)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®12)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>A synthetic antimicrobial peptide whose sequence is derived from the Fungus, Pseudoplectania nigrella. This product has disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys30, Cys15-Cys37, and Cys19-Cys39 and is available as a hydrochloride salt and as a 0.1mg vial.<br>One letter code: GFGCNGPWDEDDMQCHNHCKSIKGYKGGYCAKGGFVCKCY</p>

1-Deoxyfructosyl-Val-His-Leu-Thr-Pro-Glu is a peptide that binds to ion channels in the cell membrane. It has been shown to activate some receptors and inhibit others, which may be useful for research. The peptide also has an antibody against it, so its purity can be confirmed.

<p>Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-pNA is a synthetic peptide that can bind to the beta 2 adrenergic receptor. It is an activator of the receptor and it can be used as a research tool to study protein interactions. This peptide is a potent inhibitor of the receptor. Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-pNA binds to the beta 2 adrenergic receptor by preventing the binding of other ligands and thus reducing its activity. The peptide has been shown to bind with high affinity, but low potency, in vitro.<br>Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe pNA is not toxic as it does not lead to cell death.</p>

<p>H-Ile-Phe-OH is a β-amyloid inhibitor that has been synthesized to interact with the amyloid protein. It is a peptidic molecule and may be able to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid proteins. This could be beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. H-Ile-Phe-OH has been shown to have chemotactic activity, which may be due to its ability to interact with the bacterial cell wall and cause it to release chemotactic substances. This molecule has also been shown to normalize birefringence in Caco-2 cells, which may be due to its ability to stabilize actin cytoskeleton strands.</p>