Peptides

<p>Survivin protein:<br>Survivin, also called BIRC5, is a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family containing a baculovirus domain. Survivin is overexpressed in most human cancers but rarely express in normal differentiated adult tissues. Survivin protein inhibits caspase activation leading to negative regulation of cell death and promote cell proliferation. Survivin localizes in G2/M phase in cell cycle and interacts with tubulin during mitosis. It has been demonstrated that Survivin expression seems to be regulated by the tumor protein p53. Human Survivin contains HLA-A*02:01 binding motifs.<br>Applications of A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104):<br>A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104) HLA-A*02:01-restricted can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes on MHC I. Therefore, A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104) may serve as a target for therapeutics CTL responses and for anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies. A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104) is used to stimulate CTL responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Then, ELISPOT assay is used to quantify peptide epitope specificity and IFN-γ releasing effector cells. A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104) have shown spontaneous T-cell reactivity in chronic lymphatic leukemia and in melanoma (1). A*02:01/Human Survivin (96-104) has also demonstrated the ability to induce CTL responses in lung cancer and may serve for developing cancer vaccines.</p>

<p>Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is a peptide that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. It is a research tool for understanding the biology of Aβ. The Aβ peptide has been shown to activate a number of receptors and ion channels, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which may be due to its ability to bind to these proteins with high affinity. Amyloid beta-protein has also been shown to bind antibodies, which may be due to its ability to act as an antigen. Amyloid beta-protein inhibits the function of ion channels and can be used in pharmacological studies as a tool for understanding how this protein interacts with other proteins.</p>

<p>Portion of Influenza NP</p>

This peptide is derived from tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) residues 180-188. TRP2, also named L-dopachrome tautomerase, H-2KB or DCT, belongs to the melanocyte differentiation antigens and has been implicated as a target for immunotherapy of human as well as murine melanoma. Studies show that this TRP2 derived peptide can bind to mouse and human MHC class Imolecules. Immunization with TRP2 peptide loaded dendritic cells (DCs) results in effective induction of antitumor immunity

<p>MAGE-A3 (112-120) peptide – KVAELVHFL – Epitope of Melanoma Antigen Gene A3</p>

<p>Omega-Conotoxin GVIA is a peptide toxin that binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and blocks its function. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium channels, which are responsible for regulating the electrical activity in cells. Omega-conotoxin GVIA is purified with a high degree of purity and has been shown to have no significant cross-reactivity with other nAChR subtypes. This toxin can be used as a research tool to study nAChR physiology or as an antibody to target this receptor in cell biology experiments.</p>

<p>Portion of EBV</p>

<p>EGF is a growth factor that is secreted by many types of cells, including endocrine cells and immune cells. It binds to the EGF receptor on the surface of cells. Binding activates tyrosine kinase receptors, which in turn promote cell growth and division. EGF has been used as a research tool for investigating protein interactions and studying ion channels. It can also be used to study the role of EGF in cell biology and as an inhibitor to study protein-protein interactions.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®8-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®8-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-AMC is a peptide that activates ion channels. It is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and can be used in research to investigate the pharmacology of nAChRs. Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-AMC can also be used as a high purity ligand for antibody production, which has applications in cell biology and other life science research.</p>

<p>Neurokinin A is a peptide that belongs to the tachykinin family and has been shown to activate receptors, such as NK-1. It is a potent inhibitor of ion channels and has also been shown to inhibit ligand binding to the receptor. Neurokinin A is used in research for studying protein interactions, receptor effects, peptides, and ion channels. It can be used in cell biology for studying life science and research tools for high purity and antibody production. This product is not intended for therapeutic use.</p>

<p>NHS-Biotin is a biotin analog that can be used as an affinity label for the purification of specific proteins. NHS-Biotin is synthesized by reacting monoclonal antibody with lysine residues and a hydroxyl group, which form a covalent bond known as an amide linkage. The NHS-Biotin can then be covalently attached to the protein of interest. This attachment allows the protein to be purified by passing it over a column of immobilized streptavidin. NHS-Biotin has been shown to bind to actin filaments in humans and uptake peptide hormones in the bloodstream. It was also found that human serum contains chemical reactions with NHS-Biotin, forming a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues on the protein.</p>

<p>Adjuvant peptide is a research tool that can be used in the study of protein interactions, pharmacology and cell biology. It can also be used as an inhibitor for ion channels or receptors. Adjuvant peptide has a molecular weight of 638.2 Da and a purity of &gt; 98%.</p>

<p>Apelin-13 is a peptide that belongs to the class of activators. It has been shown to activate the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels and inhibit the calcium ion channels in cells. Apelin-13 also binds to receptors on cells, which leads to activation of signaling pathways. The affinity for these receptors has been determined using an antibody. In addition, it has been shown that Apelin-13 interacts with other proteins and ligands in a variety of ways through protein interactions and receptor binding.</p>

m-dPEG®11-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, m-dPEG®11-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.

<p>MAL-dPEG®8-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®8-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>t-boc-N-Amido-dPEG®12-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, t-boc-N-amido-dPEG®12-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>SARS Coronavirus is an enveloped virus containing 3 outer structural proteins, namely the membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins. Spike (S)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. Accordingly, S-protein takes part in virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. SARS Spike is produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells and is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 1188 amino acids (14-1195 aa) and having a molecular mass of 131.9kDa.SARS Spike is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. The formulation of the SARS Spike (14-1195) solution (0.25mg/ml) contains Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% Glycerol. Its biological activity has been measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA with Human ACE-2. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).<br>One-Letter Formula: SDLDRCTTFD DVQAPNYTQH TSSMRGVYYP DEIFRSDTLY LTQDLFLPFY SNVTGFHTIN HTFGNPVIPF KDGIYFAATE KSNVVRGWVF GSTMNNKSQS VIIINNSTNV VIRACNFELC DNPFFAVSKP MGTQTHTMIF DNAFNCTFEY ISDAFSLDVS EKSGNFKHLR EFVFKNKDGF LYVYKGYQPI DVVRDLPSGF NTLKPIFKLP LGINITNFRA ILTAFSPAQD IWGTSAAAYF VGYLKPTTFM LKYDENGTIT DAVDCSQNPL AELKCSVKSF EIDKGIYQTS NFRVVPSGDV VRFPNITNLC PFGEVFNATK FPSVYAWERK KISNCVADYS VLYNSTFFST FKCYGVSATK LNDLCFSNVY ADSFVVKGDD VRQIAPGQTG VIADYNYKLP DDFMGCVLAW NTRNIDATST GNYNYKYRYL RHGKLRPFER DISNVPFSPD GKPCTPPALN CYWPLNDYGF YTTTGIGYQP YRVVVLSFEL LNAPATVCGP KLSTDLIKNQ CVNFNFNGLT GTGVLTPSSK RFQPFQQFGR DVSDFTDSVR DPKTSEILDI SPCAFGGVSV ITPGTNASSE VAVLYQDVNC TDVSTAIHAD QLTPAWRIYS TGNNVFQTQA GCLIGAEHVD TSYECDIPIG AGICASYHTV SLLRSTSQKS IVAYTMSLGA DSSIAYSNNT IAIPTNFSIS ITTEVMPVSM AKTSVDCNMY ICGDSTECAN LLLQYGSFCT QLNRALSGIA AEQDRNTREV FAQVKQMYKT PTLKYFGGFN FSQILPDPLK PTKRSFIEDL LFNKVTLADA GFMKQYGECL GDINARDLIC AQKFNGLTVL PPLLTDDMIA AYTAALVSGT ATAGWTFGAG AALQIPFAMQ MAYRFNGIGV TQNVLYENQK QIANQFNKAI SQIQESLTTT STALGKLQDV VNQNAQALNT LVKQLSSNFG AISSVLNDIL SRLDKVEAEV QIDRLITGRL QSLQTYVTQQ LIRAAEIRAS ANLAATKMSE CVLGQSKRVD FCGKGYHLMS FPQAAPHGVV FLHVTYVPSQ ERNFTTAPAI CHEGKAYFPR EGVFVFNGTS WFITQRNFFS PQIITTDNTF VSGNCDVVIG IINNTVYDPL QPELDSFKEE LDKYFKNHTS PDVDLGDISG INASVVNIQK EIDRLNEVAK NLNESLIDLQ ELGKYEQYIK WPHHHHHH</p>

<p>m-dPEG®48-MAL is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®48-MAL is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Kallidin is a peptide that is found in the venom of the Brazilian pit viper (Bothrops jararaca). It has been shown to activate ion channels and receptors. Des-Arg10-Kallidin is a research tool that can be used in cell biology, pharmacology, and life science research. This peptide binds to antibodies and creates an ion channel when it binds to a receptor. Kallidin also inhibits protein interactions by binding to the active site of proteases such as thrombin, trypsin, and cathepsin B. The high purity of this peptide makes it ideal for use in pharmaceuticals.</p>

<p>Epoxomicin is an activator that binds to the ligand-binding site of a receptor. It has been used as a research tool in cell biology, pharmacology, and immunology. Epoxomicin has been shown to inhibit ion channels by binding to them and blocking their activity. This property makes epoxomicin a good candidate for the treatment of epilepsy. Epoxomicin also inhibits protein synthesis through inhibition of ribosomal S6 kinase, which is involved in signal transduction pathways.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®13-Acid is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®13-Acid is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

Thiol-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Thiol-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>Phen-AMC is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which catalyzes the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Phen-AMC is used as a research tool to study protein interactions, activator, and ligand binding. This inhibitor also has been shown to activate nicotinic receptors, ion channels, and antibodies.</p>

<p>Human beta-endorphin is an opioid receptor agonist that belongs to the group of endogenous opioids. It is released by the pituitary gland and binds to receptors in the brain, where it stimulates the release of dopamine, which acts on many regions of the brain. Beta-endorphin has been used as a research tool for its ability to activate opioid receptors and study ligand-receptor interactions. This protein has also been used as a tool for studying ion channels, cell biology, pharmacology, and protein interactions.<br>This product is available as an 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>BAM-12P is a peptide that binds to the extracellular domain of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. It is an inhibitor of this receptor, and has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection in vitro. BAM-12P has also been shown to act as an activator of the CXCR4 receptor in some cell lines, and can be used as a research tool for studying the effects of ligands on receptors. BAM-12P is chemically synthesized with high purity and its CAS number is 75513-71-2. It was isolated from the baculovirus expression system.</p>

<p>Nocistatin is a peptide that inhibits the activity of various types of ion channels. It does this by binding to their ligand-binding domain and preventing activation. Nocistatin is used as a research tool in pharmacology, cell biology, and biochemistry to study protein interactions and receptor function. Nocistatin has been shown to be an activator for the L-type calcium channel, suggesting that it may be useful for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy or cardiac arrhythmias. Nocistatin was originally isolated from the venom of the tarantula Phoneutria nigriventer. It is purified from fish, bovine, or human sources.</p>

Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-AMC is a high purity, water soluble peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp. Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-AMC has been shown to activate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and inhibit ligand binding to the NMDA glutamate receptor in rat cortical neurons. Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp AMC is also an inhibitor of voltage gated potassium channels and has been used as a research tool for studying ion channel function.

Guanylin is a human gastrointestinal hormone which can be used to activate the transmembrane receptor Guanylate Cyclase C on the intestinal epithelial cells surface. This product contains disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys12 and Cys7-Cys15 and is available as a 0.1mg vial.

[Pyr3]-Amyloid Beta-Protein (Human, 3-42) is a fragment of the human amyloid beta protein that inhibits ion channels and ligand-activated receptors. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of ion channel activity in vitro. [Pyr3]-Amyloid Beta-Protein (Human, 3-42) is a synthetic peptide that can be used as a research tool for investigating the effects of amyloid beta protein on cell biology.

2-Deoxy-2-Phthalimido-3,4,6-Tri-O-Acetyl-α-D-Glucopyranosyl Fluoride is a glycosyl compound that is used as a fluorinating agent. It reacts with proteins to form glycosyl fluorides by the action of fluoride ion, which introduces fluorine atoms into the carbohydrate side chains of proteins. This product is specifically designed for use in peptide synthesis. 2DGTGF may be used in the preparation of peptides for use in protein sequencing and mapping techniques.

<p>VIP is a peptide that is an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and phospholipase C. It also inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells, stimulates gastric acid secretion, and causes vasodilation. VIP has been shown to interact with a number of proteins including ion channels and receptors. The peptide is a ligand for the neuropeptide Y receptor (NPY-R) and is involved in the regulation of appetite, immune responses, and blood pressure. VIP can be used as a research tool for studying protein interactions or as an inhibitor in pharmacological studies.</p>

<p>Boc-Leu-Gly-Arg-AMC is a peptide that binds to the receptor for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and inhibits the ion channel. It has been used as a research tool to study NMDA receptor interactions, as well as in cell biology and pharmacology. Boc-Leu-Gly-Arg-AMC is a high purity, ionic analog of glutamate that binds to the NMDA receptor without activating it, thereby inhibiting ion flow through the channel. This inhibition can be reversed by adding excess glutamate or glycine. The binding of this compound to the NMDA receptor has been shown to block activation of voltage gated calcium channels and reduce neuronal excitation, which may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for controlling seizures or other neurological disorders.</p>

<p>m-dPEG®12-Azide (Azido-m-dPEG®12) is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®12-Azide (Azido-m-dPEG®12) is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

DCCD is a chemical inhibitor of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase that is used to study metabolic pathways. It inhibits the activity of this enzyme by binding reversibly to its active site, thereby blocking its phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and thus inhibiting the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. DCCD also has been shown to have antidiabetic effects in an experimental model. This drug has been used as a reagent for polymyxin B and other chemical inhibitors in vitro experiments.

<p>CCK-Octapeptide (26-33) (Sulfated Form) is a peptide that has been shown to have a variety of biological effects. It has been found to enhance the activity of rifampicin against tuberculosis by increasing the activity of the kinase protein. CCK-Octapeptide (26-33) (Sulfated Form) also has natriuretic peptide-like activity, which means it can regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. In addition, it has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in animal models, possibly through its ability to modulate guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins. CCK-Octapeptide (26-33) (Sulfated Form) also exhibits trypsin inhibitory activity and thymidine uptake inhibition. Furthermore, it has been studied as a potential treatment for cancer and as an alternative to vasopressin or nesiritide in certain medical conditions where natriuretic peptides are used ther</p>

<p>2-NBDG is a fluorescent dye that exhibits high affinity for nucleic acid and protein. It has been used as an inhibitor of protein interactions, activator of ligands, and research tool in the study of ion channels. 2-NBDG has also been used as an antibody to identify receptors, and can be used to measure the concentration of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. 2-NBDG is listed by CAS No. 186689-07-6.</p>

<p>FK-506 is an immunosuppressant that is produced by fermentation. It is used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and to treat a number of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. FK-506 binds to the IL-2 receptor on T-cells and inhibits their proliferation, thereby preventing activation of other immune cells. FK-506 has been shown to be effective in treating a number of diseases, including myocardial infarcts, coronary heart disease, and oral hypoglycaemic. The optimum concentration for this drug is not known, but it appears that higher concentrations are more beneficial in treating some conditions.</p>

<p>Obestatin is a peptide that was originally isolated from rat and mouse brain. It is a potent inhibitor of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 potassium channels, with an IC50 of about 1 nM for both channels, but has no effect on other ion channels. Obestatin also inhibits the binding of antibodies to epitopes on the surface of cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit cell-cell adhesion. The antibody-binding activity of obestatin is also inhibited by peptides corresponding to residues in the N-terminal region of obestatin, but not by peptides corresponding to residues in the C-terminal region. Obestatin has been shown to activate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways and induce signaling cascades that lead to the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells.</p>

<p>Z-Arg-Arg-AMC is an activator of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) system. It binds to the extracellular domain of RTKs, such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), and activates these receptors. This compound has been shown to activate EGFR and FGFR at low concentrations and inhibit their activation at high concentrations. Z-Arg-Arg-AMC has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of protein interactions with a Kd of approximately 1 μM, which makes it a useful research tool for studying protein interactions.</p>

<p>Dnp-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-D-Arg is a peptide that has been shown to be an inhibitor of protein interactions. It has been shown to activate the G protein and inhibit the enzyme phospholipase C, which may provide a potential treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Dnp-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-D-Arg also has a high purity and is used as a research tool in life science.</p>

Dnp-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-D-Arg is a synthetic peptide that is used as a research tool, an activator, and an inhibitor. This peptide is not expected to have any adverse effects on the environment or on animal or human health. It can be used in antibody production and has been shown to inhibit the activity of ion channels. Dnp-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-D-Arg binds to receptors and ligands, which may be involved in protein interactions.

<p>Dynorphin A is a peptide that belongs to the dynorphin family and has affinity for all three of the opioid receptors. However it has been found that Dynorphin A favors kappa-opioid receptors which are expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues and the spinal cord and are located in areas involved in pain. For example when Dynorphin A binds to kappa-opioid receptors, dopamine is inhibited in areas of the brain prevalent in drug addiction, thus demonstrated Dynorphin A to have antagonistic effects on the brain reward circuit. Dynorphin A could be a useful research tool for studying analgesia, reward and addiction.<br>This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Angiotensin A is a research tool that is used to study the activation of angiotensin receptors. It can be used to identify ligands and receptors and to investigate the pharmacology of peptides. Angiotensin A is soluble (1-2 mg/ml) in water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and phosphate buffered saline. It has a CAS number of 51833-76-2.</p>

<p>Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro is a synthetic substrate that has been shown to be hydrolyzed by human liver collagenase. It is used as a substrate in enzymatic assays, such as the determination of collagenase activity. The peptide is synthesized from glycine, proline, and glycolic acid. Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro has an optimal ph of 7.0 and shows signals at 2.8 ppm (HNCH) and 3.5 ppm (HNCO). This peptide also binds to bacterial enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin.</p>

<p>Hydroxy-dPEG®12-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, hydroxy-dPEG®12-t-Butyl Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel Blocker derived from bee venom (Honeybee, Apis mellifera). This product has disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys11 and Cys3-Cys15 and is available as a 0.5mg vial.

<p>FRETS-25Gln is a peptide that can be used as a research tool in the fields of pharmacology and protein interactions. FRETS-25Gln binds to ion channels and activates them, which makes it useful for researching ligand-receptor interactions. The peptide has been shown to bind to the receptor P2X7 and activate the receptor, which may be useful for treating various diseases including arthritis and cancer. FRETS-25Gln also binds to the receptor P2Y1 and inhibits its activity, which may be useful for studying how activation of this receptor leads to increased vascular permeability.</p>

<p>Carboxyl-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Carboxyl-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>