Microbiologia/Virologia

<p>NDM-1 inhibitor-3 is a New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor (Ki : 4 μM) widely found in nature and is associated with antibiotic resistance.</p>

<p>LasR-IN-3 inhibits LasR in Pseudomonas, disrupting its dimer, causing loss of function.</p>

<p>RSV-IN-7 (example 253) is a RSV inhibitor ( EC 50 : &lt; 0.4 μΜ) .</p>

<p>Antibacterial agent 80 (compound 20) has antibacterial activity [1].</p>

<p>Polθ-IN-7 (example 12) is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase θ (Polθ) with a Ki of 1.27 nM.</p>

<p>HBV-IN-24 inhibits HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg (EC50: 0.6, 0.6, 4.6 nM), and has antiviral properties with neurotoxicity mitigation.</p>

<p>5,6-Dihydro-5-azathymidine exhibits activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as DNA viruses.</p>

<p>Compound 6q, a trifluoromethylpyridine oxadiazole, targets Xanthomonas oryzae with EC50 of 7.2 μg/mL.</p>

<p>Urease -IN-1 is a urease inhibitor (IC50: 2.21±0.45 μM).</p>

<p>20S Proteasome-IN-4: brain-penetrant, parasite-specific, oral, inhibits T.b. brucei proteasome (IC50: 6.3nM), for HAT research.</p>

<p>Bilanafos is an agent of Anti-Bacterial.</p>

<p>Bc1 Complex-IN-1 (compound 12g) is a potent inhibitor of the bc1 complex, demonstrating fungicidal properties against cucumber downy mildew (CDM).</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2-IN-106 (compound 19) is a SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor, displaying IC50 values of 0.44 μM for papain-like proteases and 0.18 μM for viral replication.</p>

<p>Carumonam Sodium is a monobactam, penicillin-binding protein inhibitor. It is used as antibacterials.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2-IN-97 (Compound CO-01) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2Nsp15 endoribonuclease, exhibiting an IC50 of 53.5 μM. It demonstrates low cytotoxicity in A549-AT cells with an IC50 value of 134 μM.</p>

<p>5-Iminodaunorubicin HCl: quinone-modified anthracycline with antitumor properties, induces DNA breaks in cancer cells.</p>

<p>β-Glucuronidase-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of E.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-IN-6 (Compound 17) acts as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, demonstrating an IC50 value of 7.8 μM against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. This compound reduces the cytopathic effects of single-round infectious particles (SRIP) infected with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 replicons and inhibits the expression of SARS-CoVN proteins. The EC50 values for SRIP based on SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 replicons are 0.12 µM and 1.47 µM, respectively.</p>

<p>Fipravirimat is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 with potential applications in HIV and AIDS research.</p>

<p>A25822B is an antifungal agent.</p>

<p>N-Nitrosonornicotine, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and is capable of inducing micronuclei in C3A cells. Additionally, N-Nitrosonornicotine can form DNA adducts.</p>

<p>DC-159a, an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with a particular efficacy against Gram-positive pathogens. The MIC90 values for DC-159a are 0.5 μg/mL against Streptococcus anginosus group, 4 μg/mL against Clostridium difficile, and 2 μg/mL against Bacteroides fragilis.</p>

<p>Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-25 is a potent inhibitor of CEN, useful in studying Orthomyxoviridae viruses. (See WO2020075080A1, compound 4.)</p>

<p>iPAF1C is a powerful inhibitor of the polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) and exhibits anti-HIV activity [1].</p>

<p>Antimalarial agent 44 (Compound 3) is an antiparasitic agent effective against malaria. It exhibits good permeability in MDCK-MDR1 cell monolayers and has a high clearance rate in mouse liver microsomes.</p>

<p>MCB-3681, active against gram-positive bacterium, is the antibacterial Oxaquin's active substance.</p>

<p>7-Hydroxytropolone (3-Hydroxytropolone) is an antibiotic that exhibits activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeasts and fungi. It also functions as an inhibitor of 2''-O-adenylate transferase.</p>

<p>Compound 9c, a chitin synthase inhibitor, has an IC50 of 0.37 nM and is useful for studying fungal infections.</p>

<p>MTI013 is a selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 Mtase (IC50: 2.98 µM) and an antiviral agent (IC50: 10.33 µM in HCoV-229E infected Huh7 cells). Additionally, MTI013 demonstrates synergistic antiviral effects when used in conjunction with the RdRp inhibitor SHEN26.</p>

<p>ATIC-IN-2 (Compound 1) is a competitive inhibitor of the bifunctional enzyme AICAR Tfase/IMPCH (ATIC), binding to inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (IMPCH) with a Ki of 0.13 μM.</p>

<p>Cefempidone (GR 50692) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It exhibits antibacterial activity by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.</p>

<p>PF 03709270 is an oral prodrug of sulopenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial effects on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.</p>

Apalcillin (PC-904) combined with Ro 48-1220 (a penicillin sulfone β-lactamase inhibitor) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, excluding Klebsiella acid-producing strains. This combination shows strong efficacy against β-lactamase-producing Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with an effective MIC of 11 μg/mL. Additionally, it inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter at low MICs (0.25 to 4 μg/mL). However, it has limited efficacy against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and some Gram-positive bacteria. Apalcillin/Ro 48-1220's effectiveness against certain extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli is comparable to piperacillin/tazobactam, though it is less effective against SHV-type β-lactamases.

<p>BM635 mesylate inhibits MmpL3; kills Divergent bacterium with 0.6 µM MIC50; boosts bioavailability.</p>

<p>Saphenamycin is an antibiotic from a strain of Streptomyces.</p>

<p>Saroaspidin B is a dimeric form of a biphenyl triphenol, characterized as an antibiotic compound.</p>

<p>GTSE1-IN-1 (compound Y18), an orally active GTSE1 inhibitor, exhibits notable anticancer properties. It effectively represses the proliferation of cancer cells by downregulating GTSE1 transcription and expression, which leads to DNA damage and promotes persistent cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Moreover, GTSE1-IN-1 substantially reduces the adhesion, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer HCT116 cells and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells in vitro.</p>

<p>17,17-Ethylendioxyandrost-5-en-3β-ol, with an EC 50 of 629 μM, acts as an inhibitor of HSV-1. This compound is applicable in research studies focusing on viral infections.</p>

<p>Antibacterial Agent 172 (Compound 6a), a &lt;i&gt;Clostridioides difficile (Cd) SpoVD inhibitor with an IC50 value of 89 nM, effectively inhibits the sporulation of Clostridioides difficile. It is useful for research on bacterial infections [1].</p>

<p>QPX7728 methoxy acetoxy methy ester is an inhibitor of boronic acid β-lactamase.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-34 (Compound 26) acts as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with an IC50 of 6 nM. It also inhibits OC43 Mpro, demonstrating an IC50 of 33 nM. Furthermore, this compound exhibits antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, with an EC50 of 0.103 μM.</p>

<p>HBV-IN-48, an HBV inhibitor, exhibits potent antiviral activity against HBV in HepDE19 cells, demonstrated by its EC 50 value of 0.005 μM. Additionally, it effectively reduces serum HBV DNA levels in mouse models of HBV infection.</p>

<p>GSK_WRN4 is a WRN helicase inhibitor with anti-cancer activity, inhibiting MSI tumor cell growth by inducing DNA double-strand breaks, useful in cancer research</p>

<p>PLpro-IN-6 (compound 6) serves as an inhibitor for the papain-like protease (PLpro), demonstrating potent activity with an IC 50 of 0.019 μM against the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzyme.</p>

<p>HBV/HDV-IN-3 (Compd 1) acts as a dual inhibitor for HBV and HDV, demonstrating an efficacy (EC 50) below 50 nM against HBV .</p>

<p>GC373, an effective inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 M pro, impedes virus replication, exhibiting an inhibition concentration (IC 50) of 0.4 μM. This compound is valuable for use in anti-COVID-19 research.</p>

<p>Metesind Glucuronate is an antineoplastic. It also is a specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor.</p>

<p>Anticaries agent-1 (Compound 21b) is utilized as an anticaries agent. It effectively inhibits biofilm formation with an IC50 of 77 μM and restricts the growth of S. mutans.</p>

<p>LN002 is an orally active inhibitor of Cryptosporidium oxidase, utilized for research in cryptosporidiosis.</p>

<p>DL-2-Aminopimelic Acid acts as a weak agonist for glutamate receptors and also reduces the sensitivity of leech glutamate receptors to glutamate.</p>

<p>UNI418 is a dual inhibitor targeting PIKfyve and PIP5K1C, exhibiting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50=1.4 μM). It inhibits the endocytosis of the virus mediated by ACE2 by suppressing PIP5K1C (IC50=60.1 nM; Kd=61 nM). Additionally, UNI418 impedes the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells by inhibiting the proteolytic activation regulated by PIKfyve (Kd=0.78 nM).</p>

<p>Oral HIV-1 allosteric integrase inhibitor, blocks DNA integration, antiviral, potent against NL432 (EC50: 3.9 nM).</p>

<p>(R)-ZG197: Activates Sa ClpP (EC50=1.5μM) &amp; Hs ClpP (EC50=31.4μM); selective for Sa ClpP.</p>

<p>Epolactaene: neuritogenic, inhibits mammalian DNA polymerases &amp; human DNA topoisomerase II.</p>

<p>PLpro-IN-5 (compound 21), serving as a PLPro protease inhibitor, boasts an IC50 of 91.14 nM. This compound exhibits a broad-spectrum antivirus efficacy, particularly effective against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.</p>

<p>Neuraminidase-IN-11 (15e) inhibits H1N1 (IC50: 4.7nM), H5N1 (8.46nM), H5N8 viruses (1.5nM) selectively &amp; potently.</p>

<p>Cefamandole (lithium), a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, exhibits antimicrobial activity. Upon metabolism in the body, it releases free NMTT, which can lead to hypoprothrombinemia.</p>

<p>epi-D-Captopril (epi-D-SQ 14225) is a stereoisomer of Captopril and functions as an inhibitor of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs). The IC50 values of epi-D-Captopril for NDM-1, IMP-1, and VIM-2 are 64 μM, 173 μM, and 5.5 μM, respectively. This compound holds potential for research in MBLs-related antibiotic-resistant infections.</p>

<p>L-697639 inhibits of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication.</p>

<p>Neocryptolepine-Cl (compound Z24) is an inhibitor of Bcthi4, demonstrating excellent antifungal activity against B. cinerea, with an EC50 value of 0.56 μg/mL.</p>

<p>AAA-10 formic is an orally active inhibitor of intestinal bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) against B.</p>

<p>EFdA-TP tetrasodium is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor that blocks DNA synthesis as an ICT or DCT.</p>

<p>ALG-000184, a prodrug of the potent HBV capsid assembly modulator ALG-001075, shows potential for use in HBV infection research.</p>

<p>MtMetAP1-IN-1 is an inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase 1 ( MetAP1 ). MtMetAP1-IN-1 shows antimycobacterial activity.</p>

<p>HBV-IN-20 is a potent, orally active HBV inhibitor (EC50: 0.46 μM). HBV-IN-20 is a classical type II CpAM (core protein assembly regulator).</p>

<p>Anti-MRSA agent 27 (compound 4a) is a potent antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.0975 μmol/L. It effectively disrupts MRSA biofilms and inhibits the production of hemolysins.</p>

<p>Triazophos is a non-systemic pesticide that acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, forming a covalent and irreversible bond with the acetylcholine binding site. This action blocks the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, leading to increased excitability. It is effective against a wide range of soil insects and mites, including aphids, thrips, midges, beetles, lepidopteran larvae, mole crickets, and red spiders. Triazophos is suitable for use on various crops such as ornamental plants, cotton, rice, corn, soybeans, oil palm, olives, and coffee.</p>

<p>LasR-IN-2 blocks LasR via H-bond with TRY-56, useful in bacterial infection and CF research.</p>

<p>Ganaplacide hydrochloride (KAF156 HCl) is an orally administered imidazopyrimidine antimalarial agent that inhibits Plasmodium PI4K activity.</p>

<p>Dencatistat is a highly selective and oral cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 CTPS1 inhibitor specific.CTPS1-IN-2 for B-cell, T-cell lymphomas and solid tumors.</p>

<p>5-Fluorouridine 5'-phosphate acts as an ODCase (uridine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor, exhibiting a Ki value of 98 µM for human ODCase and 645 µM for Methanococcus jannaschii ODCase. This compound also shows inhibitory activity on leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, making it useful for cancer research studies.</p>

<p>RSV-IN-5: Dual inhibitor for RSV fusion proteins, effective on wild-type A2 and D486N mutant with EC50s of 2.0 nM &amp; 8.1 nM. Potent anti-RSV.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-44 (Compound 25) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro) for coronaviruses. It exhibits inhibitory activity against several high-risk coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and PEDV, with an IC50 of less than 0.6 μM. The broad inhibition of coronaviruses by SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-44 is achieved through enhanced interaction with conserved sites of Mpro. This compound is a potential candidate for the development of antiviral drugs against coronaviruses.</p>

<p>2,5-Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone is a potent antibacterial agent found primarily in marine Streptomyces sp. VITVSK1, effective against emerging antibiotic resistance. Additionally, it serves as a powerful inhibitor of RNA polymerase.</p>

<p>Aurantiogliocladin is a mild antibiotic effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis, but it shows no efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. It is also capable of inhibiting biofilm formation.</p>

<p>9-tert-Butyldoxycycline exhibits immunomodulatory activity by altering the polarization state of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and ameliorating inflammatory responses in ischemia-reperfusion injury models. Additionally, 9-tert-Butyldoxycycline serves as a ligand for the "Tet-On" inducible gene expression system.</p>

<p>Compound 174 (Compound 5g), an antibacterial agent, exhibits potent anti-infective properties in vivo along with appreciable pharmacokinetic profiles. This highly active substance demonstrates favorable biofilm removal capabilities, low hemolysis, and acceptable mammalian cell toxicity [1].</p>

<p>Omaciclovir (ABT-091) is a herpesvirus herpesvirus replication inhibitor with antiviral activity that is used in the study of herpesvirus infections.</p>

<p>N-Cbz-L-Cysteine (Cbz-cysteine) (compound 5) functions as a potent inhibitor of β-lactamase II, exhibiting a K i value of 97 µM [1].</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2-IN-22 is a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus inhibitor (IC50: 16.96 μM).</p>

<p>Saptomycin E is an antitumor antibiotic.</p>

<p>Cetefloxacin (E 4868) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotic with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.007 to 8 µg/ml. In mice, cetefloxacin demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetic properties and provides protection against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.</p>

<p>MED6-189, an analog of kalihinol, disrupts the apicoplast functions and vesicular transport in the malignant malaria parasite (P. falciparum, IC50 &lt; 50 nM). The compound specifically targets the apicoplast, which is a non-photosynthetic plastid essential for isoprenoid synthesis, found in most apicomplexan parasites.</p>

<p>Avibactam sodium dihydrate (NXL-104) is a reversible covalent inhibitor for CTX-M-15 and TEM-1 β-lactamases with IC50s of 5 nM and 8 nM.</p>

<p>HRSV/HMPV-IN-1 (compound 3) is an inhibitor targeting HRSV/HMPV, exhibiting EC50 values of &lt; 0.2 μM against human RSV-A and &lt; 0.5 μM for human MPV A2 TN/94-49. This compound is utilized in the study of bronchiolitis and pneumonia.</p>

<p>Arterolane, an adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of malaria.</p>

<p>Compound 6xa inhibits drug-resistant tuberculosis with MICs 0.03 μg/mL for DS-Mtb and 0.03-0.06 for DR-Mtb, SI&gt;40 for Vero cells.</p>

<p>MA220607 is an antibacterial agent characterized by low hemolytic toxicity and a dual-target mechanism of action (MOA). It promotes FtsZ protein polymerization, increases bacterial membrane permeability, and inhibits biofilm formation. The resistance rate of MA220607 is low, with MICs against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 0.062-2 μg/mL and 0.5-4 μg/mL, respectively [1].</p>

<p>Antifungalagent 113 (compound 9a) serves as an effective antifungal and antibacterial agent. It exhibits strong inhibitory activity against both S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2-IN-102 (example 58) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV papain-like protease (SARS-CoVPLpro), demonstrating an IC50 of less than 100 nM.</p>

<p>BDM91288, an orally active AcrB efflux pump inhibitor of pyridinium piperazine, enhances the in vivo efficacy of levofloxacin in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection in mouse models [1].</p>

<p>Griseofulvic Acid ((±)-Griseofulvic acid) is a metabolite of the antifungal agent Griseofulvin. It induces protein aggregation and tubulin polymerization in cell-free assays.</p>

<p>Antibiofilm agent-14 (compound 11) functions as an antibiofilm agent. It exhibits antifungal activity against C.albicans SC5314, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 μM.</p>

<p>7-APRA is a semisynthetic intermediate of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics. It exhibits antibacterial activity and is primarily used in the synthesis of other cephalosporin antibiotics, such as Cefaclor and Cefprozil.</p>

<p>Erythromycin B exhibits antimalarial activity by effectively inhibiting the asexual growth of Plasmodium falciparum.</p>

<p>Ac-Atovaquone, an ester-acetylated derivative of atovaquone, acts as a potent inhibitor of cytochrome bc1 (cytochrome bc1). This compound shows potential for use in malaria research.</p>

PIQ-2 (compound 54) serves as an antiprotozoal agent, displaying potent activity against IP. falciparum 3D7 and B. divergens Rouen, with IC50 values of 9.4 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively.

<p>Chitin synthase inhibitor 12: potent CHS blocker (IC50: 0.16 mM), broad-spectrum antifungal, effective against resistant strains. Useful in IFI research.</p>

<p>GSK5852, an HCV NS5B inhibitor, has IC50 of 50 nM; potently fights HCV with EC50 of 3.0 nM for GT1a and 1.7 nM for GT1b.</p>

<p>MK-3402 is a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor. MK-3402can be used in the research of bacteria .</p>