Antibiotici

Myxopyronin A is an inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase.

N-(3-Oxobutanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C4-HSL) serves as an autoregulator for carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis in Erwinia carotovora ATCC 39048 and induces the expression of rhiI in R. leguminosarum [1].

S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of SAH into adenosine and homocysteine. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of SAH within cells, thereby increasing the SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) ratio and subsequently inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferases. (−)-Neplanocin A, a potent and irreversible inhibitor of SAH hydrolase (Ki= 8.39 nM), exhibits significant antitumor activity against mouse leukemia L1210 cells and holds broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Its efficacy notably surpasses that of the reversible inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin, especially in combating vesicular stomatitis, evidencing a higher potency with ID50 values of 0.07 μg/ml for Neplanocin A versus 0.3 μg/ml for 3-deazaneplanocin.

Alatrofloxacin is a prodrug of trovafloxacin.

Caerulomycin A (Caerulomycin) (Cerulomycin; Caerulomycin) is an antifungal compound.

Trovafloxacin: broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, blocks DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV and PANX1 channel (IC50=4μM).

Gusperimus trihydrochloride is a derivative of the antitumor antibiotic spergualin with immunosuppressant activity.

DuP-721: broad-spectrum, oral antibiotic targeting various bacteria, including M. tuberculosis.

Calicheamicin (Calicheamicin γ1) is an antitumor antibiotic and is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. It also is a cytotoxic agent that causes double-strand DNA breaks.

N-Acetylpurinomycin is a selective agonist of CB2 receptor.

AS-2077715, an antifungal agent, exhibits inhibitory activity against Trichophyton species and is derived from the fermentation broth of Capnodium sp. 339855. It is utilized in the study of fungal infections [1].

Annamycin, a semi-synthetic doxorubicin derivative, binds DNA, blocks topoisomerase II, and evades MDR, inhibiting DNA/RNA/protein synthesis.

Aranciamycin (Compound 1), an anthracycline antibiotic, exhibits collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 3.7*10^-7 M) and can inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor cells

Berkeleylactone E, a macrolide antibiotic [1], exhibits antimicrobial properties.

Pristinamycin IA (Mikamycin B) is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein and a cyclo-peptidic macrolactone antibiotic.

Nilofabicin (CG-400549) is a potent inhibitor of enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase fall(FabI) and can be used in studies about the treatment of complicated

<p>Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) shows antibacterial activities against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90 = 0.03mg/ml).</p>

Desoxymycin is an antibiotic product that belongs to the class of aminoglycosides, which is derived from natural sources such as certain species of Streptomyces bacteria. This compound exhibits its mode of action by specifically binding to the bacterial ribosomal RNA, interfering with protein synthesis. As a result, it inhibits the replication and growth of susceptible bacterial strains.

Gramicidin S hydrochloride is a cyclic peptide antibiotic, which is a derivative of the naturally occurring antibiotic gramicidin S. It is sourced from Bacillus brevis, a type of soil bacterium. This peptide operates through a unique mode of action, whereby it disrupts bacterial cell membranes. By integrating into the lipid bilayer, it increases membrane permeability, leading to leakage of essential ions and molecules, and ultimately causing cell death.

Carumonam is a synthetic monobactam antibiotic, which is derived from chemically modifying aztreonam to enhance its antimicrobial properties. Its source is entirely synthetic, allowing for precise structural modifications to target specific bacterial pathogens. The mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Carumonam binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on the surface of bacterial cell walls, disrupting the peptidoglycan cross-linking process necessary for cell wall strength and integrity. This action results in bacterial cell lysis and death, making it effective against a range of Gram-negative bacteria.

<p>Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin antibiotic and is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptides, leading to cell lysis and death</p>

N-Acetylamphotericin B is a derivative of the well-known antifungal agent Amphotericin B, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces nodosus*. This compound is an acetylated version of Amphotericin B, designed to improve certain pharmacokinetic properties. It operates by binding to ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes, leading to the formation of pores that disrupt membrane integrity, causing cell death. The acetylation is intended to reduce the compound's cytotoxicity and improve its solubility in aqueous solutions, potentially allowing for enhanced therapeutic applications.

<p>Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces antibioticus*. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. The interruption of this essential process ultimately leads to the cessation of bacterial growth and replication.</p>

Toxoflavin (Xanthothricin) is an antagonist of transcription factor 4 (TCF4)/β-catenin complex. Toxoflavin also acts as an inhibitor of KDM4A.

Kinamycin B is an antibacterial agent with anticancer activity.

Mal-PEG4-VA-PBD is a drug-linker conjugate for Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), comprising the antitumor antibiotic Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD), connected

Neocryptolepine-Cl (compound Z24) is an inhibitor of Bcthi4, demonstrating excellent antifungal activity against B. cinerea, with an EC50 value of 0.56 μg/mL.

Potent, selective CHS inhibitor with 0.12 mM IC50; effective against drug-resistant fungi.

Ascofuranone is an inhibitor of the ubiquinol oxidase activity of Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrial alternative oxidase (TAO), as well as an inhibitor of HsDHODH

Clavicoronic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, boosts penicillin antibiotics against resistant bacteria.

MLEB-22043 is a synthetic siderophore-monocyclic β-lactam conjugate which enters bacteria through TonB-dependent transport proteins utilizing its siderophore component, subsequently exerting antibacterial activity via its β-lactam portion. This compound acts as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, exhibiting significant inhibitory activity against pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bleomycin Free Base, a glycopeptide antibiotic, halts DNA function and treats solid tumors.

Saroaspidin B is a dimeric form of a biphenyl triphenol, characterized as an antibiotic compound.

Spicamycin can be used as a potent inducer of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60) and murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1).

<p>Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and effectively suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It blocks EMT in vitro and inhibits fibrogenesis in vivo without directly affecting the TGF-β1Smad signaling pathway. As an antimicrobial agent, Methacycline holds potential for research in pulmonary fibrosis.</p>

Epiderstatin is isolated from Streptomyces pulveraceus subsp. epiderstagenes; inhibits mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor.

Mucidin is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits electron transfer reactions within the mitochondrial respiratory chain's cytochrome bc1 complex.

Myxothiazol blocks mitochondrial complex III and triggers SESN2, a gene important for stress response.

Saptomycin E is an antitumor antibiotic.

<p>2-Acetyl-2-decarboxamidotetracycline is a tetracycline-class antibiotic. It exhibits a UV absorption spectrum similar to that of tetracycline or 5-oxytetracycline at concentrations above 300 mμ, characteristic of the BCD ring system.</p>

Antifungalagent 113 (compound 9a) serves as an effective antifungal and antibacterial agent. It exhibits strong inhibitory activity against both S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Streptonigrin: aminoquinone antibiotic; antitumor, antibacterial; blocks β-Catenin/Tcf, cytotoxic; alters hamster chromosomes; (-)-isomer, CAS#3930-19-6.

Imidocarb dihydrochloride monohydrate is an effective antiprotozoal agent against the parasite B. bovis (IC50: 87 μg/ml).

Nikkomycin Z (Nikkomycin Z from Streptomyces tendae) is a competitive chitin synthase inhibitor.It inhibitor of the growth of filamentous fungi, insects,

Pibrozelesin, a water-soluble duocarmycin B2 derivative, binds AT-rich DNA, blocking replication and inducing cell death.

Acetomycin, a γ-lactone from S. ramulosus, halts HCT-8 colon and L1210 leukemia cell growth.

CRS-3123, a methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of enteric infections.

Ganaplacide hydrochloride (KAF156 HCl) is an orally administered imidazopyrimidine antimalarial agent that inhibits Plasmodium PI4K activity.

Amicoumacin A has antibacterial activity. It also strongly suppresses inflammatory and ulcer activity.

<p>Amicoumacin C is a biological product derived from certain strains of the Bacillus species, specifically fermented by Bacillus subtilis. It is recognized as a potent antibiotic compound, noted for its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, primarily by interacting with the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby hindering the translation process.</p>

Sinefungin (Adenosyl-Ornithine) is an effective inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral

Erythromycin and its derivatives; salts thereof

Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) is an alkaloid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and is a potent and reversible inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase. swainsonine has antitumour activity and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase.

Formycin A shows antitumor and antiviral activities. Formycin A , a purine nucleoside antibiotic, is a potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitor with an EC50 of 10 μM.

Erythromycylamine is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64443 and the CAS number is 26116-56-3.

A 53868A is an antibiotic, it is isolated from Streptomyces luridus.

Nortopixantrone(BBR 3438) is a novel 9-azacyclophenanthracene pyrazole that shows antitumor activity in a human prostate cancer model.

<p>Amicoumacin A is an antibiotic compound, which is derived from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This natural source is known for its production of a variety of biologically active compounds that contribute to its utility in numerous scientific contexts. The mode of action of Amicoumacin A involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the ribosomal subunit. Specifically, it interferes with the translation process, effectively disrupting the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacterial strains.<br><br>Amicoumacin A is primarily utilized in research settings to study bacterial resistance mechanisms, as well as to explore novel antibacterial therapies. Its application in scientific research extends to examining its potential synergistic effects with other antimicrobial agents, and it serves as a model compound for understanding ribosomal inhibition. The study of Amicoumacin A not only contributes to the broader field of antibiotic development but also offers insights into the molecular interactions that underlie bacterial protein synthesis and antibiotic resistance. This compound's unique properties make it an important subject of investigation for microbiologists and pharmacologists alike, emphasizing its relevance in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.</p>

<p>Cefsulodin sodium salt is a beta lactam antibiotic in the third-generation cephalosporin family that inhibits penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis.</p>

<p>Ticarcillin disodium salt is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ticarcillin is active against penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, it inhibits transpeptidase activity of the cell wall of bacteria which prevents peptidoglycan synthesis. It is bactericidal for many bacteria at low concentrations.</p>

<p>Potassium clavulanate is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and an antibacterial agent. The presence of potassium clavulanate in culture media inhibits the activity of beta-lactamases, which are enzymes that confer resistance to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. It also has been shown to be active against bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, sepsis, and pneumonia, where it can inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their ability to form cell walls. Potassium clavulanate is also used as an antimicrobial agent for blood culture technique and antimicrobial treatment.</p>

<p>Kanamycin sulfate is a water-soluble antibiotic. Genes encoding kanamycin resistance are commonly used as selection markers in molecular biology .It acts during the translation mechanism in prokaryotic ribosomes to avoid bacterial cell growth.</p>

<p>Dibekacin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating severe gram-negative bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Membrane pore-forming agent; H+, K+, Pb2+ ionophore; polyether antibiotic</p>

<p>Azithromycin N-oxide is a macrolide antibiotic derivative and is used for research purposes. Its mode of action is similar to azithromycin.</p>

<p>Aminosidine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the integrase, which are enzymes involved in viral DNA synthesis. Aminosidine is active against Leishmania spp., but not against bacteria. Aminosidine has been shown to be effective in experimental models of human bowel disease and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It was also found to be active against wild-type strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, but not resistant mutants. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential.</p>

<p>3'-N,N-Di(desmethyl)-3'-N-formyl azithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized through chemical modification of azithromycin. Azithromycin is originally derived from erythromycin, which is produced by the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The modifications in this derivative result in enhanced specificity and altered pharmacokinetic properties compared to the parent compound.</p>

<p>Erythromycin derivative</p>

PKUMDL-LTQ-301 is a potent inhibitor of HipA toxin. PKUMDL-LTQ-301 also inhibits E. coli persistence.