Glicoscienza

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose is an example of a sugar that has been modified by fluorination. This modification takes place at the 2 position of the sugar's aldehyde group. It is also an example of a monosaccharide with a glycosylation site at C1' and an acetylated hydroxyl group on C6'. The chemical name for this sugar is 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-(2-(N-[2-(glycolyl)amino]acetyl)-N-[3-(glycolyl)amino]propionyl)-2-[(2-(N-[2-(glycolyl)amino]acetyl)amino]-2-deoxy--aD--glucop</p>

<p>Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose warrants investigation.</p>

<p>2-Amino-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose is a carbohydrate that has been synthesized by the modification of an existing sugar. This product can be used as a building block in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, which are sugar chains composed of 2 to 10 sugar molecules. The fluorination reaction occurs at the primary hydroxyl group and yields a more stable molecule. This product can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. It is also available in high purity and with a high degree of methylation and glycosylation.</p>

<p>Isopropyl 2,5-anhydro-6-O-methanesulfonyl-D-gulonate is a compound that can be used as a monosaccharide and is also a synthetic sugar. It is an Oligosaccharide, which is a type of sugar that consists of more than two saccharide units. This compound has been synthesized by the process of glycosylation and has been modified to include fluorination. Click modification, methylation, and monosaccharide are all modifications that have been done to this sugar. Isopropyl 2,5-anhydro-6-O-methanesulfonyl-D-gulonate is also known by its CAS number: 106585-36-1.</p>

<p>UDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose is a methylated and fluorinated saccharide that is used in click chemistry. It is a synthetic compound that can be custom synthesized to create polysaccharides or oligosaccharides. This product has high purity and can be modified with glycosylation, methylation, and other modifications.</p>

<p>1,4-β-D-Xylobiitol is a monosaccharide that is synthesized by the glycosylation of β-D-xylose. It is an important component of complex carbohydrates found in plants and animals. Xylobiitol can be modified with methylation or Click chemistry to produce 1,4-β-D-xylopyranosiduronic acid and 1,4-β-D-xylopyranuronic acid respectively. In addition, it can be fluorinated to create 1,4-β-D-fluoroxylobiitol and modified with saccharide or oligosaccharides to produce 1,4-[α]-,1,3-[α]- or 1,3-[β]-linked xylobiitols. Xylobiitol can also be modified with polysaccharides to form xylanolybioside conjugates in which GlcUA residues are linked</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-L-lyxono-1,4-lactone is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It is synthesized using the Curtius rearrangement of 2-azidoethyl 4,6-dioxohexanoate and a Lewis acid. This compound is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of glycosylides and polysaccharides. The methylation of this molecule has been shown to be useful for the modification of carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides. The product purity can be as high as 98% when it is custom synthesized to order.</p>

<p>D-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone is a recombinant carbohydrate that is synthesized from l-ribose and l-arabinose. It has lysozyme inhibitory activity. D-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone can be used to study the synthesis of lactones by escherichia coli and their inhibitory effects on lysozyme. The compound consists of two stereoisomers: dl-mannonic acid and ldl-mannonic acid. It can be detected by liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoresis.</p>

<p>N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyltransferase substrate;inhibits O-linked glycosylation</p>

<p>D-Ribopyranosyl amine is a heterocyclic compound that can be synthesized from ethyl formate and thiourea. The synthesis of this compound has been studied using techniques such as hydrogen bonding, high yield, and optical rotation. D-Ribopyranosyl amine is an aminoimidazole derivative with a decarboxylation reaction to produce uridine. This process can be carried out in acetone or dimethylformamide solvent, which produces the α-form of the molecule. The 1H NMR spectra of D-ribopyranosyl amine have peaks at 3.8 ppm, 2.5 ppm, and 2.0 ppm, while the 13C NMR spectrum peaks are found at 79.2 ppm and 131.9 ppm</p>

<p>4-Acetamidophenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a modified sugar with a saccharide at the 2' position and an acetamidophenol group at the 4' position. It can be used in a variety of synthetic methods, such as the Click modification and glycosylation. This product is custom synthesized and has high purity, making it a good choice for many research applications.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate is a chemical compound that has been shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent. It is a pharmaceutical formulation that can be fabricated into tablets or capsules and is used for the treatment of acute phase response. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate interacts with cationic surfactants and silicon to form a protective layer on the skin. The frequency shift of light in the optical system indicates that there are no acid molecules in this formulation. Acute phase response occurs when there is an inflammatory disease or infection where the body produces proteins such as fibrinogen and C reactive protein (CRP). These proteins are released by cells in order to stop bleeding and fight infection.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-O-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a custom synthesis of complex carbohydrates. This product is an Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, and Modification. It is made up of saccharides (sugar) and Carbohydrate. It has the CAS number 85359-06-4, which can be found on the Chemical Abstracts Service website. 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-O-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt is also Click modified with fluorine and synthetic. It has a purity of high purity and can be used for methylation and glycosylation reactions.</p>

<p>1-O-Benzoyl-2,4-O-benzylidene-D-threitol is a high purity custom synthesis sugar with click modification, fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation. It has CAS number and is an Oligosaccharide. 1-O-Benzoyl-2,4-O-benzylidene-D-threitol Monosaccharide saccharide Carbohydrate complex carbohydrate. It is also Glycosylated and Synthetic.</p>

<p>Glucose analog and potent inhibitor of α-glucosidases of class I and II. It interferes with N-linked glycosylation and oligosaccharide processing. The compound inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase and has protective effects against obesity-induced hepatic injury as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. It also has neuroprotective effects since it reduces senescence-related cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and amyloid beta deposition in mice.</p>

<p>6'-a-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine-PAA-biotin is a biotin labelled sialyllactose.  PAA - poly-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide.  The MW of PAA is ca 20,000DaSugar content: ca 10 mol%</p>

<p>Ciclopirox D-glucuronide sodium salt is a synthetic chemical that belongs to the group of glycosylated and fluorinated ciclopirox. It has been modified to improve its activity and stability. Ciclopirox D-glucuronide sodium salt is a high purity product with a custom synthesis and modification process. This chemical is useful for the synthesis of carbohydrate-based drugs, polysaccharides, saccharides, and complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Allyl 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-a-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination. It is a saccharide, which is a type of sugar. Allyl 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-a-D-galactopyranoside is an oligosaccharide and it belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. This product can be custom synthesized and has high purity. It has been methylated and glycosylated. Click modification has also been performed on this product.</p>

<p>Trifucosyl (1-2,1-2,1-3)-iso-lacto-N-octaose is a custom synthesis that is a complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that contains three monosaccharides linked by alpha glycosidic bonds. This compound has been modified using methylation and glycosylation reactions. Trifucosyl (1-2,1-2,1-3)-iso-lacto-N-octaose has been fluorinated at the C6 position of the sugar ring to increase its solubility in water and enhance its stability in acid conditions. The product is a high purity synthetic compound.</p>

<p>3-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-lactosamine is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide. The complex carbohydrate is composed of a saccharide and its modification. 3-Galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-lactosamine is a polysaccharide that contains saccharides with methylation, glycosylation, and click modification. The carbohydrate has high purity and is fluorinated. It has been synthesized using the Click chemistry method to modify the saccharides in the glycan.</p>

<p>Propyl b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates. It has a fluorinated hydroxyl group at the C3 position and an esterified carboxylic acid at the C1 position. This compound can be used as a building block for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. Propyl b-D-glucuronide is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 176.</p>

<p>1,3:1,4-B-Glucotriose (B) is a carbohydrate that is a monosaccharide. It is also an oligosaccharide that is classified as a complex carbohydrate. This compound can be synthesized with high purity and custom synthesis. 1,3:1,4-B-Glucotriose (B) can be modified with fluorination, methylation, glycosylation, and click modification. This product has CAS No. 157544-59-7.</p>

<p>3'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is a monosaccharide that is modified with fluorine. It has been used in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins and peptides. 3'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is also used to modify glycoproteins, which are proteins that contain carbohydrate chains. The modification with fluorine makes this product ideal for use in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins and peptides.</p>

<p>3-O-Acetyl-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid is a custom synthesis that is used in the preparation of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It has been modified by fluorination, which increases its stability. 3-O-Acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronic acid can be used to synthesize saccharides and carbohydrates as well as to modify monosaccharides and sugars. This product is available at high purity with a CAS number.</p>

<p>5-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-1-chloro-2,3-O-isopropylidene-b-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic saccharide that can be used as a custom synthesis. It is an intermediate for the synthesis of glycosides and has been shown to be useful for the methylation of saccharides. This product is also known as 5,5'-dithiobis(2,4,6 trimethylphenyl) disulfide.</p>

<p>D-Glucose is a monosaccharide that is used as an energy source. D-glucose is transported across the cell membrane by a sodium-dependent transporter. It has been shown to have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus in rat liver microsomes, as well as an inhibiting effect on the growth of squamous carcinoma cells in rats. D-glucose has also been shown to have hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats, which may be due to its ability to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-arabinofuranose is a stereoselective analog that inhibits human maltase glucoamylase and acetylation. It is also a potent nucleophile that reacts with the hydroxyl group of dimethyl fumarate to form an acetal linkage. This compound is used in the stereoselective synthesis of oligosaccharides and carbohydrates.</p>

<p>This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate is a supernucleophile that reacts with saccharides to form glycosides. It is a reactive compound that can be used in syntheses to create new disaccharides. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate was used in the synthesis of a glycoside analogue of glucopyranose. This compound has also been shown to react with imidates.</p>

<p>a1,3-Galactobiosyl b-methyl glycoside is a fluorinated saccharide that possesses the same chemical structure as N-acetylgalactosamine. It has been synthesized by click modification with methyl iodide and methyl bromoacetate. The synthesis of this compound was achieved by glycosylation of galactose with 1,3-diiodo-2,2'-bithiopropane followed by methylation of the resulting glycosylation product with methyl bromoacetate to form the desired compound. This carbohydrate can be used in a variety of applications including anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and cancer treatments.</p>

<p>Dextran is α-(1,6)-linked α-D-glucan with α-(1,3)-linked glucose branch points produced by fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides via the action of the enzyme dextransucrase on sucrose.  The main use for native dextran is as an extender in blood transfusions and products having a range of sharp cutoff molecular weights are produced commercially for this and other applications.  A complex of iron with dextran, known as iron dextran, is used as a source of iron for baby piglets which are often anaemic at birth.</p>

<p>(1R) -1- [(2S, 3R) - 3- Hydroxy- 1- methyl - 2- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a fluorinated sugar that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This synthetic monosaccharide can be modified by glycosylation, methylation, and click chemistry. It has an CAS number and a high purity.</p>

<p>3,4-Di-O-benzyl-1,2-O-(1-methoxyethylidene)-b-L-rhamnopyranose is a custom synthesis of high purity. It is a sugar with click modification and fluorination. 3,4-Di-O-benzyl-1,2-O-(1-methoxyethylidene)-b-L-rhamnopyranose has been synthesized by glycosylation, methylation, and modification of the carbohydrate moiety. This product is an oligosaccharide or monosaccharide that belongs to the group of carbohydrates. 3,4-Di-O-benzyl 1,2 O-(1 methoxyethylidene) b L rhamnopyranose is also known as CAS No., which is a number assigned to chemicals for identification purposes.</p>

<p>Gellan is a microbial polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas elodea and generates gels with similar properties to agar. Gellan gum is a linear tetrasaccharide of (1,4)-β-L-rhamnopyranosyl, (1,3)-α-D-glucopyranosyl, (1,4)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl, (1,4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl- with O(2) L-glyceryl and O(6) acetyl substituents on the 3-linked glucose. Both substituents are located on the same glucose residue, and on average, there is one glycerate per repeat and one acetate per every two repeats. In low acyl gellan gum, the acyl groups are removed completely. The high acyl form produces soft, elastic, non-brittle gels, whereas the low acyl form produces firm, non-elastic, brittle gels.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-L-lyxono-1.4-lactone is a synthetic sugar that belongs to the group of carbohydrates. It is a monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorination and glycosylation. This carbohydrate has also been methylated, which makes it useful for click chemistry reactions. 2-Azido-2-deoxy-2,4-diCmethyl L -lyxono 1,4 -lactone is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and oligosaccharides.<br>!--END--&gt;</p>

<p>Heparin disaccharide IV-A, sodium (HDS) is a complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that consists of a number of sugar molecules linked together to form a polysaccharide. HDS can be modified by methylation and glycosylation as well as fluorination and click modification. HDS has high purity and is synthetic.</p>

<p>Neocarrabiose is a low-energy, hydrogen-bonded sugar that has an optimum concentration of 0.5 M. It is found in the basic structure of oligosaccharides and belongs to group p2. Structural analysis has revealed that Neocarrabiose has a denaturation temperature of 98 °C. Clinical studies have shown that Neocarrabiose may be effective in treating influenza virus, although it is not currently approved for this use. Neocarrabiose can be used as a molecule to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds in organic synthesis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>

<p>2,3-O-Isopropylidene-L-gulonic acid-1,4-lactone is a synthetic sugar that has been fluorinated. The methyl group at the C2 position of this compound can be modified by various methods to give different derivatives. 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-L-gulonic acid-1,4-lactone is an oligosaccharide that is found in natural glycosides and saccharides. It is also used for click chemistry modifications in complex carbohydrate chemistry. This compound is CAS number 94840-08-1.</p>

<p>1,2,3-Tri-O-methyl-a-D-glucopyranose is a sugar that is used in glycosylation and fluorination reactions. This product can be custom synthesized to your specifications. It is available in high purity and with a variety of modifications. 1,2,3-tri-O-methyl-a-D-glucopyranose has been modified with methyl groups at the C1 and C6 positions. These modifications are useful for studies on glycosylation and fluorination reactions.</p>

<p>Methyl syringate 4-O-beta-D-gentiobiose is a modification, which is an oligosaccharide carbohydrate complex. It is synthesized by custom synthesis and has a high purity. It is a CAS number and has the molecular formula C12H20O9. This compound can be found in nature as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide sugar. The methylation of this compound can produce methyl syringate 4-O-beta-D-gentiobiose.</p>

<p>Decyl Glucoside is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier. It is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable. Decyl glucoside, also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.</p>

<p>Energy source for cellulose-metabolising bacteria</p>

<p>B-D-Galactoheptose is a short-chain carbohydrate that is found in Citrus. It can be used as a food additive, but it also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other sugars. The stereospecificity of this sugar is determined by the orientation of its hydroxyl group on carbon atom 2. This sugar has been shown to inhibit the growth of food-borne pathogens, such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The biosynthesis of b-D-galactoheptose begins with the conversion of glucose into erythrose 4 phosphate. This process requires ATP and pyruvate kinase and proceeds through two reactions: erythrose 4 phosphate dehydrogenase, which converts erythrose 4 phosphate into erythronate 4 phosphate; and aldolase, which converts erythronate 4 phosphate into b-D</p>

<p>Methyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-D-glucuronal is a sugar that has been synthesized in the laboratory. It is a functional sugar that can be used as a building block for other sugars. The conformation of this molecule was determined by conformational studies. This molecule has two benzyl groups that are oriented in different ways, which simplifies the parameters for this compound. Methyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-D-glucuronal is an anomeric sugar and can be found in the pyranose ring. Methyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-D-glucuronal also has a conformational theory that was developed to optimize its orientations and predict its geometries.</p>

<p>3-Acetamido-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3ADG) is a trisaccharide that is an acceptor for glycosidic reactions. It has been shown to be a good substrate for glycosidases, which hydrolyze it by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon from the 3rd carbon of the D-glucose residue. The enzyme specificity for this reaction has been shown to be dependent on the stereospecificity of the enzyme. 3ADG can also be used as a synthetic precursor for oligosaccharides, such as GalNAC, where it is used as a starting material in place of glucose.</p>

<p>D-Cellobiose, also known as cellose, is a reducing disaccharide consisting of two β(1-4)-linked glucopyranose units. It is produced by the hydrolysis of cellulose, a homopolysaccharide of glucose with β(1-4)-linkages. Cellobiose constitutes the polar part of cellobiose lipids (CLs) that are secreted by yeasts and mycelia fungi. Their various biological activities have led to a range of applications in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry and in medicine. Cellobiose itself has been used as an indicator carbohydrate for Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome. In biotechnology, cellobiose is one of the sugars explored for the synthesis of biotensides.</p>

<p>6-Deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose is a molecule that belongs to the group of glucose analogs. It has been shown that 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose, or dF6G, induces apoptosis in MCF7 cells through inhibition of glut1, the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis. The structural analysis of the compound showed that it contains a fluorine atom at C2 and an oxygen atom at C3. The kinetic studies revealed that dF6G reacts with H2O in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio to form hydrogen fluoride and 6-deoxyhexoate. 6dF6G has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties similar to glucose and it can be used as an alternative source of energy by many organisms including aerobacter aerogenes.</p>

<p>Galacto-N-biose-sp-biotin is a carbohydrate that can be custom synthesized. It is a sugar with a biotin moiety at the reducing end of the chain. It can be modified by fluorination, glycosylation, methylation, and other chemical modifications. Galacto-N-biose-sp-biotin has CAS number 55810-06-5.</p>

<p>Allyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-a-L-rhamnopyranoside is a topical antiperspirant and deodorant that is used to inhibit the production of sweat. It has been shown to be effective in combination with aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, and other active ingredients. Allyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-a-L-rhamnopyranoside has been shown to be more effective than glycerin or propylene glycol alone as an antiperspirant.</p>

<p>Glycosylation, methylation, and fluorination of natural and synthetic saccharides is the basis for a number of chemical modifications. The incorporation of these modifications into glycoproteins has been shown to be important in the modification and stabilization of protein-carbohydrate interactions. This process can be used to modify polysaccharides to form oligosaccharides for use as drugs or as substrates for industrial enzymes.</p>

<p>a1,2-Galactobiosyl b-methyl glycoside is a methylated galactose monosaccharide that is covalently bound to the terminal amino group of b-methyl glycosides. The fluorination of the methyl group can be achieved by reacting with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a palladium catalyst. This modification increases the stability of the compound and reduces its susceptibility to hydrolysis. The synthesis of this product is carried out using custom synthesis by clicking reaction with an azide moiety on a benzyl alcohol derivative. The resulting product has CAS No., Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide, Carbohydrate, Fluorination, complex carbohydrate, High purity, Modification, Monosaccharide, sugar Synthetic properties.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranose is a pentaacetate of glucose. This compound is transported in the blood and extracellular fluids and has been shown to be a substrate for hexaacetate transport. The transport of this compound by hexaacetate has been shown to bypass the intracellular k+ concentration gradient. It has also been shown to have anti-diabetic effects in animals and humans. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranose can also be found in foods that contain beta d glucopyranoside (e.g., bananas). This compound is resistant to digestion and can be found in the stomach or intestines where it postulated to have an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-</p>

<p>This is a custom synthesis of (5R, 6R, 7R, 8S) -5, 7-dihydroxy-8- (hydroxymethyl) -1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-2-one. This compound has been fluorinated and methylated and has a monosaccharide modification.</p>

<p>Glycyl-monosialyllacto-N-neohexose I is a monosaccharide that is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is custom synthesized and purified to high purity. This product can be fluorinated and methylated, which allows for the attachment of glycosyl groups. Glycyl-monosialyllacto-N-neohexose I is also a sugar with a CAS number. It has an average molecular weight of 137.14 g/mol and is made up of three atoms: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.</p>

<p>Cochineal is a natural dye that is extracted from the female cochineal insect. Cochineal is used in food and cosmetics, and as a red colorant in some pharmaceutical products. The carminic acid present in cochineal forms a stable complex with the anionic groups present in wool or silk, so it is not soluble in water. Cochineal has been shown to have genotoxic activity and can cause mutations at both the base-pairing level and at protein level. Cochineal has also been shown to be cytotoxic against human serum cells and disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. Its optimum concentration for signal peptide detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to be 0.1 mM.</p>

<p>The acetolysis of carrageenan produces a polymer homologous series of oligosaccharides, [Gal α1,3 Gal, Gal β1,4 Gal], [Gal α1,3 Gal β1,4 Gal, Gal β14, Gal α1,3 Gal], [Gal α1,3 Gal β1,4 Gal α1,3 Gal, Gal β1,4Gal α1,3Gal β1,4Gal] etc. (Lawson, 1968). This is significant as it provides an entry to the α-gal series or Galili antigens due to the fact that the disaccharide Galα1,3 Gal can be isolated in quantity. The distribution of the full α-gal epitope (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) is unique in mammals, being abundantly expressed on glycoconjugates of non-primate mammals, prosimians and New World monkeys. In contrast, the α-gal epitope is not expressed on glycoconjugates of Old World monkeys, apes and humans; instead, they produce the natural anti-Gal antibody that specifically binds the α-epitope. Anti-Gal mediates the rejection of pig xenograft organs in humans and monkeys by binding α-gal epitopes on the pig cells, inducing complement mediated destruction and antibody dependent cell mediated destruction. This barrier to xenotransplantation has been eliminated by producing α1,3 glycosyltransferase to knockout pigs. Since anti-Gal is ubiquitous in humans, the α-gal epitope has clinical potential in the production of vaccines expressing α-epitopes that can be targeted to antigen presenting cells (APC), thereby increasing the immunogenicity of viral and other microbial vaccines (Macher, 2008).</p>

<p>Glycyl-Lewisa is a synthetic, fluorinated monosaccharide that is produced by the modification of glycerol. Glycyl-Lewisa is a fluorescent compound that can be used as a biomarker for glycosylation, methylation, and other modifications. Glycyl-Lewisa is also a substrate for polysaccharide synthesis and has been shown to have antiviral effects against HIV. This product can be custom synthesized to meet specific customer needs.</p>

<p>2, 4-Anhydro-6-deoxy-L-mannonic acid methyl ester is a modified oligosaccharide that is synthesized from D-mannose. This compound can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycosides. It can also be used for the fluorination of saccharides and glucose derivatives. 2,4-Anhydro-6-deoxy-L-mannonic acid methyl ester is an important intermediate in the production of fluoroquinolones and other pharmaceuticals. It is also a precursor to antihistamines, antiarrhythmics, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, and antimalarial drugs.</p>

<p>3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal is a versatile building block used for the synthesis of mono- and oligosaccharides. The galactal double bond affords a ready means through which to introduce new functionality or introduce deoxy positions at the C1 and C2 positions to afford functionalised monosaccharides and also allows galactals to be used as glycosylation donors.</p>

<p>Organic tracer generated by burning cellulose; used for ageing wines and spirits</p>

<p>Biochanin A b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic chemical compound. It is a monosaccharide that is modified by methylation and fluorination. This product has been shown to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, 2, and 3 in vitro and in vivo. Biochanin A b-D-glucuronide also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>a-D-Mannose-1-phosphate dipotassium salt (DMDK) is a synthetic oligosaccharide that was designed and synthesized for use as a potential drug in the treatment of cancer. DMDK has been shown to be an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, which may lead to the prevention of tumor formation. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibiting protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Ex algal/bacterial polysaccharides-value in b1-3 glucanase assays &amp; diagnostics</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid methyl ester (NAD) is a natural product that is produced by the human body. NAD has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and modulate gene expression. This compound also plays a role in the development of stem cells, which are important for tissue regeneration. NAD has been shown to have therapeutic effects on paraplegia and angiogenesis. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be related to its ability to regulate mesenchymal stem cells.</p>

<p>Trehalose-6-phosphate disodium salt is a complex carbohydrate that can be modified to create a variety of products. Trehalose-6-phosphate disodium salt is made by the methylation of sugar, which creates an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, as well as other carbohydrates. Trehalose-6-phosphate disodium salt is also fluorinated to produce trehalose 6 phosphate fluoride, which has properties similar to those of trehalose 6 phosphate.</p>

<p>Turanose is a reducing analog of sucrose that is not metabolized by higher plants, but rather acquired through the action of sucrose transporters for intracellular carbohydrate signaling. In addition to its involvement in signal transduction, D-(+)-turanose can also be used as a carbon source by many organisms including numerous species of bacteria and fungi.</p>

<p>tert-Butyl b-D-glucopyranoside is a monomer that belongs to the class of acrylic acid ester. It is used in polymer synthesis, as a photoinitiator and as a light stabilizer for polymers. The compound is resistant to heat and has a high degree of light transmittance. Tert-butyl b-D-glucopyranoside is soluble in chloroform and can be found in carbon tetrachloride solution with a transmittance of up to 83%. This compound can be used as an indexing agent for silicon wafers because it produces protrusions when immersed in chloroform.</p>

<p>N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative and a useful tool for the study of sialic acid binding to its ligands. It was previously used for such purpose in studies on the influenza binding to hemagglutinin. This compound was also used for investigation of Clostridium botulinum toxin binding to various sugars.</p>

<p>2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) with multiple functions including: acting as a prebiotic, protecting against infections and inflammation, modulating the immune system, supporting brain development, and reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. The commercial availability of synthetic fucosyllactose is important because HMOs were previously only found at significant levels in human milk, however they are now available in several infant formulas. It has been given Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status and the European Union has approved the use of 2'-Fucosyllactose in infant formula products (Reverri, 2018).</p>

<p>4-Aminophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate for beta-galactosidase. 4-aminophenol is released upon cleavage by beta-galactosidase. 4-aminophenol can be assayed by electro-oxidation to 4-imino quinone while recording changes in potential or current of a galvanic system.  4-Aminophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used in affinity chromatography for the isolation of galactose-binding lectins.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl chloride - Stabilised with 2.5% CaCO3 is a crystalline compound that is synthesized from acetobromosugars and has the ability to inhibit virus activity. The compound binds to the reactive sulfhydryl groups on the surface of the virus, inhibiting its infectivity. This compound can be used in biomedical research for the treatment of hepatitis.</p>

<p>b-D-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that belongs to the carbohydrate class. It is a fluorinated monosaccharide with a high purity and custom synthesis. This compound is methylated and glycosylated, making it a complex carbohydrate with click modification.</p>

<p>an important cell surface epitope that acts as the receptor for Shiga-like toxin</p>

<p>Linear B-2 trisaccharide is a human serum glycoprotein that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It has been shown to have clinical relevance in the detection of cancer and infectious diseases, as well as for use in the treatment of cancer. Linear B-2 trisaccharide can be used in combination with monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This molecule is also an inhibitor of both influenza virus hemagglutinin and HIV gp120, which may be due to its ability to react with specific carbohydrate structures on these proteins. Linear B-2 trisaccharide is biocompatible and can be used in the development of biodegradable polymers. The linearity of this molecule makes it more stable than other related molecules, such as glycopeptides.</p>

<p>A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria and Cladosiphon (illustrated) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta.<br>The fucose content of the fucan is approx. 51% and it also contains galactose (approx. 6.3%), uronic acid (approx. 15.5%) and sulfate (approx. 25%).<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide is a glucuronide conjugate of ezetimibe. It can be found in human serum, as well as in the liver and small intestine. Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide has been shown to inhibit uptake of uridine into Caco2 cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptides. This drug also inhibits the production of creatine kinase in the liver and lowers cholesterol levels by inhibiting dietary cholesterol absorption. The drug interactions with statins are still unclear and require further investigation. Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide is metabolized by glucuronidation in the liver and small intestine.</p>

<p>Phloridzin is a phenolic acid that is found in the cell walls of plants. It has been shown to be a potent antioxidant, with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. Phloridzin is also an inhibitor of the divalent metal ion-dependent diphenolase activity that causes oxidative DNA damage. The dihydrate form of phloridzin has been shown to inhibit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by reducing oxidative stress.</p>

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid-OVA refers to ovalbumin that has been conjugated with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid. Sialic acids are important components of glycan structures and play various roles in biological processes, such as cell-cell interactions, immune response, and pathogen recognition. Conjugation of ovalbumin with N-acetylneuraminic acid can be used as a tool to study sialic acid-mediated biological phenomena or as an immunogen to elicit a specific immune response.</p>

<p>The 4-methoxyphenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (4MP) is a coagulation factor that inhibits the activity of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. The compound has been shown to be reactive with the detection methods used for other coagulation factors. The sensitivity of 4MP to detection was assessed using a battery of detection methods. 4MP was found to be more reactive than other compounds studied with regard to the use of an immunoassay for detection. This compound has hepatotoxic effects and can cause cell death in vitro. Cell culture studies show that 4MP causes membrane permeabilization and cellular uptake by bacteria.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-2-cyclopentylphenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide with a methylated, fluorinated, and glycosylated backbone. It is often used as an artificial sweetener or sugar substitute in foods and beverages. The saccharide can be modified to contain one or more click modifications and/or polysaccharides. This product has been custom synthesized for high purity.</p>

<p>Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. This carbohydrate is modified with fluorination and glycosylation, which are Click modifications. Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose has a CAS number of 68638-04-3. This product is available for purchase in bulk quantities.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-xylofuranose is a synthetic carbohydrate with a complex structure. It is an oligosaccharide that has been modified by methylation and glycosylation. It has a molecular weight of 582.16 g/mol and the CAS number is 1174234-12-8.</p>

<p>D-Glucopyranosyl thiosemicarbazide is a synthetic molecule that reacts with halides to produce regiospecifically substituted aldehydes. It has been used in the synthesis of glycosylated heterocycles and for the conversion of amines into reactive intermediates. D-Glucopyranosyl thiosemicarbazide can be prepared by reacting 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone with sodium nitrite in methanol followed by hydrolysis with water. This reaction produces an intermediate that reacts with sulfur dioxide to form the desired product. The structure of this molecule was determined using X-ray crystallography on crystals obtained from aspergillus mold.</p>

<p>Benzyl b-D-glucopyranoside is an organic solvent that can be used in chromatography. It is a disaccharide that consists of benzyl alcohol and glucose. Benzyl b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to have inhibitory activities against glycosidation and β-amyrin synthesis, as well as other biochemical techniques. This compound has also been shown to have carbohydrate antigen activity, which may be due to its benzyl group.</p>

<p>Chitobiose is a dimer formed by beta-1,4-linked glucosamine units.<br>It is also the repeated dimer of chitin, a polysaccharide.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranose, also known as beta-D-galactose pentaacetate, has high chemical stability and long shelf life. This protected form of galactose is a key building block of any chemical synthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates. In the presence of Lewis acids it can be used as a glycosyl donor to make simple glycosides. In order to perform more complex galactosylations it can be converted into more reactive donors, such as glycosyl halides or thioglycosides.</p>

<p>A protected glucuronide which is an anomeric mixture.</p>

<p>1-Deoxy-L-mannitol is an effective oral hypoglycemic agent that has been used in the treatment of diabetes. It is a sugar alcohol with a chemical structure similar to glucose and erythritol. 1-Deoxy-L-mannitol is absorbed by the small intestine and enters the bloodstream after being hydrolyzed by pancreatic enzymes. It inhibits fatty acid synthesis, which leads to decreased levels of acetyl coenzyme A and increased levels of carnitine, leading to activation of fatty acid oxidation in liver cells. This drug also inhibits phosphatase activity, which leads to decreased production of glycerophosphate from triphosphate. This process results in an increase in intracellular pH and a decrease in plasma glucose concentration. The use of 1-deoxy-L-mannitol for the treatment of diabetes was first reported by George Cahill and his colleagues at Harvard University in 1967. It was shown that this drug could reduce blood sugar</p>

<p>2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-a-D-cellobiosyl bromide is a naturally occurring trisubstituted steroidal glycoside. It is insoluble in water and activated by chloride ions. 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-a-D-cellobiosyl bromide has been shown to have antiviral properties in mammalian tissue cultures. This compound also has potential use as an ingredient in skin care products due to its ability to inhibit the production of fatty acids that are essential for the replication of viruses.<br>2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-a-D-cellobiosyl bromide can be found in microalgae and food composition as a nutrient.</p>

<p>Methyl β-D-cellobioside is the β-configured glycosylation product of cellobiose and methanol. It is a cellobiose mimetic without the reactive (reducing) properties of the cellobiose aldehyde/hemiacetal. As a highly water soluble, non-reducing mimetic of cellobiose (the repeating disaccharide of cellulose), methyl β-D-cellobioside has been applied as inhibitor of binding events involving cellulose-binding domains (CBD) in proteins, for instance as part of the eluent in the related affinity chromatography. It is also a substrate for various β-glucosidases and glycosyltransferases, and the scaffold is a useful starting material for the chemical synthesis of inhibitors of the latter types of enzymes.</p>

<p>Fructose with azide functional handle</p>

<p>2-Aminoethyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosidonic acid is a synthetic glycosylate carbohydrate used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This product is custom synthesized to order and can be modified with fluorination, methylation, click modification, or saccharide modification. 2AAEDG2NA has a CAS number of 38971-42-5 and is sold in high purity.</p>