Glicoscienza

<p>Oligogalactosyllactose is a polysaccharide made from galactose and glucose. Oligogalactosyllactose has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Oligogalactosyllactose also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to bind to free fatty acids and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This dietary ingredient is found in inulin, which is a type of carbohydrate that can be found in some vegetables. Oligogalactosyllactose is composed of short chains of sugar molecules, making it easier for the body to absorb. It is also more readily metabolized by bacteria in the gut than other types of carbohydrates like celluloses or starches.</p>

<p>A2F N-Glycan is an oligosaccharide that is found in the human body. It is a glycan that has been shown to be involved in a number of biological processes, including effector functions, site specific recognition, diagnosis, and biopharmaceutical production. A2F N-glycan has also been shown to have potential as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The A2F N-glycan profile may differ between patients with different cancers or autoimmune disorders. This difference in the A2F N-glycan profile may contribute to the development of personalized medicine by helping to diagnose these conditions and predict their prognosis.</p>

<p>Competitive inhibitor of glucosylceramidase (GlcCer), which catalyses the first step in glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis. This compound is a promising candidate for substrate reduction therapy in Sandhoff disease, where it decreases the rate of GSL biosynthesis and counterbalances the impaired rate of ganglioside catabolism.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-L-mannopyranose is a sugar that is synthesized by the enzyme arabinofuranosidase. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of arabinose to form 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-l-mannopyranose. The enzyme has been shown to be thermostable and can be used as an acceptor for other enzymes, such as glycosyltransferases and glucosidases. The biosynthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxymannopyranose starts with l -arabinose, which is converted into d -arabinose by the action of aldaribinofuranosidase, followed by conversion into 2 acetamido--2 deoxymannopyranose by the action of arabinofuranosidase. Mutations in these enzymes have been found to affect the stereospecific</p>

<p>2,3-O-Isopropylidene)- L- ribonic acid gamma-lactone is a carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. The custom synthesis of this product is available on request. This product has been shown to be high purity and methylated. It has also been glycosylated and click modified.</p>

<p>(1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - 3-Hydroxy- 1- (phenylmethyl) - 2- azetidinyl] -1, 2- Ethanediol is a custom synthesis that is a glycosylated, fluorinated and methylated sugar. It is an oligosaccharide with four monosaccharides and one disaccharide repeating unit. This molecule has been modified with Click chemistry and the use of polysaccharides. The CAS number for this compound is 1009076-81-2 and it can be purchased in high purity.</p>

<p>Sucrose octabenzoate is a practically colorless, odorless, transparent, glass-like material which is compatible with a number of synthetic resins, such as polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate and cellulose acetate. Sucrose octabenzoate improves the hardness and gloss of these products and has also been found to be useful as a component of inks, adhesives, coatings and plastic objects.</p>

<p>Heparin disaccharide I-A trisodium salt is an oligosaccharide that is a synthetic and modified form of heparin. It is used as a pharmaceutical agent to prevent coagulation, and in the treatment of thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other cardiovascular diseases. This product has been custom synthesized for the modification of sugar structures, fluorination, methylation, sugar modification and click chemistry.</p>

<p>The sodium salt of hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan found in many organs, where it functions as a joint lubricant and shock absorber. It is obtained principally from synovial fluid, vitreous humor of the eye, umbilical tissue and cocks comb. The chemical structure of hyaluronic is a disaccharide repeat of β-(1,3) glucuronic acid and β-(1,4) N-acetyl glucosamine.</p>

<p>1,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-ribofuranose is a modified carbohydrate. It is synthesized by the methylation of 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-arabinopyranose followed by glycosylation with 3,6-dideoxyhexose. This compound has been used as a substrate in enzymatic studies to investigate the modification of carbohydrates by glycosylation and methylation and can be used for the synthesis of other saccharides.</p>

<p>Methyl 6-O-[(3-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranosyl]-b-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosylated, fluorinated, saccharide that can be custom synthesized. The CAS number for this compound is 127571-99-1. This product is a monosaccharide with a molecular weight of 576. Methyl 6-O-[(3-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranosyl]-b-D-galactopyranoside has been used in Click modification and polysaccharide synthesis.</p>

<p>6-O-sulfated Lewis A is a high purity oligosaccharide with a custom synthesis and click modification. This product has been shown to be useful in glycosylation, methylation, and saccharide modification. It is a versatile carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. 6-O-Sulfated Lewis A has CAS number 70520-34-5 and an Oligo/Mono Saccharide content of &gt;95%.</p>

<p>4-Deoxy-D-glucose is a neutral, odorless chemical that is used in the synthesis of glycosides. It has a hydroxy group and a methyl group attached to the 4th carbon atom. The hydroxy group on the 4th carbon atom can act as a nucleophile and react with electrophilic groups such as ketones or alcohols. This reaction mechanism leads to the formation of sugar products called methyl glycosides. There are many side effects associated with this chemical, including allergic reactions, which can be due to its structural similarity to glucose. The optimum pH for this chemical is 7.4, which makes it an acid-stable molecule. 4-Deoxy-D-glucose is found in nature and is biosynthesized by plants and animals in order to produce blood group antigens (ABO system). It also plays an important role in the ternary complex that regulates cell division in bacteria.</p>

<p>3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose is a monosaccharide that is synthesized by methylation of the corresponding aldose. It has been used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose has also been shown to be useful in the fluorination of saccharide chains.</p>

<p>Dextran sulphate is a dextran derivative whose ulcer (colitis) -causing properties were first reported in hamsters and extrapolated a few years later to mice and rats. The exact mechanisms through which dextran sulphate induces intestinal inflammation are unclear but may be the result of direct damage of the monolayer of epithelial cells in the colon, leading to the crossing of intestinal contents (for e.g. commensal bacteria and their products) into underlying tissue and therefore induction of inflammation.  The dextran sulphate sodium induced ulceration model in laboratory animals has some advantages, when compared to other animal models of colitis, due to its simplicity and similarities to human inflammatory bowel disease.</p>

<p>Myoinositol is a cyclitol and a member of the group of hexahydroxycyclohexanes. It is found in many plants and animals, especially in brain tissue, and plays an important role as a component of cell membranes. Myoinositol has been shown to inhibit cellular glycosidases, which are enzymes that break down complex sugars. In addition, myoinositol has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. Myoinositol is used as an analytical reagent in phase chromatography to separate molecules based on their hydrophobicities. 1-D-3-Deoxy-myo-inositol also has corrosion inhibition properties and can be used as a pesticide or agrochemical.</p>

<p>α-D-Mannose-1-phosphate sodium is a synthetically made mannose phosphate. This compound is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-acetyl-4,6-benzylidene-N-Boc-1,2,5-trideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by a click modification of 4,6 benzylidene N Boc glucitol. The synthesis of this compound was accomplished by the use of a two step process to convert the starting material into 2 acetamido 3 O acetyl 4,6 benzylidene 1,2 5 trideoxy 1 5 imino D glucitol. The first step involved the conversion of 4 6 benzylidene 1 2 5 trideoxy 1 5 imino D glucitol to 2 acetamido 3 O acetyl 4 6 benzylidene 1 2 5 trideoxy 1 5 imino D glucitol. In the second step, this compound was converted to 2 acetamido 3 O acetyl</p>

<p>(1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - N-Butyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a synthetic carbamate which is a modification of the sugar D-glucose. It has been fluorinated at the C4 position and glycosylated at the C2 position. This compound is also methylated at the C3 position. (1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - N-Butyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol has CAS number 7145636 and has been custom synthesized to be high purity and with custom synthesis modifications.</p>

<p>Suberoylanilide-D5 hydroxamic acid b-D-glucuronide is a modification of sucrose. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with an Oligosaccharide and Carbohydrate. This compound is synthesized with Custom synthesis, Synthetic, High purity, CAS No., Monosaccharide, Methylation, Glycosylation, Polysaccharide, sugar and Fluorination. Suberoylanilide-D5 hydroxamic acid b-D-glucuronide is a fluorinated saccharide that can be used as a sugar for glycosylation or methylation.</p>

<p>E-Retinyl b-glucuronide is a metabolite of vitamin A that is formed in the liver by glucuronidation of retinol. It has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects and can be used to activate various immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. E-Retinyl b-glucuronide binds to cell surface antigens and induces the expression of surface markers on mononuclear cells. In vitro studies have shown that this metabolite has growth-promoting activity for certain types of cancerous cells including colon carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. E-Retinyl b-glucuronide is also known to inhibit the binding of 13-cis retinoic acid to its receptor, thereby preventing the activation of genes in target tissues.</p>

<p>1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-5-O-toluoyl-D-ribofuranose is a monosaccharide. It has been custom synthesized and modified with a click modification. This product is available in high purity and has been shown to be a complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a polymer that can be synthesized by copolymerizing the monomer with other reagents. The acetal linkage between the two glucose units allows for a cyclic structure, and this compound is soluble in water and methanol. 1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-glucopyranose has been used to synthesize a variety of polymers such as polyacetals and polyesters.</p>

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine HCl is a compound that can be used in the production of bacterial cellulose. It is a white powder with a molecular weight of 536.2. 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine HCl has been shown to be effective in the cultivation of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This product is also an additive for deionized water and deionized sucrose solutions. Tetraacetylated glucosamine hydrochloride is used to produce bacterial cellulose through the action of cellulase enzymes on sucrose solutions containing NaOH. In addition, this product has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells when cultured in vitro.</p>

<p>2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is a thioglucoside that can be synthesized from D-glucose and benzyl bromide. This compound is a protonated nucleophile with a hydroxyl group that can interact with the sulfur of a thiol or disulfide group. The interaction between 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose and S. aureus has been shown to be dependent on the concentration of 2,3,4 tri O benzyl glucopyranose. The reaction between this compound and oligosaccharides led to the formation of dioxane ring structures that were hydrophobic.</p>

<p>Synthetic building block</p>

<p>6-Amino-6-deoxy-D-lactose is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that has been fluorinated and glycosylated. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, saccharides or complex carbohydrates. 6-Amino-6-deoxy-D-lactose can be found under CAS No. 5892-84-7.</p>

<p>N-Butyldeoxymannojirimycin HCl is a custom synthesis, complex carbohydrate that is synthesized from Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides. This product is modified with Methylation, Glycosylation, and Carbohydrate. It has the CAS No. 155501-85-2 and it is high purity and fluorinated. The product can be used in Synthetic applications such as Click modification, sugar, or Fluorination.</p>

<p>2,4,7,8-Tetra-O-acetyl-9-azido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester is a high purity synthetic compound that has been modified for use in Click chemistry. It is a monosaccharide with an acetyl group on the 2' position and an azido group on the 9' position of the sugar. This compound is used in fluoroination reactions to modify sugars and oligosaccharides. It can also be used in glycosylation reactions to attach monosaccharides and saccharides to proteins or other molecules.</p>

<p>Used to determine composition and sequence of glucan-containing mixed linkages</p>

<p>N-(Propylidenimino)-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that is modified with fluorine and methyl groups. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of glycosylation in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. N-(Propylidenimino)-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranoside also has the ability to prevent glycosylation by binding to carbohydrate substrates.</p>

<p>D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate tetra(cyclohexylammonium) salt is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and ethanol and insoluble in ether, chloroform, and benzene. D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate tetra(cyclohexylammonium) salt is used as a raw material for the production of mono and oligosaccharides by click chemistry or glycosylation. The chemical formula for this substance is CHNO4.H2O4C8H11N.</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>A custom synthesis of (3r,4s)-3,4-Bis-benzyloxymethyl-oxetane-2-one 2-hydrate is a modification of a complex carbohydrate. This compound is synthesized from an oligosaccharide and has the molecular formula C14H15O2. The molecular weight for this compound is 256.24 g/mol. This compound is soluble in water and has a melting point of 80°C. It can be used as a sugar or a polysaccharide in glycosylation reactions. This compound also has fluorination and saccharide functionalities that can be used in methylation reactions to produce methylated sugars or monosaccharides.</p>

<p>2,6-Anhydro-D-glycero-D-ido-heptonamide is a fluorinated carbohydrate that can be synthesized by the reaction of 2,6-anhydro-D-glycero-D-heptonic acid with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and ethyl bromoacetate. This compound is then modified with a methyl group at the C2 position or an acetyl group at the C3 position. The resulting product can be used in a wide variety of applications including biopharmaceuticals, diagnostic reagents, and inorganic chemicals.</p>

<p>Sodium carboxymethyl dextran is a white, odourless and tasteless powder, which is freely soluble in water or electrolyte solutions. Applications that have been described for carboxymethyl dextran include carriers of paramagnetic contrast agents, preparation of conjugates of pharmacologically active compounds and carboxymethyl dextrans in biosensors.  A number of other uses in cosmetics, agriculture, foods, paints and textiles have been the subject of patent applications.</p>

<p>2,3:4,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid is a mediator that is used in the synthesis of epoxides. It is obtained by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with 2,3:4,6-di-o-isopropylidene-2-keto-l-gulonic acid monohydrate. This product can be used as an intermediate in organic synthesis to produce chiral epoxides. The stereochemistry of the epoxides depends on the chirality of the substrate and the stereoselectivity for this process is high. The epoxides are then recycled and reused to make more 2,3:4,6--di--isopropylidene--2--keto--l--gulonic acid monohydrate.</p>

<p>D-Mannose-6-phosphate sodium salt (DMSP) is a phosphorylated sugar that is produced by the enzyme expressed in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DMSP has been shown to be involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and other lipids. Its solubilization and adsorption properties have been studied using dibutyryl camp, which is a lipid found in milk fat. The amino acid analysis of DMSP revealed that it contains both D-mannose residues and 6-phosphate groups. The 6-phosphate group is found only on one side of the molecule, which may contribute to its asymmetry.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranosyl amine is a custom synthesis that has been fluorinated and modified. It has been synthesized for use in the production of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This compound is a monosaccharide with a CAS number of 1338226-07-5. It can be used to produce complex carbohydrates. 2DGPA can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of saccharides or sugars.</p>

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-L-mannopyranose is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by the modification of the glycosylation process. It is a methylated and fluorinated oligosaccharide with a high purity. This product is available for custom synthesis in order to meet specific customer requirements.</p>

<p>3-O-Methanesulfonyl-D-glucopyranose is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that can be modified with fluorination, glycosylation, methylation and modification. It is also synthesized from glycoaldehyde and methanesulfonic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate. 3-O-Methanesulfonyl-D-glucopyranose can be used to synthesize saccharides and oligosaccharides. This compound is soluble in water and has a boiling point of 218°C at 760 mmHg. It is slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol and acetone. 3-O-Methanesulfonyl-D-glucopyranose has a CAS number of 40631-95-6.</p>

<p>NGA2F Glycan is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized by the enzymatic transfer of an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue to a serine or threonine residue on protein. It is modified with methylation, Click modification, and fluorination. NGA2F Glycan has two binding sites for 2-AB labelled monosaccharides. The glycosylation site is located at the non-reducing end of the molecule, while the oligosaccharide site is located at the reducing end of the molecule.</p>

<p>1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-L-galactopyranose is a synthetic sugar that is used for the saccharide modification of proteins. It has been shown to be an efficient and cost effective way to synthetically modify proteins with oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. 1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-L-galactopyranose can be modified with fluorine atoms using a click chemistry reaction. This reaction is catalyzed by copper ions and generates a reactive thiol group on the sugar molecule that can then react with amino groups on protein molecules. The resulting product is a glycosylation site on the protein that can be further modified with other sugars or molecules. The fluorination step eliminates any possibility of adverse reactions being caused by the presence of reactive hydroxyl groups.</p>

<p>Neocarratetraose 4,4-disulfate disodium salt is a synthetic, fluorinated carbohydrate that is synthesized from neopentyl glycol and 1,2-dichloroethane. It has been used as a substrate for the glycosylation of saccharides. Neocarratetraose 4,4-disulfate disodium salt is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight of 538.</p>

<p>Monosialyl, monofucosyl-(1-3)-lacto-N-hexaose is a high purity oligosaccharide that is custom synthesized for use in glycosylation studies. It can be modified with methylation, fluorination, or Click chemistry to create a variety of sugar derivatives. Monosialyl, monofucosyl-(1-3)-lacto-N-hexaose has been shown to have complex carbohydrate properties and can be used as an α1→6 glycosidic linker in the synthesis of polysaccharides.</p>

<p>2-C-Azidomethyl-2,3-di-O-benzhydryloxybis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl-1-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-D-erythritol is a synthetic compound that can be used as a methylating agent and sugar donor in the glycosylation of oligosaccharides. This compound has been shown to methylate saccharides with high purity and can be used for the preparation of complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>2,5-Anhydro-1-O-trityl-D-mannitol is a complex carbohydrate with the molecular formula C6H14O6 that has been modified for use in glycosylation reactions. It is a type of sugar that can be modified to create desired properties and can be used as an alternative to other sugars such as glucose. 2,5-Anhydro-1-O-trityl-D-mannitol can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. This product is available in high purity and has a CAS number of 68774-48-1.</p>

<p>5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-iduronic acid is a custom synthesis of oligosaccharide. It is a glycosylation that has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click modification. This complex carbohydrate has an CAS number. The molecular weight of this polysaccharide is not determined. 5D5FIA3L is a saccharide sugar that has the ability to form glycosidic bonds with other saccharides and proteins in the body. This property makes it an important component in the human diet as well as in biochemistry and structural biology research.</p>

<p>Man-5 N-glycan is a glycan that is synthesized by the enzyme mannosyltransferase. This glycan contains five mannose residues, one galactose residue, and one N-acetylglucosamine residue. The Man-5 N-glycan is found in eukaryotes, which are organisms whose cells have nuclei and membrane bound organelles. It is often found on the surface of cells or in secretions such as mucus or saliva. Man-5 N-Glycans are involved in cell signaling and may play a role in bladder cancer development. They are also used to generate monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic purposes.</p>

<p>1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic sugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a high purity product with a purity of &gt;99% by weight. This product is also available as a custom synthesis.</p>

<p>1,2,3-Tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranose is a fluoropyrimidine prodrug. It can be converted to 5-fluorocytosine in vivo and has been shown to have antitumor properties. The positron emission from 1,2,3-triacetyl-5-deoxyribofuranose is used as a radiotracer for colorectal cancer.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-trityl-a-D-mannopyranose is a methylated saccharide. It is a synthetic product that can be used for the modification of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product has been fluorinated and can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It can also be used for the synthesis of monosaccharides or sugars.</p>

<p>6-Deoxy-L-tallitol is a sugar that is synthesized from the natural sugar, L-taloheptulose. This product is custom synthesized and can be modified to suit the needs of the customer. It can be fluorinated, glycosylated, or methylated as required. 6-Deoxy-L-tallitol can be used in a variety of applications such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and food products. This product has a CAS number, Oligosaccharide, Monosaccharide, saccharide Carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Chiral-pool sugar used to mirror syntheses based on natural L-Rha</p>

<p>Dermatan sulphate is a glycosaminoglycan found in skin, blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, aorta, spleen and brain and is usually isolated from pig skin or beef lung tissue. The disaccharide repeat unit is composed of L-iduronic acid and N-acetyl-galactosamine-4-sulphate linked β-(1,3) and β-(1,4). There are also small amounts of D-glucuronic acid.</p>

<p>Substrate for b-6-GlcNAc-transferase</p>

<p>Sodium Pentagalacturonate, (β-1,4 sodium Pentagalacturonate) is derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis (Combo, 2012). It is used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterize endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s) (Jayani, 2005). The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, tetra-galacturonate, and penta-galacturonate oligosaccharides, restore development in dark-grown, de-etiolated seedling mutants, suggesting that they are unable to generate de-methylesterified pectin fragments. A model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types has been proposed, that contains overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development (Sinclair, 2017).</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl bDgalactopyranosyl)-bDglucopyranoside is a modification of an oligosaccharide. It is a high purity and custom synthesis. This product can be found under CAS No. 807827-28-0.</p>

<p>Gycosaminoglycan in many organs; joint lubricant and shock absorber</p>

<p>Ethyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that belongs to the group of carbohydrates. It is a complex carbohydrate with an oligosaccharide and polysaccharide side chain. The saccharide contains a methylated and glycosylated benzene ring attached to the oxygen atom of glucose at position C1, which then has an acetate group that is attached to it. The glycosylation of this molecule is methylated at the C2 position, which is a rare modification that has not been studied extensively. This molecule also has a fluorinated acetate group at the C3 position on the glucose ring. This product is high purity and synthetic in origin.</p>

<p>1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose is a sugar that belongs to the group of xylooligosaccharides. It is an enzymatic inactivator that binds to the enzyme hydrolase family. Xylooligosaccharides are found in plant cell walls, where they can be used as a carbon source by termites. 1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose has been shown to be most active against neutral ph, but it is not active against acidic ph. The enzyme hydrolase family is inhibited by binding with 1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose and this prevents hydrolysis of carbohydrates, which includes glycosidic bonds.br&gt;br&gt;<br>1,4-beta-D-xylohexaose has also been shown to be beneficial for sustainable agriculture practices as it inhibits enzymes that break down xylooligosaccharides</p>

<p>a-D-Glucuronic acid-1-phosphate is a substrate for alkaline phosphatase. It hydrolyzes phosphate esters and modifies inorganic phosphate, including pyrophosphate. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleotide monophosphates such as NADPH and UDPglucose to their respective diphosphates. This enzyme is not inhibited by inorganic phosphate, phosphatase, NADP+, or UDP-.</p>

<p>Chiral-pool resource for organic synthesis</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone (2DRA) is a chemical compound with physiological effects. 2DRA is an irreversible inhibitor of DNA polymerase that has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of nuclear DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo. The 2DRA inhibits the transfer reactions that are required for the replication of DNA. 2DRA binds to the nuclease domain of the enzyme and prevents it from cutting the phosphodiester bonds, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. This compound also has genotoxic effects and can cause mutation in cells through radiation or chemical treatment.</p>

<p>A methyl protected galactoside</p>

<p>Produced from starch; white hygroscopic spray-dried powder; easily digestible</p>

<p>Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-a-D-allopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that has a complex carbohydrate structure with a fluorination modification. It is synthesized by the methylation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3,4,6 tetra deoxy aldopyranose and the glycosylation with methylated glucose. Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-a -D allopyranoside is used in research to study the synthesis of saccharides and glycoconjugates. Its CAS number is 6891–51–8. This product is available for custom synthesis.</p>

<p>Ethyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a glycosylated monosaccharide. It is synthesized by the reaction of 1,2,3,4,6-pentaacetyl bromohexose with benzaldehyde and thioglycolic acid. The product is purified by recrystallization. This compound has a CAS number of 141263-01-6 and can be custom synthesized to meet your needs.</p>

<p>3-O-(a-L-Fucopyranosyl)-4-O-(3-sialyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose is a modification of the complex carbohydrate, oligosaccharide, monosaccharide, and polysaccharide. It is synthesized by methylation of glucose and glycosylation with sialic acid. The product has a CAS number and a high purity level. This product is an example of a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been fluorinated. The product can be used as an additive or preservative in food products.</p>

<p>GDP-D-galactose is a sugar nucleotide that is an intermediate in the synthesis of GDP-D-mannose. It is synthesized from D-galactose by the enzyme galactokinase, which converts D-galactose to D-galacturonate. GDP-D-galactose can then be converted to GDP-D-mannose by the enzyme GDP mannokinase. The incorporation of GDP into macromolecules is a process that can be used as a marker for biosynthesis and has been shown in Gracilaria sp.</p>

<p>D-Talitol is a drug that is used to treat eye disorders and chronic pulmonary diseases. It belongs to the class of drugs called xylitol dehydrogenase inhibitors. D-Talitol inhibits the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase, which converts xylitol into a different sugar called sorbitol. Sorbitol accumulates in certain parts of cells, such as the mitochondria, and can disrupt cellular processes by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In addition, there are other effects of sorbitol accumulation that may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, including inhibition of protein synthesis, induction of apoptosis (cell death), and inhibition of cell proliferation. D-Talitol has been shown to inhibit the growth of chronic kidney cells in culture by interfering with cellular metabolism in mitochondria.<br>A kinetic study has also shown that D-Talitol inhibits b-raf activity at concentrations that are not cytotoxic. This suggests that D-Talitol may be useful for</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Anhydro maltose found in the pyrolysis products of cellulose</p>

<p>1-L-Epi-2-inosose is a natural compound that has been found to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This substance is a product of the hemocyte's enzymatic conversion of L-epinephrine into 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxyisoquinoline (1L-Epi). 1L-Epi is also synthesized in vitro from epinephrine by the enzyme dehydrogenase. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, 1L-Epi has been shown to be a potent proliferation inhibitor for human cells and to be effective against gram negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Larch arabinogalactan is extracted from the heartwood of the western larch Larix occidentalis. This compound has a backbone of 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units each of which contains a side chain at position C-6. Arabinogalactans are used as emulsifiers, stabilizers and binders in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as low viscosity dietary fibres and as a prebiotic fibres.</p>

Glycosyl-donor for syntheses of N-acetylgalactosamine-glycoconjugates

<p>L-Guluronic acid sodium is a monosaccharide that plays a crucial role in cardiac health. It is involved in the uptake and utilization of polyene carbohydrates, carotenoids, and fatty acids by human myocardial cells. L-Guluronic acid sodium has been shown to enhance the bioavailability of these essential nutrients, promoting optimal heart function. Additionally, this compound acts as a reactive analog, mimicking the effects of certain molecules involved in mammalian cell signaling pathways. This unique property makes L-Guluronic acid sodium a potential therapeutic agent for various cardiovascular conditions and may have implications in other areas such as stent technology and cancer research.</p>

<p>Cerebrosides are a type of complex carbohydrate that consists of a sugar molecule attached to a fatty acid. The sugar molecule is either glucose or galactose and the fatty acid is usually a long chain fatty acid. Cerebrosides are found in the brain and spinal cord and their function is not yet fully understood. Phrenosin (Cerebrosides-Phrenosin) is a high purity, custom synthesis, sugar-based glycoconjugate with Click modification, fluorination, glycosylation, synthetic, methylation, modification, oligosaccharide, monosaccharide and saccharide as its main components. It has been shown to have strong anti-inflammatory activities in animal models.</p>

<p>N-Propanoyl mannosamine is a biochemical that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It is an intracellular messenger that modulates the concentration of intracellular calcium and controls the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). N-Propanoyl mannosamine has been shown to stimulate axonal growth in cell culture, which is mediated by the polysialic acid receptor. This molecule also has a role in human osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.<br>N-Propanoyl mannosamine can be synthesized from dopamine and erythrose via a series of reactions involving acidification, oxidation, reduction, and decarboxylation. The synthesis of this molecule requires blood group O as an acceptor.</p>

<p>2,5-Anhydro-6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexonic acid methyl ester (ADAEM) is a modified sugar that can be used as a building block for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. ADAEM is a monosaccharide with six hydroxyl groups. This modification of the sugar molecule prevents it from participating in glycosidic bond formation. ADAEM has been shown to be resistant to enzymatic degradation and has high purity. It is also stable at high temperatures and pH ranges.</p>

a-D-Glucose-1-phosphate dipotassium salt hydrate (aDG1P) is a glycogen synthesis inhibitor that inhibits the phosphorylases in the breakdown of glycogen. It also inhibits the synthesis of glycogen by inhibiting ATPase activity, which is required for the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. The inhibition of phosphorylases and ATPase activity prevents the phosphorylation of glucose and leads to a decrease in glycogen synthesis. aDG1P has been shown to be effective in both animal models and human subjects for treating muscle disease such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

<p>Ulvans are structural polysaccharides present in the cell walls of green algae such as Ulva armoricana, Ulva rotondata, Ulva rigida, Ulva lacterca and Ulva pertusa. They are highly sulphated and contain rhamnose 3-sulphate, xylose, xylose 2-sulphate, glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.  Ulvan has several potentially valuable functionalities such as gel formation for agricultural and food applications. It has also an anticoagulant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antitumor activities that are attractive for pharmaceutical applications.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>Bearberry has been used for centuries to treat various disorders of the urinary tract and prostate. The active ingredient in bearberry is a flavonol glycoside called arbutin, which is converted to hydroquinone during metabolism. As an antioxidant, hydroquinone inhibits the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. Hydroquinone has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in rat liver microsomes and tissue culture, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase activity. In vitro, bearberry extracts have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth on agar plates with pH levels from 4-7 and at concentrations between 0.1-1%. It was found that bearberry extracts were most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, with MIC values ranging from 2-4 mg/mL. Bearberry extract was observed to be more effective than ampicillin against these strains in a chromatographic assay.</p>

<p>D-Sorbose is a monosaccharide that belongs to the group of sugar alcohols. It is a reducing sugar that can be used as an alternative for sugar in food and pharmaceutical industries. D-Sorbose has been shown to have potential industrial applications due to its high solubility, low melting point, and resistance to crystallization. The enzyme ribitol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli was found to be active with D-sorbitol, but not with l-sorbitol. This indicates that D-sorbitol is a better substrate for this enzyme than L-sorbitol.</p>

<p>(2R,3R,4R)-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-pyrrolidinediol is a custom synthesis of polysaccharide that is modified with methylation and glycosylation. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized using Click chemistry. The product is fluorinated and has high purity.</p>

<p>Ivory nut mannan occurs in members of the custard apple, ebony and palm families - Ivory nut. The polysaccharide contains more than 95% mannose units linked β-(1,4) with a few a-D-galactopyranosyl units linked (1,6). It is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals paints and explosives.</p>

<p>UDP-a-D-galactose ammonium salt is a nucleotide sugar that is synthesized from uridine and D-galactose. It plays a role in cellular energy metabolism by providing substrate for the synthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids. UDP-a-D-galactose ammonium salt has been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in galactose metabolism. This nucleotide sugar also has been shown to be an exogenous acceptor for various oligosaccharides, including those present on glycoproteins and glycolipids.</p>

<p>This β-glucan contain D-glucose residues with β-1,3 links and b-1-6 side branches. The frequency, location, and length of the sidechains may play a role in immunomodulation. Differences in molecular weight, shape, and structure of β-glucans can also affect the differences in biological activity. The water-soluble β-D-glucan is extracted from fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus by hot aqueous extraction, followed by freeze-thawing and dialysis. Methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy, indicated the presence of a β-D-glucan with a main chain (1,3)-linked, substituted at O-6 by single glucose residues.<br>The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.</p>

<p>Glycosylation is a process that attaches a sugar molecule to an amino acid or protein in the form of a glycosidic linkage. The attachment of the sugar molecule can be accomplished by either an enzymatic or chemical process. The type of glycosylation determines the type of linkage, which can be alpha-N-glycosidic (α-N), beta-N-glycosidic (β-N), or N-acetyl--galactosamine (NAG). Methylation is a process that changes one or more hydroxyl groups on a compound into methyl groups. It is usually performed with compounds containing alcohol groups (-OH) on their molecules. Click modification is a chemical reaction used to attach two chemical compounds together. It usually involves the use of copper(I) chloride, copper(II) chloride, and other reagents such as tetrabutylammonium bromide and potassium bromide. Click modification has been</p>

<p>2-C-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-L-gulono-1.4-lactone is a synthetic monosaccharide that is a modification of L-Gulono Oligosaccharide, which is a polysaccharide. 2C-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl -2,3:5,6-di--O--isopropylidene--L--gulono 1.4 lactone is also known as 2C-(tert butyldimethylsilyloxy) methyl -2,3:5,6--di--O--isopropylidene--L--gulono 1.4 lactone and is used in the manufacture of saccharides and carbohydrates. It can be found in the</p>

<p>Bacterial exopolysaccharide from gram negative Flavobacterium spp.</p>

<p>Gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide is a saponin found in the roots of Gypsophila paniculata, a plant native to China. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mice by inhibiting protein synthesis. The pentasaccharides that make up gypsogenin are present in different proportions, which leads to differences in the biological activity of this compound. This is one of the reasons why saponins have not yet been fully explored for potential use in medicine.</p>

<p>Tetra-guluronic acid sodium salt (1,4-linked α-L-sodium guluronotetraose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate, a polysaccharide from brown seaweeds. It contains blocks of: repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences. This oligosaccharide can be released by acid hydrolysis and a number of biological activities have been discussed in a recent review.</p>

<p>The device is a leafed, solid-state, responsive device that connects with the user's skin. It measures the user's skin conductance and then produces a signal corresponding to the degree of deliquescence based on a theory that links biophilia to evolutionary circuitry. The device has been shown to be effective in combination with other devices.</p>

<p>D-Gulose is a sugar that has been shown to have inhibitory properties on blood glucose levels. It also has insulin-like effects and can be used as an alternative to insulin injections in patients with Type 1 diabetes. D-Gulose is metabolized by the liver into 5-deoxy-D-gluconic acid and then into glucose, which can then be used for cellular energy production. The rate constant for this process was determined in experiments using rat liver slices. D-Gulose may also have potent angiogenic effects, as it increased the proliferation of pluripotent cells and caused significant increases in growth factor β1 expression. D-Gulose may also have potential anti-cancer effects, as it inhibited nitrate reductase activity in tumor cells and decreased xanthine oxidase activity.</p>