Antimicrobici

Tridehydro pirlimycin is an antibiotic compound, which is a synthetic derivative with origins in the lincosamide family. It is characterized by its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, leading to a bacteriostatic effect. The compound is primarily developed for its use in veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment and management of bacterial infections in animals.

Metabolite of rifampicin

β-Lactoglobulin A is a whey protein found predominantly in bovine milk, characterized as a globular protein. It is sourced from the milk of cows and serves as a major component of whey, the liquid by-product of cheese production. The structure of β-Lactoglobulin A allows it to bind hydrophobic molecules, such as fatty acids and vitamins, which may facilitate their transport and absorption in the digestive tract.

Oxpoconazole fumarate is a systemic antifungal agent, which is a synthetic compound derived from chemical synthesis. It functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes, ultimately disrupting cell growth and replication. This inhibition interferes with the integrity and functionality of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death.

Kanamycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces kanamyceticus*. Its mode of action involves binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This mechanism is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria and certain gram-positive bacteria.

21-Norrapamycin is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its chemical structure is closely related to that of rapamycin, a well-known immunosuppressant. The mode of action of 21-Norrapamycin involves the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. By binding to the FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12), it forms a complex that then inhibits mTOR, a crucial regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival.

Loracarbef monohydrate is a synthetic antibiotic, which is derived from carbacephem compounds with a mode of action that involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby blocking the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains which are crucial for bacterial cell wall structural integrity.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; glycylcycline class

Pazufloxacin is an antibacterial agent, which is a synthetic derivative originating from the fluoroquinolone class of compounds. This source categorizes it alongside a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics known for their efficacy against a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. The mode of action of pazufloxacin involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination processes. By inhibiting these enzymes, pazufloxacin disrupts the bacterial DNA processes, ultimately leading to cell death.

Ethyl 6-fluoro-7-benzofurancarboxylate is a synthetic organic compound, belonging to the class of ester derivatives, which is primarily used in chemical research and potential pharmaceutical development. This compound is synthesized through a series of organic reactions involving fluorination and esterification processes, originating from precursors of benzofuran derivatives.

Pyflubumide-des(2-methyl-1oxopropyl) is a selective miticide, which is synthesized through advanced chemical processes. Its mode of action involves inhibiting cellular respiration in spider mites, specifically targeting the activity of mitochondrial complex II. This disrupts the energy production pathway, leading to pest mortality.

Doxycycline is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis, respiratory chain, DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV. Doxycycline inhibits papaverine by blocking the expression of both cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase. Doxycycline is commonly found in studies for bacterial infections, drug therapy, histopathological studies, cell culture and chemometric analysis.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside

Clindamycin 2-palmitate sulfoxide is a semisynthetic antibiotic, which is a derivative of clindamycin. It originates from lincomycin, a natural antibiotic produced by the bacterium *Streptomyces lincolnensis*. This compound functions as a prodrug, which is converted into its active form in the body. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome, thereby preventing the growth and replication of susceptible bacteria.

Antimicrobial Compound 1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, which is derived from natural sources, specifically from marine bacteria with known potent antimicrobial properties. This compound acts by targeting and disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, specifically inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking, which ultimately leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic instability. Such a mechanism offers a robust approach to tackling Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

PC 190723 is a synthetic chemical compound, which is derived through targeted chemical synthesis processes involving precise organic reactions. Its mode of action involves disrupting cellular division by inhibiting specific protein functions essential for the mitotic process. This molecular interaction results in potent effects on cell division, making it a valuable tool for studying cellular mechanics and developing therapeutic strategies.

2-(2-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate is a synthetic chemical compound, classified as an organic ester. It originates from the reaction between benzoic acid and a derivative of nitroimidazole, a class of compounds known for their bioactivity. The molecular framework includes a benzoate ester linked to an imidazole ring, which is substituted with nitro and methyl groups, contributing to its unique characteristics.

(+)-Oxanthromicin is a natural compound classified as a polyketide antibiotic, which is derived from certain strains of soil-dwelling actinomycetes. These microorganisms are known to produce a variety of biologically active secondary metabolites. The mode of action of (+)-Oxanthromicin involves the inhibition of specific bacterial enzymes, disrupting essential processes within the microbial cells. This interference can lead to growth inhibition or cell death, showcasing its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Borrelidin is a potent antibiotic of the polyketide class, which is isolated from various Streptomyces species. Its mode of action is characterized by its inhibition of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, effectively disrupting protein synthesis within bacteria. Additionally, Borrelidin is known for its unique anti-angiogenic properties, which result from the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, making it a compound of interest in cancer research.

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PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide, which is a type of cyclic peptide composed of amino acids and hydroxy acids. It is derived from the fermentation products of the fungus *Mycelia sterilia*, a member of the *Rosellinia* genus. Its mode of action involves disrupting glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasitic nematodes, which leads to paralysis and eventual death of the parasite.

10, 11-Dehydrocurvularin is a fungal phytotoxin with heat shock response and immune-modulatory activitie. Curvularins inhibit the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), thereby acting as anti-inflammatory agents and immune system modulators

Cefquinome sulfate is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is derived from the beta-lactam family, specifically designed to combat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It achieves this by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) within the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death due to the interruption of necessary cell wall components.

Carbazomycin B is a bioactive compound which is an antibiotic derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces. This compound exhibits its mode of action by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, which ultimately restricts the growth and proliferation of bacterial cells. The unique chemical structure of Carbazomycin B allows it to target specific pathways within bacterial organisms, making it an important tool in combating resistant strains.

RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor

Tyrothricin is a peptide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Bacillus brevis. This compound comprises a mixture of polypeptides, primarily gramicidin and tyrocidine, both of which are instrumental in its antimicrobial activity. The mode of action of tyrothricin involves disrupting bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. Gramicidin increases the permeability of the bacterial membrane to ions, while tyrocidine promotes disruption of membrane integrity, which together exert bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

Lobucavir is an antiviral compound with a mode of action that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It is used for treating infections caused by herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus.

4-Epianhydrotetracycline is a chemical compound that is a derivative of tetracycline, a well-known antibiotic. It is primarily a byproduct arising from the chemical degradation of tetracycline antibiotics, occurring under acidic or basic conditions. The source of this compound is the structural transformation of tetracycline, resulting in an altered molecular configuration.