Nucleotidi

<p>dATP, dTTP, dCTP and dGTP pre-mixed in a single vial</p>

2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate disodium (2D5MCP) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is used in the treatment of cervical cancer and other cancers that are dependent on DNA synthesis. 2D5MCP works by binding to and inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called DNA polymerase, which is needed for DNA replication. This drug also has been shown to inhibit fatty acid synthase enzymes and surface glycoprotein enzymes, which may be responsible for its anti-cancer effects. 2D5MCP has been shown to have an effective dose range between 50 and 150 mg/kg, with no significant side effects seen at doses up to 300 mg/kg. 2D5MCP does not bind to plasma proteins or erythrocytes, so it can be administered intravenously without risk of tissue damage caused by osmotic lysis.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate tetralithium (2'DFUR) is a fatty acid that is resistant to many antibacterial agents. 2'DFUR inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. This drug has been shown to have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus strains and other bacteria. The mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, but it may involve inhibition of nucleotidyltransferase and aminopropyl transferase enzymes.

<p>5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine is an antiviral nucleoside that inhibits viral replication by competing with the natural substrate, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate, for incorporation in DNA. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine has been shown to be a novel antiviral agent and an activator of host immune responses against virus infections. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of phosphoramidites, which are used in the production of DNA.</p>

2'-Deoxyadenosine-3'-monophosphate sodium salt (dAMP) is a novel nucleoside analog that is the sodium salt of 2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-monophosphate. It has shown anticancer and antiviral activity in vitro, as well as cytotoxicity against some human cancer cell lines. It has also been shown to be active against HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 1. The drug is modified with an amino group at the 2' position of the ribose sugar, which increases its stability in vivo and reduces its toxicity. This product also contains high purity, high quality, and novel deoxyribonucleosides that are synthesized by a phosphoramidite method.

1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil is a nucleoside analog for research applications. It contains a β-D-arabinofuranose sugar and the fluorine (F) substitution at the 2'-position enhances stability and improves resistance to enzymatic degradation. The 5-methyluracil base makes it structurally similar to thymidine, allowing it to be recognized by DNA polymerases and kinases.

1-(3`,5`-Di-O-benzoyl-2`-deoxy-2`-fluoro-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a nucleoside analog with modifications that influence its biological activity. It contains a thymine base and 3',5'-Di-O-benzoyl groups that protect hydroxyl functionalities during chemical synthesis. This molecule also has the sugar 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranose made up of an L-arabinose configuration and a 2'-Fluoro substitution, the latter of which enhances stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation.

<p>Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADPH) is a coenzyme that mediates various biological processes. It’s a regenerating electron donor in cellular antioxidation systems and a regulator of energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions. It mediates calcium homeostasis via the generation of cyclic ADP-ribose and modulates several key factors in cell death such as mitochondrial permeability transition and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1).</p>

<p>5'-O-Levulinoylthymidine is a novel nucleoside analog that inhibits viral proliferation by inhibiting viral RNA polymerase. This drug is also an activator of ribonucleotide reductases, which are enzymes that synthesize deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. 5'-O-Levulinoylthymidine has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. It has also been shown to be effective against HIV-1 infection in vitro.</p>

<p>3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine is a nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, and other diseases. 3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine inhibits the replication of RNA by binding to the replicon. It binds to the RNA polymerase in a pharmacophore-based manner and inhibits its activity. When combined with other drugs, it has been shown to increase their efficacy. The combination of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine with interferon alpha 2b for the treatment of Hepatitis B has been shown to be more effective than either drug alone. The inhibition of cellular growth by 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine may be due to its ability to inhibit rna synthesis.</p>

<p>Guanosine 5'-monophosphate, also known as GMP, is a ribonucleoside monophosphate that becomes incorporated into RNAs when phosphorylated to GTP.</p>

<p>Anti-viral agent; iodinated analog of deoxycytidine</p>

5-Fluorouridine-5'-O-b-D-galactopyranoside is a nucleoside that can be used as an activator to synthesize ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides. This product is also an anticancer agent, as it inhibits cell proliferation by inactivating the enzyme DNA polymerase. It is highly purified, with a purity of 99%.

2'-O-Methyl-2-thiouridine is a modified nucleoside that is categorized as a mismatched nucleotide. It is found in RNA, where it replaces uridine and acts as a mismatch base. 2'-O-Methyl-2-thiouridine has been shown to stabilize duplex DNA against thermal denaturation by forming triplexes with complementary sequences. It also stabilizes dsDNA against hydrolysis by the enzyme ribonuclease H (RNase H) and has been used in the design of antisense therapeutics. Thermophilic bacteria use this molecule to synthesize their own thymine nucleotides, which are structurally similar to 2'-O-methyl-2-thiouridine. This modification prevents mismatches in their own dna and helps protect them from heat stress. The thermodynamic stability of this molecule has been calculated using an algorithm that takes into account the hybridization free energy, enthalpy change, entropy

<p>Tetrahydrouridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that has been shown to have inhibitory properties in clinical pathology. Tetrahydrouridine is a natural product derived from the amino acid histidine and is found in the cells of many living organisms. It is believed that tetrahydrouridine may be useful as an adjuvant to radiation therapy, and it has been shown to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, such as decitabine and Ara-C. Tetrahydrouridine inhibits enzymes involved in DNA methylation, which can lead to cancer cell death.br&gt;<br>Tetrahydrouridine also has inhibitory effects on enzymes that produce cytidine from uracil, which can help prevent the formation of cancerous cells.br&gt;<br>Tetrahydrouridine inhibits deaminase activity, which produces uracil from cytosine. This inhibition prevents the production of uracil-cytosine</p>

<p>2'-O-Propargylguanosine is a monophosphate nucleoside that is synthesized from Ribonucleosides. It has been shown to have antiviral and anticancer properties. 2'-O-Propargylguanosine has shown to be an activator of the transcription factor NF-κB and to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. This drug inhibits viral replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase, thereby preventing RNA synthesis.</p>

<p>2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-2-fluoroadenosine is nucleoside analog of adenosine for use in research. The addition of a fluorine to an adenosine can change adenosine's properties such as its hydrogen bonding ability and how it interacts with water and other biological molecules. It can also increase the stability of adenosine and increase its half-life in biological systems.</p>

<p>N2-Isobutyrylguanosine is a synthetic nucleoside analog. It is activated by the enzyme thymidine kinase and inhibits the synthesis of RNA and DNA, which leads to cell death. N2-Isobutyrylguanosine has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mammalian cells. This drug has also been shown to inhibit insulin-like growth factor I and phosphorothioate monomers. N2-Isobutyrylguanosine inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids, leading to a decrease in lipid content in cells.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxyduridine is a nucleoside that is naturally found in the human body. It can be synthesized from uridine by oxidation of the 5-hydroxyl group to the corresponding aldehyde. It has been shown to have genotoxic effects in vitro and in prostate cancer cells. 5-Hydroxyduridine has also been shown to inhibit sugar transport, which may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with glycosidic bonds. It has been reported that 5-hydroxyduridine causes acid formation and hydroxylation of cardiac lipids.</p>

7-Deaza-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (7DDAD) is a nucleoside analogue that has been used as an immunodeficiency agent. This drug inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 7DDAD is a prodrug that is converted to adenosine after it enters the cell, and this conversion prevents DNA synthesis. The effective dose of 7DDAD is 50 mg/kg in rats, but this dose may vary depending on the technique used. 7DDAD has been shown to be effective in vitro against HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, and it can also be used to treat cytomegalovirus infections. In addition, 7DDAD has been shown to inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells in vitro.

<p>2'-O-Methyladenosine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a novel nucleoside phosphoramidite. It is an activator and it can be used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. The compound has antiviral properties and has been shown to inhibit DNA replication, protein synthesis, and RNA transcription. The compound also inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.</p>

<p>Thymidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a novel anticancer drug that is structurally modified to resemble thymidine. It has antiviral and antitumor effects and can be used as an antineoplastic agent. Thymidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a high quality, high purity ribonucleoside that can be used in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and phosphoramidites. This drug has shown activity against various types of cancer cells and is being investigated for its potential use in the treatment of leukemia.</p>

<p>3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine is a potent inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, which is an important component of many different cellular processes. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase in cell culture and in serum alanine. 3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine also inhibits the synthesis of uridine triphosphate, which is required for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The acid complex form has potent inhibition properties against viruses such as alphaviruses, and it also inhibits transport of nucleic acids into cells. 3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine can act as an analog to adenosine and may be used to treat viral infections such as HIV or herpes simplex virus.</p>

<p>Akt activation inhibitor</p>

<p>2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyluridine is a uridine derivative with potential for use in organic synthesis such as the preparation of modified nucleosides, nucleotides, and RNA analogs.</p>

2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of viruses and other DNA-containing organisms. 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine also has inhibitory properties on cell nuclei, which may be due to its ability to bind with DNA and prevent the synthesis of RNA or protein. 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine has been shown to inhibit the growth of human HL60 cells in vitro at an optimum concentration of 20 μM. It also inhibits the replication of murine sarcoma virus at an optimum concentration of 16 μM. 2'-Deoxy-5-iodouridine has significant cytotoxicity against solid tumours in mice, which may be due to its ability to inhibit hydrogen fluoride (HF) induced lipid peroxidation and reduce glutathione levels.

<p>2',3'-Dideoxy-5-iodocytidine is a modified nucleoside analog based on cytidine, one of the four standard nucleosides found in DNA and RNA. It has been chemically altered to interfere with DNA or RNA synthesis, making it potentially useful as an antiviral or anticancer agent.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid is a crystalline compound with an orthorhombic crystal system. The crystal structure of 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid monohydrate was determined by X-ray diffraction and refined to 2.5 Å resolution. The space group was found to be P212121 and the unit cell dimensions are a = 9.716 Å, b = 10.867 Å, c = 12.242 Å and β = 106.9°. The molecular weight of 5-bromo-2-fluoronicotinic acid monohydrate was found to be 277.3 g/mol with an elemental analysis of C: 67% H: 7% F: 16%.</p>

<p>2'-O-Methyl-5-methyluridine is a nucleoside that is involved in the synthesis of RNA. It is a component of the 5-methyluridine (5MU) and 2'-O-methyl-5-hydroxymethyluridine (2'OMMU) families of nucleotides. This compound has been shown to be effective against organisms such as E. coli, S. typhimurium, and C. parapsilosis, which are amide sensitive. The amide group of 2'-O-methyl-5-methyluridine can be cleaved by reagents such as hydrazine or tris(2,4,6,-trimethlyphenyl)phosphonium bromide to form 5MU and 2'OMMU respectively. The modifications to the ribose ring are important for its activity and function in cells. The modification of the ribose ring is catalyzed by enzymes called</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Cytidine 2′,5′-diphosphate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cytidine is a nucleotide molecule formed through the attachment of cytosine to a ribose ring</p>

<p>Toyocamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Toyocamycin monohydrate (TM) has been shown to have significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and induce apoptosis. The drug also has inhibitory properties against wild-type strains of bacteria, such as diastatochromogenes, and is active against high-resistant strains of bacteria, such as E. coli. Toyocamycin monohydrate has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation in hl-60 cells and k562 cells by binding to RNA polymerase II and blocking RNA synthesis.</p>

5-(Methoxycarbonyl)methyl-2’-O-methyluridine is a nucleoside that is a precursor of cytidine. It is synthesized by the enzyme UMP synthase, which converts 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine to uridine and 2′-O-methyluridine. The synthesis of 5-(Methoxycarbonyl)methyl-2’-O-methyluridine occurs in both mammalian cells and Xenopus oocytes. This compound has been shown to be a potential biomarker for cancer and may be useful as an indicator of detoxification enzymes activity.

1-(2`-Chloro-2`-deoxy-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a thymine molecule attached to a modified arabinose sugar. Scientists create and study these nucleoside analogs because they can have antiviral or anticancer properties. The changes in the sugar can affect how the molecule interacts with enzymes and other biological components.

2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate or dGTP, is a nucleotide used by the cell to synthesize DNA molecules. 2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate is used in molecular biology techniques and assays as a substrate of the enzyme DNA polymerase, e.g. polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, pyrosequencing reactions.

2,6-Dichloro-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a protected nucleoside analog which can possibly be used as a synthetic intermediate in the preparation of purine-based nucleosides, especially in medicinal chemistry and nucleic acid synthesis. This compound is composed of 2,6-Dichloropurine – a modified purine base where chlorine atoms replace the hydrogen atoms at positions 2 and 6 and a β-D-ribofuranose. The 2', 3', and 5' hydroxyl groups on the ribose are protected with acetyl groups (–OAc). These tri-O-acetyl protections prevent unwanted reactions during synthetic steps.

<p>3′-UMP is a modified nucleoside that has antiviral activity, and is synthesized by the phosphoramidite method. It is a novel compound, which has not been previously reported. 3′-UMP is an activator of ribonucleotide reductase and can be used to treat viral infections. This drug also has anticancer effects and can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia. 3′-UMP has high purity and high quality.</p>

2'-C-Methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate triethyl ammonium salt - Aqueous solution is a synthetic nucleotide analog for use in research

5'-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-7-deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine is a nucleotide that is used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides. 5'-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-7-deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoguanosine is a novel deoxyribonucleotide that can be activated to form a phosphate linker. The high purity and quality of this nucleotide are ensured by the use of state of the art purification techniques.

2-Amino-6-chloro-9-(2'-deoxy-3',5'-di-O-toluoyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a purine nucleoside analog where the purine base has a 2-amino group at position 2 and a chlorine at position 6. The sugar is 2'-deoxy, meaning it lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group (like in DNA), and has two toluoyl protection groups attached to the 3' and 5' positions on the sugar.

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Aminothieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol is a nucleoside analog for research purposes

<p>2-Acetamido-6-chloro-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a modified purine nucleoside, protected with acetyl groups, which protect the sugar during chemical reactions. This compound is based on a purine ring and also contains an acetamido group at position 2, a chlorine atom at position 6 and a β-D-ribofuranosyl sugar.</p>

<p>Also known as 3′-azido-ddA, displays potent antiviral activity in primary human lymphocytes and HeLa and T-cell lines. It has particular activity againstinst H.ns.</p>

<p>N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine is a novel nucleoside analog with potent antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase and inhibits DNA synthesis. N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro, as well as the growth of human tumor cells in vivo.</p>

6-Chloro-7-deaza-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a monophosphate nucleoside analog that is used as an antiviral agent. It is a synthetic compound that is activated by phosphorylation to form the triphosphate, which inhibits viral DNA synthesis by binding to the RNA polymerase enzyme. 6-Chloro-7-deaza-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine has been shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and may be useful for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

5'-Ethylcarboxamido-2-iodo-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine is a phosphoramidite nucleoside that is synthesized by the reaction of 5'-ethoxycarbonyl-N,N-diisopropylaminomethylene adenosine with 2,3'-O-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2'-propionic acid ethyl ester. It is used as an antiviral agent and has shown anticancer activity. This novel synthetic nucleoside is structurally related to the natural nucleosides adenosine and inosine.

<p>Please enquire for more information about Nicotinic acid-13C6 riboside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

2',3',5'-Tri-O-benzoyl-2'-C-methylcytidine is a modified cytidine analog. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside, composed of cytosine attached to a ribose sugar via a β-glycosidic bond. The hydroxyl groups on the ribose sugar at the 2′, 3′, and 5′ positions are protected with benzoyl groups which can prevent side reactions during chemical synthesis. A methyl group is also added to the 2′ carbon of the sugar ring.

<p>Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-D-viosamine disodium salt is a nucleoside that has been conjugated to a carrier molecule. This compound is an anomeric, pyranose, and conjugate acid. It has been shown to have antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-D-viosamine disodium salt inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA by inhibiting the incorporation of uracil into the viral DNA strand. This inhibition prevents the production of new viruses by preventing replication.</p>

<p>a specifically designed building block for introducing a 3'-amino group into oligonucleotides. The dideoxy sugar ensures the amino group is the primary functionality at the 3' end, while the DMT and isobutyryl protecting groups ensure controlled reactivity during oligonucleotide synthesis and subsequent modification steps.</p>

N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium is a synthetic nucleoside that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of DNA polymerase α, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA. N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultured cells and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This drug also inhibits the growth of certain bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium may be used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS or cancer.

<p>2'-Deoxy-6-O-methyl-guanosine is a methylated nucleoside that has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells. It does so by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, which is required for the production of proteins. This compound also inhibits monoclonal antibody production, which may be due to its ability to methylate DNA and prevent dna duplexes from being repaired. 2'-Deoxy-6-O-methyl-guanosine is used as a probe in the detection of human proteins by fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensitivity of this probe has been shown to be greater than 10 ng/mL, making it ideal for use in clinical settings where small quantities of proteins are present.</p>

2'-O-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt is a synthetic nucleoside that has been shown to be a substrate for DNA polymerase and an inhibitor of RNA synthesis. It has been used in the laboratory as a primer and as a biochemical tool to study viruses. 2'-O-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt is active against murine leukemia virus, but not against ciliated protozoan parasites such as Tetrahymena pyriformis. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme form of HIV reverse transcriptase and to be cytotoxic at high concentrations.

<p>3'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine is an activator that can be used in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and nucleosides. It is a novel, modified, and high purity chemical entity that has shown anticancer and antiviral properties. 3'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine is a monophosphate nucleotide, which can be used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. This product has been synthesized using high quality reagents in order to provide the best possible product for research purposes.</p>

<p>2'-Amino-2'-deoxyuridine is a modified nucleoside based on uridine. The 2'-hydroxyl group on the sugar is replaced by an amino group. This compound can be used for research purposes</p>

<p>5'-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside that is produced by the enzymatic reaction of glycolaldehyde and ATP. It is found in both DNA and RNA, where it plays an important role in the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. 5'-Deoxyadenosine has been shown to be involved in hydrogen bonding with other molecules, such as ethanolamine. It also has a kinetic effect on the enzyme activity of ribonucleotide reductase by forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds with other adenine nucleotides. The analogs of 5'-deoxyadenosine have been shown to inhibit viral replication in cell culture studies using typhimurium virus.</p>

2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt is an inorganic compound that has a furanose ring. It is used as a monofunctional building block for the synthesis of nucleotide derivatives. The conformations of 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt are experimentally determined by x-ray data, which shows that the molecule adopts a twisted conformation with two possible orientations: one where the 2'OH group is oriented toward the phosphate group, and another where it is oriented away from it. The nature of these conformers can be confirmed by analyzing their x-ray diffraction patterns.

Uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a supramolecular complex that binds to gold nanoparticles. The binding of uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt to gold nanoparticles can be used for the detection of metal ions through the photometric method. Uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the glutathione-dependent reduction of vitamin B12, which is a key step in methionine synthesis and folate metabolism. This inhibition may lead to a decrease in protein synthesis, ATP production, and cell division.

2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate disodium (2DdCMP) is a competitive inhibitor of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of various human cancer cell lines in vitro and to reduce tumor size in mice bearing transplanted human tumor xenografts. 2DdCMP inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by interfering with the expression of growth factors that are involved in mitogenesis. This drug also inhibits the growth of new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor formation and progression. 2DdCMP binds to an allosteric site on receptor molecules, thereby blocking the binding site of other proteins such as growth factors and kinases that may be involved in tumorigenesis.

<p>A synthetic cytosine analogue that incorporates into DNA and prevents DNA methylation via DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibition. Demonstrated potent anti-leukaemic effects attributed to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Has anti-growth effects on solid tumor cell lines.</p>

1-(5'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a modified nucleoside analog with structural modifications that enhance its biological properties, stability, and pharmaceutical potential. The compound features thymine (5-methyluracil) as the nucleobase, a pyrimidine derivative. The sugar component is 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranose, which includes the L-arabinose configuration, a departure from the natural D-ribose or D-deoxyribose configuration typically found in DNA and RNA, influencing how the molecule is recognized by biological systems. The 2'-fluoro substitution at the sugar position improves the compound's stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, while also potentially enhancing its antiviral activity. A 5'-O-benzoyl group serves as a protecting group, safeguarding the 5'-hydroxyl group during synthesis.

2',3'-Dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate can be used with uracil DNA glycosylase to minimize PCR carryover contamination and enables the kinetics of deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases to be investiagated.

6-Thio-9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine is a purine analog that inhibits the enzyme uridine phosphorylase, which is involved in the metabolism of uridine. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of L1210 cells and also to be effective against subcutaneous tumors in mice. 6-Thio-9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine is active against schistosomiasis in mice, with an LD50 of 1 mg/kg. This drug has also been shown to have potential antitumor activity and was able to inhibit the growth of human lymphocytes and leukocytes.

9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl) guanine is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. 9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl) guanine binds to the phosphate groups in DNA and inhibits the synthesis of DNA causing cell death. It also has antineoplastic properties.

Inosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is an antiviral compound that is used to inhibit the replication of many viruses, including herpes, influenza, and HIV. It has been shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro. Inosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a modified nucleotide that is used as a phosphoramidite for DNA synthesis. This compound can also be used as an activator for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. It has been shown to have anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro and also inhibits viral DNA synthesis by preventing the formation of ribonucleotide triphosphates from ribonucleotides. The molecular weight of this compound is 390.4 g/mol and its CAS number is 81012-88-6.

<p>2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of uridine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group on the ribose sugar is replaced with an azido group (–N₃), and the base is unmodified uracil. This modification alters the sugar's conformation and chemical reactivity, enabling the use of this analog in bioorthogonal labeling strategies, particularly through azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. Its incorporation into nucleic acids can influence polymerase recognition and chain elongation, making it a useful probe in studies of RNA synthesis, structure, and function.</p>

<p>Acetyl hypoxanthine is an inorganic compound that has a cyclophosphate group. It can be synthesized from the reaction of acetic acid and 6-chloropurine, which is activated with trifluoroacetic acid and irradiated with ultraviolet light. Acetyl hypoxanthine can then be synthesized by ammonolysis of chloroacetone using ammonia or by chlorinating acetylene with chlorine. The advantages of this compound are its high yield and low cost.</p>

<p>Deoxyadenosine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase</p>

<p>Gemcitabine is a prodrug that is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in the body. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bladder and pancreatic cancer cells by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA replication by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, which leads to cell death. Gemcitabine also acts as a competitive inhibitor of deoxycytidine kinase, which prevents the formation of deoxycytidine monophosphate from deoxyuridine monophosphate, preventing DNA replication. In addition, gemcitabine can activate apoptosis in some tumor cells by increasing levels of intracellular free calcium, which leads to activation of enzymes such as phospholipases and proteases that degrade proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.</p>

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluorouridine 5’-monophosphate triethyl ammonium is a fluorinated nucleotide analog used in biochemical and medicinal research

<p>Dihydrozeatin riboside is a cytokinin, a group of plant hormones that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. It is found in the form of an ester, dihydrozeatin riboside, which is produced by the action of trifluoroacetic acid on zeatin. The natural function of this hormone is to stimulate cell division in plants, but it has also been shown to have antibacterial effects against bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Dihydrozeatin riboside inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch-clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction</p>

<p>N4-Benzoylcytidine is a nucleoside that is used as part of the synthesis of the antiviral drug acyclovir. It is synthesized by reacting uridine with benzoyl chloride in a solid-phase synthesis. N4-Benzoylcytidine has shown to inhibit the growth of virus type-1 and other viruses, including those that cause herpes simplex and varicella zoster. This nucleoside also inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF) and is a hybridization probe for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The benzoate group on this compound reacts with hydroxyl groups on proteins, which may be why it has been shown to stimulate epidermal growth in mammalian cells.</p>

<p>5'-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (5-ECA) is an adenosine receptor antagonist that is used as a radioligand to study the binding of adenosine and other nucleotides to their receptors. 5-ECA binds to the A3 receptor, which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This compound also inhibits platelet aggregation and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mice with colon cancer. 5-ECA was found to inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model system by suppressing IL-2 production and reducing levels of PGE2, an effect that may be due to inhibition of cyclase activity. 5-ECA can be used in vitro for studies on pluripotent cells because it does not affect their ability to differentiate.</p>

<p>5-Iodo-2'-O-methyluridine is a novel antiviral drug that inhibits replication of DNA and RNA viruses. It is chemically synthesized from 2' deoxyuridine monophosphate, which is modified to create the 5-iodo derivative. The modification at the 5th position of the uracil ring prevents the incorporation of methylation into DNA and RNA, which can lead to cancerous growths. This compound has been shown to be an excellent activator for DNA synthesis in vitro. It has also been shown to have anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo.</p>

9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (9dFdA) is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which is involved in the synthesis of adenosine. 9dFdA inhibits the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and has shown good activity against other pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity against adenosine deaminase, which prevents an immune response by preventing cells from producing the amino acid adenosine. This compound also inhibits uridine phosphorylase, which is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis.

3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine's lack of a 3'-hydroxyl group makes it a chain terminator for DNA polymerase, a key application in Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the 3'-amino group serves as a functional handle for modifying the 3' end of oligonucleotides with various labels or conjugates, expanding their utility in research and diagnostics.

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It is a structural analog of adenosine-5'-diphosphate and can be used as an experimental tool to study metabolic disorders. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt binds to p2y receptors and blocks their activation, which inhibits cellular energy metabolism. This compound is structurally similar to adenosine-5'-triphosphate, but has been shown to inhibit the expansion of cells when heated, unlike adenosine-5'-triphosphate. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt also inhibits cell proliferation in cancer cells and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for bowel disease.

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is a chemical compound that is an analog of cytidine. It has been shown to have the ability to stabilize RNA molecules at high temperatures and has been used in the study of epigenetics and thermophilic organisms. N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is also known as AEMC. This compound can be used for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their size and shape. Furiosus is a strain of bacteria that contains this chemical compound in its genome. Furiosus was found to contain this compound in its DNA by using posttranscriptional modification techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).</p>