APIs per la ricerca e le impurità

Streptonigrin is an anticancer drug that is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces flocculus. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting various kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinases and protein kinases. Streptonigrin has been found to be effective against a variety of tumors, including those of Chinese hamster ovary cells and human urine-derived cancer cells. This inhibitor analog also has a potent inhibitory effect on tumor growth in vivo.

5-Desbromo, 5-chloro brimonidine is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard. It has been shown to be metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes.

Monobenzyl fosaprepitant is a drug product that is used for research and development purposes. It is an impurity standard for the analysis of API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) impurities, which are synthetic products. Monobenzyl fosaprepitant has been shown to be metabolized in vitro. The metabolism studies have shown that this compound can be hydrolyzed by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduced by glutathione reductase, or conjugated with glucuronic acid. Monobenzyl fosaprepitant is a high-purity analytical standard and is used as a pharmacopoeia monograph material.

Ajoene is a natural compound that has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, as well as an ability to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Ajoene is also a potent inhibitor of dextran sulfate proteoglycan synthesis in vitro and has been shown to produce a hypoglycemic effect in vivo. Ajoene has been shown to be active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi and may have potential applications for the treatment of infectious diseases. Further research is needed to determine whether ajoene may be used as an antioxidant or neuroprotective agent.

Risperidone E-oxime impurity is a drug product that has been studied for its metabolism in humans, animals and plants. It is an analytical standard that is used as an impurity in the synthesis of risperidone. Risperidone E-oxime impurity is also a synthetic compound with CAS No. 691007-09-7. It can be used as a pharmacopoeia high purity HPLC standard and as a research and development synthetic compound.

Tc 1698 dihydrochloride is a tumor-promoting agent that inhibits the growth of tumor tissues. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro, which may be due to its ability to induce flavanones. Tc 1698 dihydrochloride can also act as an inducer for the production and release of cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. This agent has been shown to promote angiogenesis and stimulate collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts.

Bupropion is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. The (R)-isomer is the more active form and is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and nicotine addiction. Bupropion has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase type A in humans and other mammals. This inhibition may be responsible for its antidepressant effects. The drug also has an effect on the liver, which can lead to serious side effects such as seizures or death if not monitored carefully. Bupropion has a high affinity for α1-acid glycoprotein, which plays a role in drug interactions with other drugs that are metabolized by this protein.

Amlodipine besilate impurity D is a diluent, additive, and stabilizer. It is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and other products to prevent particle agglomeration, maintain stability and provide uniformity. Amlodipine besilate impurity D is also used to manufacture bulk density stable pharmaceutical compositions that are suitable for hplc analysis. This product contains magnesium hydroxide as an impurity.

Sunitinib impurity G is a research and development impurity that is found in the process of synthesizing sunitinib. Sunitinib impurity G is an analytical standard that is soluble in methanol and is suitable for HPLC analysis. It has been shown to have high purity, excellent stability, and a low level of toxicity.

Cyamemazine sulfoxide is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. It has been shown to have strong affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C and dopamine D2 receptors, as well as the atrial 5-HT2A receptors. Cyamemazine sulfoxide has a low oral bioavailability of about 10% and is metabolized in the liver to cyamemazine and its active form, cyamemazine sulfoxide. Cyamemazine sulfoxide binds to serotonin 5-HT2C receptors with a high affinity, which leads to inhibition of serotonin release from nerve endings in the brain. This drug also inhibits dopamine release from nerve endings in the brain and has been shown to have cardiac effects on heart rate and contractility.

Quinidine is a drug that has been used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and as an antiarrhythmic. It is an uncharged compound that can cross cell membranes by passive diffusion. Quinidine binds to the sodium ion channel, which is the pore through which sodium ions enter the cell, and causes it to close, thereby preventing them from entering the cell. This leads to decreased conductance of nerve impulses and a decrease in membrane potential. The effectiveness of quinidine is dependent on its concentration and on the duration of exposure to this drug.

Methyl 2-hydrazinecarboxylate, also known as methylene diazohydroxide, is a synthetic compound. It has been used in research and development as an analytical standard and impurity standard for HPLC methods.

Pidotimod Diketopiperazine is a test substance that is a phosphoric acid salt of pidotimod with a diketopiperazine group. Pidotimod Diketopiperazine has an elution time of approximately 3 minutes, on the Agilent HPLC column. It is soluble in water and has a pH of around 1.5-2.5. Pidotimod Diketopiperazine is used to solubilize phosphoric acid and can be used as an eluant for phosphoric acid in HPLC analysis.

(-)-Bornyl ferulate is a natural compound, specifically a type of ferulic acid ester, which is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants. Its source is primarily the essential oils and resins of various coniferous species, where it contributes to the plant's defense mechanisms. The mode of action of (-)-Bornyl ferulate involves its ability to scavenge free radicals, thus exhibiting antioxidant activity. It also modulates inflammatory pathways, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory effects.

Deschloro-zopiclone is a drug product that is custom synthesized for research and development purposes. It is a synthetic drug that has been shown to have pharmacological properties in the treatment of insomnia. Deschloro-zopiclone is metabolized by hydrolysis, oxidation and conjugation, with the major metabolites being 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid. The metabolite 2,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid has been shown to be responsible for the hypnotic effects of deschloro-zopiclone.

Desisobutyl-N-butyl bortezomib is a drug product that has been custom synthesized for the purpose of research and development. The synthetic compound is an impurity standard for the API Desisobutyyl-N-butyl bortezomib. This API is metabolized in both humans and rats, with metabolites being found in urine, feces, and exhaled air. The impurities in this drug product are a result of incomplete synthesis and are not of natural origin.

Spirolaxine is a coumarin derivative that has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. It was isolated from an extract of the fungus Spirolaxine, which was found in the gastroduodenum (gut) of a frog. The structure of spirolaxine is similar to that of retinoic acid, and it has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Spirolaxine also inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines in mice with colitis. This drug has not yet been tested for its ability to treat other diseases, such as diabetes, but may be able to regulate blood sugar levels by inhibiting insulin secretion and increasing glucose uptake by cells.

Alloc bromoridane is a drug product that contains the active ingredient bromoridane. Bromoridane is a natural metabolite of the plant alkaloid berberine and has been shown to inhibit the activity of bacterial type IIA topoisomerases from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The chemical name for Alloc bromoridane is 2-[2-(4-bromobenzoyl)phenyl]dihydropyrimidine, and it has CAS number 117348-70-6. Bromoridane is an impurity standard in pharmacopoeias such as USP XXII, European Pharmacopoeia 6th Edition, Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2006, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005. Alloc bromoridane is used in research and development for pharmaceuticals or as an analytical reference material.