Antibióticos Naturais e Semissintéticos

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications The L-diastereomer of the β-lactam antibiotic Cephalexin (C256800). It is transported by PEPT1 (the oligopeptide transporter responsible for absorption of peptide nutrients in the small intestine) with high affinity, but is not metabolized by PEPT1 itself.<br>References Mitsuoka, K. et al.: Biol. Pharmac. Bull., 32, 1459 (2009); Snyder, N.J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1649 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications OP-1118 is a major metabolite of Fidaxomicin (F335400).<br>References Babakhani, F., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 60, 1213 (2011); Allen, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, 664 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid is a prototype of the oxazolidinone antimicrobials; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996), Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996), Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998), Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloramphenicol-d5, is the labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol (C325030), which has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also antibacterial, and antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Doxycycline Related Compound A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 6-Epi Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial and certain parasitic infections. Doxycycline Related Compound A<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jutglar, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 159, 60 (2018); Metsemakers, W., et al.: J. Control. Release, 209, 47 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pseudomonic Acid C, is the analogue of Pseudomonic Acid D (P839520) which is an antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens.<br>References Banks, R.M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 609 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP-Impurity A<br>Applications P-[(1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxypropyl]-phosphonic Acid is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Cefdinir Related Compound A Sodium Salt<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (2(R)-2-[(Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamido]-2-[(2RS,5RS)-5-methyl-7-oxo-2,4,5,7-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl]acetic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Cefdinir (C242670), a Cephalosporin antibiotic structurally similar to Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Lovastatin (Simvastatin EP Impurity E) is an antihypercholesterolemic agent. A fungal metabolite, which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Bilheimer, D.W., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 4124 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lufenuron is a benzoylurea pesticide which inhibits the production of chitin in larval fleas.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dryden, M.W.,et al.: Int. J. App. Res. Veterrin. Med., 10, 198 (2012); Malhat, F., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 1037 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cefixime (C242800). Orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Rifabutin (R505000). Semisynthetic derivative of Rifamycin S that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. An antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References O’Brien, R.J., et al.: Infect. Dis., 9, 519 (1987), Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lumefantrine-d9, is the labeled analogue of Lumefantrine (L474000), which Inhibits hemozoin formation, used as Antimalarial.<br>References Kumar, N., et al.: Parasitol Res., 76, 214 (1990), Pradines, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 418 (1999), Chotivanich, K., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 182, 629 (2000), Mutabingwa, T., et al.: Lancet, 365, 1474 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tulathromycin B is an antibiotic pharmaceutical and also a part of various veterinary compounds. This compound is used for treatment of bacterial and protozoal infections.<br>References Benchaoui, H.A., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 27, 203 (2004), Nowakowski, M.A., et al.: Vet. Ther., 5, 60 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity D<br>Applications N-Desmethyl Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity D) is a metabolite of Clarithromycin (C559750).<br>References Jenuwein, T., et al.: Science, 293, 1074 (2001), Somech, R., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rev., 30, 461 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Serine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride (cas# 5874-57-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rifaximin EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine (Rifaximin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Rifaximin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic substance isolated from the elaboration products of the actinomycete, Streptomyces rimosus, grown on a suitable medium. Antibacterial.<br>References Finlay, et al.: Science, 111, 85 (1950), Weiss, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 (1957), Kruse, H., et al.: Microb. Drug. Resist., 5, 135, (1999), van den Bogaard, A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 663 (2000), Nwosu, V., et al.: Res. Microbiol., 152, 421 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of labelled FK-506 (Tacrolimus)<br>References Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996), Knoll, G.A., et al.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cefbuperazone is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Izumi, K., et al.: J. Chemother., 7 Suppl 4, 173 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Dibutylamino)-1-(2,7-dichloror-9H-fluoren-4-yl)ethanol is an impurity formed during the synthesis of Lumefantrine (L474000), a fluorene (F462000) derivative belonging to the aryl amino alcohol class of anti-malarial drugs.<br>References Verbeken, M., et al.: Malaria. J., 10, 51 (2011); Kim, K.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 22, 366 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.<br>References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin is an antibiotic.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Azithromycin Related Impurity H /Azithromycin EP Impurity H<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3'-N-[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl]-3'-N-demethyl Azithromycin is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000).<br>References Debremaeker, D. et al.: Rap. Comm. Mass. Spec., 17, 342 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications [6R-[6α,7β(R*)]]-7-[(Aminophenylacetyl)amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Cefaclor (C235250), an second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for antibacterial purposes.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-threo-(-)-2-Amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol is an impurity of Chloramphenicol (C325030), a broad spectrum antibiotic agent obtained from cultures of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mehta, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 155, 361 (2011); Samsonova, J.V., et al.: Anal. Lett., 43, 133 (2010); Cravedi, J. P., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxciol., 8, 642 (1995); Wal, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother., 24, 89 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefodizime is a third generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Cefodizime maybe useful in the treatment of otitis media, sinusitis and gynaecological infections, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of surgical infections.<br>References Barradel, L.B. et al.: Drugs, 44, 800 (1992); Kasai, K. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 37, 1306 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Tylosin (T947650). Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Second-generation labelled cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fumagillol is an analog of Fumagillin (F862650), a compound isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumagillin is an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of microsporidiosis. Fumagillin shows promise as both an an anti-infective and antiangiogenic agent.<br>References Molina, J.M. et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 346, 1963 (2002); Hou, L. et al.: Pathol. Int., 59, 448 (2009); Ingber, D. et al.: Nature, 348, 555 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cefixime EP Impurity B Acetic Acid Salt is an impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Bian, L. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 30, 872 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-Oxide is related to Rifapentine(R508500) a compound with antibacterial properties.<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.<br>References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid N-Oxide-D3 is a labelled analogue of Linezolid N-oxide (L466530). Linezolid N-oxide is a derivative of Linezolid (L466500), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial that is used to treat infections against gram-positive bacteria, especially those that are drug-resistant (such as Vancomycin [HCl: V096500] resistant enterococci). Linezolid works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.<br>References Dennis, L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002); Clemett, D. &amp; Markham, A.: Drugs, 59, 815 (2000); Gonzales, R., et al.: Lancet, 357, 1179 (2001); Tsiodras, S., et al.: Lancet, 358, 207 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications An orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985), Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Griseofulvin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Griseofulvin (G787500), an antifungal drug. It is used both in animal and in humans, to treat rigworm infections of the skin and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Oxford, et al.: Biochem. J., 33, 240 (1939); Townley, E.R., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 219 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications An metabolite of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Creasey, W.A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 19, 233 (1985); Swabb, E.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemotherap., 24, 394 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity C<br>Applications Clarithromycin 9-Oxime (Clarithromycin EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Stephanic, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 719 (2011); Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4a-Hydroxy Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Clarithromycin 9-Oxime is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Stephanic, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 719 (2011); Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ivermectin B1a-D2 is a deuterium labelled analogue of Ivermectin B1a (I940815), which is a major component of Ivermectin (I940800), a semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Antihelmintic (Onchocerca). An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);; Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity E<br>Applications Ceftazidime t-Butyl Ester (Ceftazidime EP Impurity E) Ceftazidime t-Butyl ester is an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100). Ceftazidime impurity C.<br>References Miyake, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 486, 182 (1989), Seibert, G., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 1084 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl-6-O-methylerythromycin (9E)-Oxime is a derivative of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Anthelmintic (Onchocerca).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Furaltadone is a metabolite of Nitrofuran in milk and an intermediate in the synthesis of AMOZ (A634600), a metabolite of Furaltadone Hydrochloride.<br>References Tribalat, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 2168 (2006); Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007); Lim, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 2252 (1999), Martin, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 1612 (2005), Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007), McCracken, R., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 24, 26 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity G ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound G<br>Applications p-Hydroxy-(D)-phenylglycyl Amoxicillin is a derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235) a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity N<br>Applications (10E)-10,11-Didehydro-11-deoxy-6-O-methylerythromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity N) is a Erythromycin (E649950) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications Single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Antibacterial.<br>References Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970), Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972), Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Griseofulvin (G787500).<br>References Oda, T., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 34, 858 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 4-Ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarbonyl Chloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of amino(thienyl)benzamide derivatives which are used as histone deacetylase inhibitors and have antitumor activity. 4-Ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinecarbonyl Chloride is also a reagent in the synthesis of Cefbuperazone (C242540); a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hirata, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, 1926 (2012); Liu, M., et al.: Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi, 41, 649 (2010); Izumi, K., et al.: J. Chemother., 7 Suppl 4, 173 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Amino-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl Phosphate Barium Salt (Fosfomycin EP Impurity C (Barium Salt)) is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996), Lykkeberg, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 325 (2004), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]butanoic Acid is an impurity of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Murugan, R., Narayanan, S.S.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 8, 36 (2009); Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982); Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L<br>Applications 7-Epiclindamycin 2-Phosphate (Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000), a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. Antibacterial.<br>References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970); Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970); Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972); Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Azithromycin Dihydrate is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antimicrobial.<br>References Robinson, B., et al.: Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol., 48, 122 (1992), Lesnefsky, E., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 47961 (2004), Marroquin, L., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 97, 539 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A mixture of semi-synthetic Avermectins; containing 90% or more of component B1a and 10% or less of component B1b. Antiparasitic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Jones, T.K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 1786 (1994), Arena, J.P., et al.: J. Parasitol., 81, 286 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Polyether antibiotic. Coccidiostat.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Day, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 410 (1973), Buchko, S., et al.: J. Food Prot., 63, 1467 (2000), De Leener, E., et al.: Microb. Drug Resist., 10, 341 (2004), Sanderson, M., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 110, 125 ( 2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity H ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound H<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (R)-α-[(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)amino]-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity H), is an Amoxicillin (A634235) related compound.<br>References Valvo, L., et al.: J. Chromatography A, 797, 311 (1998); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Ivermectin B1 Aglycon is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications Novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinetoram J is a component of Spinetoram (S683650), a compound that belongs to the spinosyn family of insecticides and shows potential of natural products research. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kirst H. A.: J. Antibiot., 63, 101-111 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Terbinafine (T107500).<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Gatifloxacin.<br>References Naber, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 293 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233(2003), Pragst, F., et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 42, 1325 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications The more active Zearalenone (Z270500) metabolite.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Olsen, M., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 15 (1981), Chang, W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 887 (1984), El Golli, E., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 166, 122 (2006), Hassen, W., et al.: Toxicology, 232, 294 (2007), Benzoni, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 25, 461 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications An carbapenem antibacterial.<br>References Shigemi, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 34, 589 (2009), Miguet, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5926 (2009), Zhao, W., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 58, 1080 (2009), Sanbongi, Y., et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 53, 361 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Demeclocycline (Declostatin) is a tetracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces aureus that has antimicrobial activity and can be used to induce dysuria.</p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C<br>Applications 3-Ethyl-2,5-pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Gatifloxacin impurity.<br>References Naber, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 293 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233 (2003), Li, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 35, 1101 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.<br>References Bollag, D.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 55, 2325 (1995), Hardt, I.H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 64, 847 (2001), Gerth, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 55, 41, 45 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the semi-synthetic cephalosporins synthesis. Found in Acremonium chrysogenum.<br>References Fukagawa, M. et al.; Agr. Biol. Chem. 55, 2163 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sisomicin is an Antibacterial. Gentamicin-like aminoglycoside antibiotic; has broad spectrum antibiotic activity.<br>References Weinstein, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 23, 551 (1970), Sculier, J.P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 9, 63 (1982), Noone, P., et al.: Drugs, 27, 548 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2,5-Pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Desfuroyl Ceftiofur Dimer is an impurity of the drug Ceftiofur (C244695), a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Delactamimipenem Monosodium is an impurity found in imipenem (I465200).<br>References Ratcliffe, R.W., et. al.: J. Org. Chem., 54, 653 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Desmethyl Rifaximin is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins, containing at least 80% of avermectin B1a (C48H72O14) and not more than 20% of avermectin B1b (C47H70O14). Used as acaricide, insecticide, Cannabis pesticide detection.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, S., et al.: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 97, 373 (1982); Greenblatt, J.A., et al.: J. Agric. Entomol., 3, 233 (1986); Drexler, G., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 99, 269 (1984);<br></p>