Antibióticos Naturais e Semissintéticos

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Desfuroyl Ceftiofur Dimer is an impurity of the drug Ceftiofur (C244695), a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.<br>References Donaldson, S.C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3940 (2006); Yancey, R.J. et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications Rifampicin N-Oxide is related to Rifapentine(R508500) a compound with antibacterial properties.<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Desfuroyl Ceftiofur-related metabolite that have the potential to be microbiologic active in swine muscle, kidney, liver and fat.<br>References Gilbertson, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 229 (1995), Olson, S., et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 21, 112 (1998), Hornish, R., et al.: Curr. Top Med. Chem., 2, 717 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled ester analog of Rapamycin.<br>References Raymond, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 22, 2336 (2004), Galanis, E., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 5294 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity A<br>Applications 9-Deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homo Erythromycin A (Azithromycin EP Impurity A) is a novel intermediate of Azithromycin that acts as antibiotic.<br>References Krajacic, M.B., et al.: J. Antibiot., 58, 380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-HABA Kanamycin A is an impurity of Amikacin (A578500).<br>References Gunawardana, G., et al.: J. Antibiot., 50, 887 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of detoxification inhibitors of the crucifer phytoalexin Brassinin, as potential fungicides against Leptosphaeria maculans.<br>References Gaspari, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 684 (2006), Pedras, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 714 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications An orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985), Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lovastatin EP Impurity C<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Dehydro Lovastatin (Lovastatin EP Impurity C) is a Lovastatin impurity.<br>References Duggan, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 17, 166 (1989), Wang-Iverson, D., et al.: Drugs, 23, 127 (1994), Wu, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 20, 471 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins, containing at least 80% of avermectin B1a (C48H72O14) and not more than 20% of avermectin B1b (C47H70O14). Used as acaricide, insecticide, Cannabis pesticide detection.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, S., et al.: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 97, 373 (1982); Greenblatt, J.A., et al.: J. Agric. Entomol., 3, 233 (1986); Drexler, G., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 99, 269 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications A fungal metabolite which is a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Endo, A., et al.: FEBS Letters, 72, 323 (1976), Endo, A.: J. Med. Chem., 28, 401 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Chloro-6-defluoro Ciprofloxacin is an impurity of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), which is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Cefixime Impurity is an impurity of Cefixime (C242800); an orally active third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984); Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985); Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Griseofulvin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Griseofulvin (G787500), an antifungal drug. It is used both in animal and in humans, to treat rigworm infections of the skin and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Oxford, et al.: Biochem. J., 33, 240 (1939); Townley, E.R., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 219 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triamilide antibiotic for treatment of bovine and porcine respiratory disease. Exists as an equilibrium mixture of two isomeric forms, Tulathromycin A (90%) and B (10%). Antibacterial.<br>References Benchaoui, H.A., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 27, 203 (2004), Nowakowski, M.A., et al.: Vet. Ther., 5, 60 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxifloxacin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Moxifloxacin (M745000) impurity B.<br>References Langlois, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 37, 389 (2005), Salem, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 54, 1625 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Moxidectin-d3 is a the labelled form of Moxidectin (M744800). Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications An metabolite of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Creasey, W.A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 19, 233 (1985); Swabb, E.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemotherap., 24, 394 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Rifampamycin (R508000).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q<br>Applications Clarithromycin N-oxide (Clarithromycin EP Impurity Q) is an urinary metabolite of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Jones, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 15, 631 (1972), Watanabe, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 46, 647 (1983), Ohmori, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 358 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bacitracin F is a major Bacitracin (B106500) analog, a peptide antibiotic used as an inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).<br>References Freedman, R., et al.: Cell, 57, 1069 (1989); Noiva, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 3553 (1992); Ikai, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 48, 233 (1995); Lovat, P., et al.: Cancer Res., 68, 5363 (2008); Byrne, L., et al.: Biochem. J., 423, 209 (2009); Dickerhof, N., et al.: FEBS J., 278, 2034 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde is a benzaldehyde with a nitro group in the para position. It is used as a reagent in decarboxylative aldol reactions that are catalyzed by lipases and proteases in organic co-solvent mixtures.<br>References Chaurasia, P.K., et al.: Synthetic Commun., 44, 2535 (2014); Ishikawa, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 7011 (2013); Jiang, L., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 36, 99 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Dajan, A., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 35, 213 (1993), Becker, M., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 520, 19 (2004), El-Shaboury, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 45, 1 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications CP 1282 is the tautomer of the antibiotic Cefotetan (C242970) with similar degradation rates.<br>References Koshiro, A. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 1864 (1989); Naber, K. et al.: Zeitsch. Antmickrob. Antineoplast. Chemother., 2, 161 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Orally active labelled triazole antifungal.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000), Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004), Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Semi-synthetic rifamycin. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Arioli, V., et al.: J. Antibiot., 34, 1026 (1981), Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 457 (1983), Assandri, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1066 (1984), Jarvis, B., et al.: Drugs, 56, 607 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3”-O-Demethyl Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications 4'-O-2,6-Dideoxy-3-O-methyl-α-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl Selamectin is an impurity of Selamectin (S247990) which is a topical parasiticide. Selamectin (S247990) is also used as a veterinary antihelminithic agent on animals.<br>References Eshar, D., et al.: J. Am. Veterin. Med. Association., 241, 1056 (2012); Geis-Asteggiante, L., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 1258, 43 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rifabutin N-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifabutin (R505000) and like its parent compound it exhibits antibacterial activity.<br>References Medeiros, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 44, (2004); Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefadroxil EP Impurity B<br>Applications 7-Aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic Acid (Cefadroxil EP Impurity B) is a metabolite of Cephalexin (C256800).<br>References Dantzig, A., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1027, 211 (1990), Shen, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 4786 (2003), Watanabe, C., et al.: Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 20, 443 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefdinir Sulfoxide is the oxide derivative of Cefdinir (C242670); a Cephalosporin antibiotic structurally similar to Cefixime.<br>References Inamoto, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 828 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3(2H)-Isoxazolone is a 3-hydroxyisoxazole with fungicidal activity. 3(2H)-Isoxazolone is an impurity of Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Takahi, Y.: San. Kenk. Nen., 25, 8 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluoroquinolone used in the synthesis of Gatifloxacin (G250000).<br>References Sunderland, J., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 47, 271 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233 (2003), Li, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 35, 1101 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Formyl Erythromycin A is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic medication.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefquinome (cas# 84957-30-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (Z)-Desbutyl Lumefantrine is a metabolite of Lumefantrine (L474000).<br>References Lefevre, G., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 54, 485 (2002); Schepers, U., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 310 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinosad is a broad spectrum insecticide and used as a reference standard. This compound is a mixture of Spinosyn A (S681953) and Spinosyn D (S681955). Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Williams, et al.: Biocontrol Sci Technol. 13, 459 (2003); Salgado, V. L., et al.: Pest Biochem Physiol 60, 103 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cycloserine. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Lamb., J.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 53 (1972), Gentry-Weeks, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 7298 (1993), Alexander, F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 953 (1994), Auger, S., et al.: Biochimie, 87, 231 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits hemozoin formation. Antimalarial.<br>References Kumar, N., et al.: Parasitol Res., 76, 214 (1990), Pradines, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 418 (1999), Chotivanich, K., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 182, 629 (2000), Mutabingwa, T., et al.: Lancet, 365, 1474 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Mackie, R., et al.: Animal Biotechnol., 17, 157 (2006), Smyrniotakis, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 43, 506 (2007), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Mercapto-4-methyl-5-thiazoleacetic Acid is used as a reagent for determination of hydroxylamine using fused gold nanoparticles immobilized on sol-gel film modified gold electrode.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kannan, P., John, A.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 663, 158 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl-6-O-methylerythromycin (9E)-Oxime is a derivative of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Homoharringtonine (HHT) combined with some botanical drugs could induce cancer cells to resemble normal cells. HHT was prepared by a semi-synthetic method from Cephalotaxine, a major alkaloid of Cepahlotaxus species through the formation of α-ketoester harringtonine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Baaske, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 12, 298 (1977), Tipping, A., et al.: Leukemia, 16, 2349 (2002), Marin, D., et al.: Cancer, 103, 1850 (2005), Levy, V., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 95, 253 (2006), de Lavallade, H., et al.: Blood, 2779 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibacterial. Orally absorbed cephalosporin; ester prodrug of the active free acid metabolite, cefcapene.<br>References Neu, H.C., et al.: Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 36, 1336 (1992), Ishikura, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 47, 466 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefminox is a semisynthetic broad spectrum cephamycin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Inouye, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 722 (1984), Watanabe, T., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 10, 293 (1984), Tsuruoka, T., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 151, 209 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity L ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound L<br>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Desacetyl Rifaximin is an impurity of Rifaximin (R509500), a non-absorbable semisynthetic Rifamycin antibiotic.<br>References Brufani, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1611 (1984); Gillis, J.C., et al.: Drugs, 49, 467 (1995); Huang, D.B., et al.: J. Infection, 50, 97 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Roxithromycin (R700850).<br>References Lindstrom, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 265 (1993), Shimada, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 270, 414 (1994), Yamazaki, H., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 21, 215 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cefpodoxime Proxetil (C243860). An antibacterial.<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Furaltadone is a metabolite of Nitrofuran in milk and an intermediate in the synthesis of AMOZ (A634600), a metabolite of Furaltadone Hydrochloride.<br>References Tribalat, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 2168 (2006); Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007); Lim, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 2252 (1999), Martin, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 1612 (2005), Chu, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2129 (2007), McCracken, R., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 24, 26 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ciprofloxacin USP Related Compound A / EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 7-Chloro-1-cyclopropyl-4-oxo-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride is an impurity in the synthesis of Ciprofloxacin (C482500), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity M<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin.<br>References Tiefenbacher, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 463 (1994), Parshikov, I., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 56, 474 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Monohydrate is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity G ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound G<br>Applications p-Hydroxy-(D)-phenylglycyl Amoxicillin is a derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235) a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Vancomycin Impurity<br>Applications An impurity in Vancomycin.A representative lot was 75% by HPLC with less than 0.1% vancomycin.<br>References Marshall, F.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 8, 18 (1965), Sheldrick, G.M., et al.: Nature, 271, 223 (1987), Dutca-Melan, S., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 24 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fosfomycin EP Impurity B<br>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications [2-[2-Amino-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]-1-hydroxypropyl]phosphonic Acid (Fosfomycin EP Impurity B) is a Fosfomycin (F727500) impurity. Fosfomycin is an antibiotic that exerts a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References McGrath, J.W., et al.: Org. Biomolec. Chem., 7, 9 (1944); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Chloro-D-alanine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride is an intermediate in the preparation of antibiotic D-Cycloserine (C988815) which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis in bacteria.<br>References Lamb., J.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 53 (1972); Gentry-Weeks, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 7298 (1993); Alexander, F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 219, 953 (1994); Auger, S., et al.: Biochimie, 87, 231 (2005); Chem and Eng. News p. 12, Dec. 7/14 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefaclor EP Impurity F/ Ampicillin EP Impurity H<br>Applications 2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazine (Cefaclor EP Impurity F) is a degradation product of Cefaclor (C235250), a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Baertschi, S.W., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 82, 622 (1993); Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978), Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980), Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Brodie, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 17, 876 (1980), Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 29, 105 (1985), Abounassif, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 95 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications The L-diastereomer of the β-lactam antibiotic Cephalexin (C256800). It is transported by PEPT1 (the oligopeptide transporter responsible for absorption of peptide nutrients in the small intestine) with high affinity, but is not metabolized by PEPT1 itself.<br>References Mitsuoka, K. et al.: Biol. Pharmac. Bull., 32, 1459 (2009); Snyder, N.J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1649 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications Azithromycin is an azalide macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Hunter, R., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 117 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as an antibacterial agent. LD50 &gt;5000 mg/kg for oral administration to rats.<br>References Goldenthal, E.I.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Applications OP-1118 is a major metabolite of Fidaxomicin (F335400).<br>References Babakhani, F., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 60, 1213 (2011); Allen, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, 664 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity C ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Amoxicillin Diketopiperazine (Amoxicillin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of Amoxicillin (AMO)(A634235).<br>References Dewdney, J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxic, 29, 477 (1991), Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994), Hernandez, E., et al.: Vet. J., 170, 237 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxifloaxacin EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 8-Fluoro-6-methoxy Moxifloxacin Dihydrochloride (Moxifloaxacin EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Moxifloxacin (M745000).<br>References Martel, A., et al.: Drugs Fut., 22, 109 (1997), Tobin, C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 278 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cycloserine dimer as potential impurity of drug Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Perez-Sala, D., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38,1037 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications Anidulafungin, is a semisynthetic echinocandin that inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme important in the formation of (1→3)-β-D-glucan, a major fungal cell wall component, and thus is used as antifungal drug.<br>References Denning, D. W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 40, 611 (1997); Vazquez, J. A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27(6), 657 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmycosin is a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic and a metabolite of Tylosin (T947650). Desmycosin is also a precursor to Tilmicosin (T440500).<br>References Wal, J.M. et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 687 (1973); Hu, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 26, 884 (2007); Min, Y. et al.: Proc. Biochem., 42, 729 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications ∆2-Ceftazidime, 90% (Ceftazidime EP Impurity A) is a Ceftazidime isomer, an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100).<br>References Vilanova, B., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2789 (1993), Zhou, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 534 (1995), Baertschi, S., et al.: Chemother. 8, 353 (1997), Porra, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 18, 241 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid is a prototype of the oxazolidinone antimicrobials; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation.<br>References Brickner, S.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 673 (1996), Ford, C.W., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40, 1508 (1996), Rybak, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 18, 456 (1998), Stevens, D.L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloramphenicol-d5, is the labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol (C325030), which has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is also antibacterial, and antirickettsial.<br>References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Demethyl-N-(ethylsuccinyl) Erythromycin is an impurity of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic that has a wider spectrum than penicillin (P223500).<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>