Nucleosídeos e Nucleotídeos

<p>Remdesivir impurity 13 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is a drug product that is custom synthesized by us. This compound has been shown to be natural and can be found in the human body. Remdesivir impurity 13 has been studied extensively for its metabolic pathway and as a potential impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>3,9-Dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1H-Purine-2,6-dione is an impurity found in the synthesis of a drug product. It is also used as an analytical standard for HPLC methods and as a pharmacopoeia standard. 3,9-Dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-1H-Purine-2,6-dione has been shown to be produced by the metabolism of other drugs such as caffeine. This impurity is not expected to have any therapeutic effects when administered to humans.</p>

<p>Isoribavirin is a ribonucleoside monophosphate analog that inhibits viral RNA polymerase. Isoribavirin has been shown to be active against influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in cell culture. Isoribavirin is stable in an acetonitrile solution in the presence of phosphoric acid at pH 3-4 or in the presence of sulfate ions at pH 9-10. It can be purified by chromatography on a silica gel column using an acetonitrile/water mobile phase gradient. The impurities of isoribavirin are not detectable by liquid chromatography and have no significant effect on its sensitivity. Isoribavirin elutes from the silica gel column with the impurities.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside is a research and development impurity standard for the synthesis of drug products. This chemical is used as a metabolite in the study of metabolic pathways and can be converted to Methyl 3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D-ribofuranoside by hydrolysis with dilute acid. Methyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-a-D ribofuranoside has been shown to be a synthetic molecule and is listed in pharmacopoeia. CAS No. 7818564 5.</p>

<p>4-Dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is an impurity standard for the drug product Entecavir. It is a synthetic drug that inhibits the production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking its activity. The metabolite of 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir, entecavir, is also used as a treatment for HIV. Synthetic 4-dehydroxy-4-dimethylhydroxysilyl entecavir is used in clinical trials as a drug product and metabolite of entecavir to measure the concentration of the active ingredient in plasma and other body fluids. 4DDSILENT has been shown to have antiviral properties against HIV due to its ability to inhibit transcriptional activation by binding to reverse transcriptase, which prevents RNA from being synthesized into DNA.</p>

<p>4-Amino-7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine is an impurity standard of the drug product. It is a high purity synthetic compound with a niche in pharmacopoeia and drug development. 4-Amino-7-iodopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine has been shown to be a metabolite of the natural product.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 4 is a research and development impurity standard for the drug Dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin Impurity 4 is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 646.5 and an empirical formula of C20H22N2O2. It is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile. The compound has a melting point of 181°C with decomposition and a boiling point of 254°C at 760 mm Hg. It is not oxidizable under aerobic conditions and does not react with acid or alkali to form any ionizable species.</p>

<p>Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses by selectively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. The drug is active against a broad range of herpes viruses, including both types of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus. Acyclovir has also been shown to be effective against aciclovir-resistant mutants. This drug can be used as a prophylaxis or in combination with other antiviral agents for the treatment of active infections. Acyclovir can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea when taken orally. It should not be taken with certain medicines such as aminoglycosides or high doses of aspirin because this may increase the risk for kidney problems.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 12 is a drug product that is used in research and development. It is a synthetic impurity standard for HPLC analytical methods. Remdesivir impurity 12 is an impurity of the drug, remdesivir, which has antiviral activity against HIV-1. Metabolism studies have been conducted to investigate how this impurity affects the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir. The use of synthetic material ensures high purity and quality for this product.</p>

<p>Adefovir Dipivoxyl Impurity I is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 232–234 °C. It is soluble in water, and insoluble in organic solvents. Adefovir Dipivoxyl Impurity I is used as an impurity standard for Adefovir Dipivoxyl and has been shown to be metabolized by CYP3A4 and UGT1A9. This impurity also has the potential to inhibit DNA synthesis in cells.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-9-[2-(acetyloxy)ethoxy]methyl-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one (ademetionine) is a prodrug that is metabolized in the liver to form ademetionine. Ademetionine is a potent inhibitor of guanosine deaminase, which is an enzyme that breaks down guanosine into guanine and ammonia. Ademetionine has shown efficacy in cancer treatment and may also be used to treat tuberculosis. The metabolism of this drug takes place in the liver, where it undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form the active metabolite ademetionine. Metabolism of this drug can be inhibited by drugs such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS), which are used for the treatment of malaria. TFMS inhibits the formation of ademetionine but does not affect the formation</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone is a synthetic building block which can undergo reaction with nucleophilic carbon species to afford C-ribosides (via the corresponding hemiacetal).  Treatment of 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone with stronger reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride, affords ring opened products with a stereo-defined poly-oxygenated carbon chain backbone.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-7-[[2-(acetyloxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6,7-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one is a drug development impurity that is manufactured by the pharmaceutical company. This impurity has been shown to be a metabolite of the drug.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-triphosphate sodium, 10 mM aqueous solution is an analytical standard that is used in metabolism studies and as an impurity in some pharmaceuticals. This chemical is also used to develop drugs, such as antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-triphosphate sodium, 10 mM aqueous solution has a CAS number of 1440537-37-0 and the molecular weight of 463.88 g/mol. This compound is soluble in water, ethanol, DMSO, acetone and acetonitrile at room temperature. The purity for this compound is &gt; 99%.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribopyranoside is a synthetic impurity standard for the drug product. It has been used in studies on metabolism and as an analytical reference material. Methyl 2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-toluoyl-D-ribopyranoside is also available as a custom synthesis at high purity.</p>

<p>Decitabine Impurity 12 is an analytical standard that is used in the research and development of drug products. It is a high purity, HPLC-grade impurity that complies with USP/NF requirements. Decitabine Impurity 12 has been shown to be a metabolite of decitabine, which is an anti-cancer drug used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This impurity has also been shown to have pharmacopoeia value as an impurity standard for drug products.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is a natural impurity found in the drug Dapagliflozin. It is an analytical standard used for HPLC quantification of dapagliflozin, and it can be used as a pharmacopoeia reference material or research and development material. Dapagliflozin Impurity 30 is synthesized by using a custom synthesis protocol. The CAS number for this compound is 1373321-04-0.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 2 is an analytical standard used in the development of drugs. It is a metabolite found in the drug Remdesivir. It is a natural product that can be synthesized or isolated from natural sources. Remdesivir impurity 2 is soluble in water and acetonitrile, and it has a melting point of 80-81 degrees Celsius. It has a molecular weight of 208.3 g/mol and CAS number 249712-00-1. This compound is not listed on the current edition of the USP Pharmacopoeia.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity</p>

<p>1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is also known as 1-(diaminomethylene)-3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)urea picrate, 1-amidino-3-b-D-ribofuranosylurea monopicrate and Azacitidine Related Compound C. 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-3-guanylurea picrate is an impurity generated from the hydrolysis of the drug Azacitidine, available on the market with the trade name Vidaza. Azacitidine is a chemical analogue of cytidine and is used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome.</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is used as an anti-cancer drug. It is a synthetic, natural, and research and development (R&amp;D) metabolite with the CAS No. 909402-26-2. Decitabine has shown anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo against leukemia cells. This compound is an impurity of the API decitabine that is manufactured by a chemical synthesis process. The analytical impurities are 11 compounds that have been identified from the HPLC standard of this API. The metabolites of these compounds are also included in this standard. High purity decitabine should be obtained for pharmacopoeia studies and niche applications such as HPLC standards, pharmaceuticals, or research purposes.</p>

<p>Pteroic acid is a synthetic compound that is an analog of the natural amino acid phenylalanine. It has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. Pteroic acid can be activated by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid and reacts with metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and zinc. It also binds to receptors on tubule cells in kidney tissue. This binding inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II, which catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in these cells. The inhibition of this enzyme results in a decrease in bicarbonate concentration within these cells, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Acyclovir is an antiviral agent that prevents the growth of herpes simplex virus. Acyclovir is a prodrug, which is converted to acycloguanosine 5'-triphosphate (ACV-TP) in vivo. ACV-TP inhibits viral DNA polymerase and thereby prevents viral genome replication, replication. The molecular structure of Acyclovir was determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.2 Å resolution. It has been shown that ACV-TP can be activated by chloride ions and it has been suggested that this activation may be the result of an interaction with a ligand.<br>ACV-TP binds to guanine residues in the DNA chain and prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds between guanine and adenine or cytosine residues in the same chain, preventing DNA replication.</p>

<p>Remdesivir is an antiviral drug. It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor that has been shown to be effective against a broad range of RNA viruses, including influenza A and B, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus. Remdesivir impurity 7 (impurity) is a byproduct of the synthesis process of remdesivir. It is a white crystalline solid with a strong chemical odor. This impurity can be synthesized in high purity as well as in custom specifications to meet the needs of pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs.</p>

<p>3,5-Di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl isocyanate (CAS No. 53477) is a drug product that belongs to the class of drugs called nucleosides. 3,5-Di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-ribofuranosyl isocyanate has been shown to be metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. This product has been shown to have antiplasmodial activity and may be useful in the treatment of malaria.</p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 12 is a synthetic drug product. It is an impurity standard used for the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, remdesivir. The substance is a custom synthesis and can be synthesized to meet customer specifications. Remdesivir related compound 12 has been studied in animal models for metabolism studies and human pharmacokinetic studies. This substance is also used for research and development, as well as niche drug development.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 6 is an impurity standard for a research and development drug product. It is a synthetic compound that has been custom synthesized for use in pharmacopoeia drug products. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to have no toxic effects on metabolism studies. Remdesivir impurity 6 is a metabolite of remdesivir, which is used as an antiviral agent for the treatment of HIV infection.</p>

<p>Decitabine is a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of cancer. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells in vitro and to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Decitabine is metabolized to an active form, dideoxycitidine (DDC), which binds to DNA and inhibits the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. Impurity 13 is a by-product of the synthesis process and can be used as an analytical standard. It can also be used as a research and development impurity standard or as a pharmacopoeia impurity standard.</p>

<p>Remdesivir Related Compound 4 is a synthetic compound that is structurally related to remdesivir. It has been shown to have anti-HIV activity in vitro. Remdesivir Related Compound 4 may be used as an impurity standard for HPLC, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other drugs.</p>

<p>This protein is a serine beta-lactamase with a substrate specificity for cephalosporins.</p>

<p>Beta-lactamase Protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Recombinant (His &amp; SUMO) is expressed in E.</p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP)<br>Applications Capecitabine (C175650) impurity. Capecitabine 3-O-BDR Impurity (USP).<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-6-chloropurine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside is a nucleoside compound with inhibitory activity on a rho-GTPase cell protein.<br>References Mounetou., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 2902 (1997), Panero, J., et al.: Biotech. Lett., 28, 1077 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of 3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione, a new pyrimidine nucleoside analog related to uridine.<br>References Chwang, T.-L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 643 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diethylamine, can be used for the preparation of alkali metal diethylamides, generated with n-BuLi or NaH, have been used for the cleavage of ethers. Also, in combination with Lithium aluminum hydride, generates lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride, which is a useful selective reducing agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cha, J.S., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 52, 5030 (1987); Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 6903 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine intermediate.<br>References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt has a free acid of Stavudine Triphosphate. Stavudine Triphosphate inhibits HIV-1 RT (reverse transcriptase). Stavudine Triphosphate Trisodium Salt is a metabolite of Stavudine.<br>References Vaccaro, J.A., Parnell K.M., Terezakis S.A., Anderson, K.S.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 44, 217 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Bucladesine mimics cAMP, permeates cells, and inhibits phosphodiesterase; used in research.</p>

<p>2,3'-Anhydrothymidine is a piperidine-containing nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of HIV and other viruses. It is structurally related to acyclovir, but has an increased resistance to viral inactivation by acyclovir-resistant strains. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine binds to the ribose sugar of the viral nucleic acid and prevents the formation of a covalent bond between the 5' hydroxyl group of ribose and the 3' phosphate group. It also inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine has been shown to be effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in animal models and clinical studies.</p>

<p>Diquafosol Free Base is a purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist.</p>

<p>Impurity Ribavirin EP Impurity C<br>Applications 1,2,4-Triazole-3-carboxylic Acid (Ribavirin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of the antiviral agent Ribavirin (R414475).<br>References Miller, J.P. et al.: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 284, 211 (1977); Catlin, D. et al.: Ribavirin: Broad Spec. Antivir. Ag., 83 (1980); Lin, C.C. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 50, 2368 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (2'R)​-2'-​Deoxy-​2'-​fluoro-​2'-​methyl-uridine 5'-​Triphosphate Tetrasodium Salt is an impurity of Sofosbuvir (P839640) which is a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity P<br>Applications 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine (Aciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400). 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine is a nucleoside phosphotransferase acceptor.<br>References Kamimura, A. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 37, 2037 (1973);<br></p>