Nucleosídeos e Nucleotídeos

<p>Applications Des-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydrogen) 3,6-Difluoro Favipiravir is a building block related to Favipiravir(F103350). Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.<br>References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity from the synthesis of Gemcitabine.<br>References Haufman, et al.: Science, 145, 585 (1964), Prusoff, et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 32, 295 (1959)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is an impurity of Zidovudine (A825000). Zidovudine is an antiviral agent used in the clinical treatment of HIV infections.<br>References Radatus, B.K., Org. Process. Res. Dev., 15, 1281 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Capecitabine.<br>References Arellano, M., ET AL.: Br. J. Cancer, 77, 79 (1998), Budman, D., ET AL.: J. Clin. Oncol., 16, 1795 (1998), Khanna, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 60, 4725 (2000), Charasson, V., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 731 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4’-epi-Entecavir is an epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel labelled HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E<br>Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate used in the preparation of Zanamivir derivatives.<br>References Andrews, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 563 (1999), Altamore, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 1126 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate (A281790), a naturally occurring nucleotide. A useful ligand determinant that facilitate the binding of APS reductase inhibitors and activates adenosine receptor agonists.<br>References Hong, J.A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5485 (2009); Korboukh I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 6467 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 4-Chlorobenzoate is a reactant used in the synthesis of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a target for novel radiosensitizing agents. As well, used as a reactant in the synthesis of aminopyridine functionalized polyacrylonitrile fibers.<br>References Min, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 59, 559 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Emtricitabine synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-bis(Chloromethoxy)ethane is a carcinogenic compound.<br>References Kar, S., Roy, K.: Chemoshpere, 87, 339 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A 2-substituted 2’-Deoxyadenosine (D231620). Used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.<br>References Ishikawa, F., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 70, 475 (1972), Hattori, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 13, 2754 (1974), Kazimierczuk, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 1683 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 2,3-Dichloropropionyl Chloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 6-chloro-5-cyclohexyl-1-indancarboxylic acid, a potent analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory agent, and its related compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sawa, Y., et al.: Yakugaku Zasshi, 96, 653 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Emtricitabine Carboxylic Acid Impurity<br>Applications Emtricitabine Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of the antiviral agent Emtricitabine (E525035).<br>References Pendela, M. et al.: Talanta, 82, 125 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethylene Glycol Monobenzoate, is a reagent that can be used as an intermediate in a variety of chemical and biochemical reactions. It is used as an intermediate in the preparation of 1,2-Ethanediol Disodium Salt (E890125), which is the result of the nucleophilic attack on its carbonyl group.<br>References Khouri, F. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 6683 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity P<br>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Bis Valacyclovir (~90%) (Valaciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity is listed in Ph. Eur. monograph for Valaciclovir HCl as impurity P and Bis-valaciclovir in USP monograph (impurity K).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ganciclovir EP Impurity C<br>Applications 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is an Impurity of Ganciclovir (G235000). 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is a sugar modified acyclic analogue of guanosine (G837900). Studies have shown 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir has potential to exhibit virucidal activity. Iso mono chloro ganciclovir<br>References Martin, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1384 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications 2-Deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-L-ribofuranosyl Chloride (cas# 141846-57-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Oxiracetam (O846905).<br>References Kondepudi, D., et al.: Science, 250 975 (1990), Di Silvestro, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 758 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications A new antiviral agent for influenza treatment; it can be used as neuraminidase inhibitor for treating human and avian influenza.<br>References Whitley, R., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 20, 127 (2001), Bright, R., et al.: Lancet., 366, 1175 (2005), Deyde, V., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 196, 249 (2007), Lee, N., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1323 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Mellors, J., et al.: Science, 72, 1167 (1996), Reimann, K., et al.: J. Virol., 79, 8878 (2005), Rose, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 7413 (2005), Acierno, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 176, 5338 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid-d4 (Major) is a folic acid derivative and coenzyme involved in the metabolism of amino and nucleic acids.<br>References Prinz-Langenohl, R., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009), Martin, H., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 402, 137 (2010), Dasarathy, J., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nut., 91, 357 (2010), Karas-Kuzelicki, N., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 43, 37 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5'-Deoxy-5'-chloroadenosine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine (D242600), a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of 5′-methylthioadenosinephosphorylase (MTAP) (EC2.4.2.28), a tumor suppressor gene expressed enzyme that supports the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and methionine salvage pathways.<br>References Olopade, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 2410 (1993), Hartmann, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 52, 1127 (2006), Penner, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 52, 534 (2010),<br></p>

<p>CAS No. 2096985-18-9 is an impurity of remdesivir, a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of HIV. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to be a metabolite in animal studies. Remdesivir impurity 11 has also been shown to have the same pharmacological activities as remdesivir. This compound may be used as an analytical standard or as a research and development tool.</p>

<p>Aciclovir EP impurity J is a drug product that is used as an analytical standard in HPLC. Aciclovir EP impurity J is the natural metabolite of aciclovir, which is an antiviral drug. It is not active against herpesviruses but has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cells infected with cytomegalovirus. Aciclovir EP impurity J has been studied for its effects on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Aciclovir EP impurity J has been shown to be excreted primarily in urine, with some excretion in the feces.</p>

<p>Methyl 1-C-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is an impurity of Dapagliflozin.</p>

<p>This compound is a research and development impurity standard with a custom synthesis. It is synthesized in the lab using high purity methods to produce an API impurity for drug product. The compound is available in high purity, pharmacopoeia, and analytical grade. This compound is used as an analytical reference standard. Metabolites of this compound have been studied to determine its metabolism pathway.</p>

<p>2'-Epi-lamivudine is a chiral, racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of lamivudine. The synthesis and purification of 2'-epi-lamivudine is achieved by using a chiralpak column to separate the optical isomers from each other and then an immunoaffinity column to remove the undesired enantiomer (the S-enantiomer). The final product is a mixture of both enantiomers in a 1:1 ratio, which has been shown to have antiviral activity against HIV.<br>2'-Epi-lamivudine has been shown to be more potent than its parent compound lamivudine and is less toxic. This antiviral agent inhibits HIV replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that synthesizes viral DNA from viral RNA. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>Valaciclovir Related Compound E is a white crystalline powder that has an appearance similar to acyclovir, with a melting point of 164-167°C. It is soluble in water and methanol. The compound is used as a medicament and also acts as an intermediate for the synthesis of other pharmaceutical products. Valaciclovir Related Compound E can be synthesized from valaciclovir by reacting it with ethyl chloroformate, followed by recrystallization from pyridine and chloroform. This process produces the desired product in high purity under good yield. Valaciclovir Related Compound E is a white crystalline powder that has an appearance similar to acyclovir, with a melting point of 164-167°C. It is soluble in water and methanol. The compound is used as a medicament and also acts as an intermediate for the synthesis of other pharmaceutical products. Valac</p>

<p>cis 5-Fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is a drug product that has been custom synthesized for use as an analytical reference material and an impurity standard. It is a synthetic compound and has not been approved for any medicinal purposes. The pharmacopoeia it falls under is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). cis 5-Fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is used to determine the purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients in finished drug products. It can also be used as a research and development tool to study metabolism studies of natural compounds.</p>

<p>Levovirin is an antiviral agent that belongs to the class of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. It is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication and has been shown to be active against HIV in vitro. Levovirin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the NS3 protease, which is responsible for processing viral proteins. This inhibition prevents the production of new virus particles and the spread of infection. Levovirin also has immunomodulatory effects, which may provide therapeutic benefits in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.</p>

<p>1-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid (1bRT) is an amide that inhibits the growth of viruses by inhibiting the viral enzyme thiosemicarbazide. It has been shown to be active against specific viruses such as HIV and retroviruses. 1bRT is used to treat lung diseases caused by viruses, including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis. It also has antibacterial properties. Studies have shown that 1bRT reduces the number of bacteria in body fluids and helps to prevent respiratory infections and other bacterial infections in people with weakened immune systems due to AIDS or cancer treatment.</p>

<p>Dapagliflozin impurity 2 is an impurity of dapagliflozin. It has been shown to be metabolized by erythrocytes and to be excreted in urine. Dapagliflozin impurity 2 has been identified in the USP Reference Standard for Dapagliflozin Impurity 2 (1830346-16-1). This material is available for custom synthesis, research, and development.</p>

<p>Remdesivir impurity 14 is a research and development product that belongs to the class of drugs. It is a synthetic metabolite with high purity. Remdesivir impurity 14 meets the pharmacopoeia standard for drug products and drug development. It has been synthesized to be used as an analytical standard for HPLC analysis of remdesivir. This product also has niche applications in metabolism studies, because it is a natural metabolite with its own metabolic pathway.</p>

<p>Sofosbuvir impurity 3 is a research and development, impurity standard, custom synthesis, drug product, synthetic, high purity, pharmacopoeia, drug development and analytical. Sofosbuvir impurity 3 is a metabolite of sofosbuvir which has been studied in metabolism studies using HPLC. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the growth of some bacteria.</p>

<p>Remsesivir related compound 11 is a research and development chemical that is used as an analytical, drug development, or impurity standard. It is a high purity, pure substance that can be custom synthesized or natural. Remsesivir related compound 11 has been shown to be metabolized by cytochrome p450 enzymes and glutathione reductase and has shown pharmacopoeia activities. Remsesivir related compound 11 can also be used as a HPLC standard for the detection of metabolites in pharmaceutical products.</p>

<p>Triphenylmethanol (TPM) is an inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. It is synthesized by reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid with a hydroxyl group in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and potassium carbonate. The reaction solution was then analyzed by x-ray crystallography, revealing the molecular structure of TPM. TPM binds to the metal ion in a hydroxyl group, preventing alcohol dehydrogenase from oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. This mechanism also explains why TPM inhibits other enzymes that use this same metal ion cofactor such as carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase P, which are involved in protein synthesis and degradation.</p>

<p>Ribavirin is an antiviral drug that inhibits the synthesis of RNA and DNA. It is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, and influenza A. Ribavirin is a nucleoside analog that acts as an antimetabolite by inhibiting acid synthesis in the host cell and therefore blocking viral replication. Ribavirin has been shown to inhibit dna viruses like herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, as well as RNA viruses like influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus. Ribavirin also binds to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, which is necessary for the production of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides during DNA synthesis, thereby interfering with DNA replication.</p>