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Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Atractylone has inhibitory effects on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions, it regulates the degranulation of mast cell, proves its potential in the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions.

Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin at concentrations lower than 20 muM, significantly suppresses the productions of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) in bacterial lipopolysaccharide activated-mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells without introducing cytotoxicity; the inhibitory effects were further attributed to the suppression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, and not reduced enzymatic activity.

gamma-Mangostin is a dual agonist that activates both PPARδ and PPARα, is also a novel competitive antagonist for the 5-HT2A receptors in vascular smooth muscles and platelets.gamma-Mangostin has free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells, and exhibits antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects. gamma-Mangostin could as a preventive agent of the metabolic syndrome, and could serve as a micronutrient for colon cancer prevention.

Jujuboside B is one of the saponins isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var, has