Toxicology

<p>Applications An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.<br>References Weber, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 689 (1972), Biagi, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 873 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Applications: Imidazole derivative with antifungal properties.<br>References Walker, K.A.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 840 (1978), Odds, F.C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 14, 105 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4-Dibromo-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one is used in the preparation of antimoebic compounds such as thiosemicarbazide derivatives. Also used in the preparation of triazine molecules displaying antifungal activity.<br>References Singh, S. et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 25, 255 (2005); Tewari, A. et al.: Indian. J. Chem. B., 41B, 664 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of antifungal agents.<br>References Saksena, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 2023 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Deschloro Ticlopidine is an impurity of Ticlopidine (T438325), an antithrombotic. A platelet aggregation inhibitor.<br>References Leblonde, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 2099 (1978), O’Brien, J.R., et al: Thromb. Res., 13, 245 (1978), Katsumura, T., et al.: Angiology, 33, 357 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Alpidem.<br>References Padovani, P., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinetics, 12, 295 (1987).<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the preparation of antifungal agents.<br>References Del Poeta, M. et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 42, 2495 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Serotonin-13C215N Hydrochloride, is a labelled Serotonin (S274980). Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.<br></p>

<p>Applications Adrenocortical/mineralocorticoid Steroid.<br>References Quigley, J., et al.: Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol., 36, 724 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl rac-14-epi-Dextromethorphan is an intermediate in the synthesis of rac-14-epi-Dextromethorphan (D299440), which is an analog of Dextromethorphan (D299445) which is an antitussive compound showing analgesic properties. Dextromethorphan is used in cough medication formulations.<br>References Church J. et al.: Can J Physiol Pharmacol., 67, 561 (1989); Carliss, R. et al.: Neurotoxicology., 28, 813 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Filipin III is a cholesterol-binding, fluorescing antibiotic. Also, it is a pentaene macrolide produced by Streptomyces filipinensis, widely used for the detection and quantitation of cholesterol in biological membranes and as a tool for the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick type C disease;Polyene antibiotic, most extensively used tool for the specific detection of fluorescently labeled 3-β-hydroxysterols.<br>References Payero, T. D., et al.: Microb. Cell Fact., 14, 1-14 (2015); Stanislas, T., et al.: Methods Mol. Biol., 1209, 13-29 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral. Tenofovir (T018500) impurity.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol.,  46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.:  J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications A cyclopropyldipyridodiazepinone derivative for use as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.<br>References Couture, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 429, 161 ( 2001), Kuduk, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 6439 (2004), Feng, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 2385 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity F<br>Applications Cefixime Ethyl Ester is an ester impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).<br>References Bian, L. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 30, 872 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications An Estradiol (E888000) 17-monoester. Short-chain fatty acid esters have a higher binding potency to the estrogen receptor than long-chain fatty acid esters. Estradiol fatty acyl esters act as a storage form from which estradiol is released by enzymic hydrolysis.<br>References Rifici, V., et al.: Metabolism, 41, 1110 (1992), Larner, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 13893 (1993), Tikkanen, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 60, 1 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications An orally active, labelled synthetic nonpeptide renin inhibitor. Antihypertensive.<br>References Lefevre, G., et al.: J. Immunoassay, 21, 65 (2000), Allikments, K., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 3, 1479 (2002), Wood, J.M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 308, 698 (2003), Grandman, A.H., et al.: Circulation, 111, 1012 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Deschloro-2-phenylthio-thiamethoxam is an impurity of thiamethoxam (T344180), which is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have probelms returnign home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oliver, J., et al.: J. Environ. Horticult., 28, 135 (2010), Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Entomol. Res., 34, 35 (2010), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atorvastatin Cyclic (Chlorophenyl) Sodium Salt Impurity is an analogue of Atorvastatin Cyclic (Fluorophenyl) Sodium Salt Impurity<br></p>

<p>Applications Asomate is an organoarsenic fungicide used for various agricultural goods. Research has shown that arsenic pollution manifested permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhao, Z.Y., et al.: Xuanyi. Xueboa., 34, 117 (2007); Kim, N., et al.: Food. Sci. Biotechnol., 14, 554 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenarimol is a pyrimidine based fungicide which acts against rusts, blackspot and mildew fungi and it works by inhibiting the fungus’s biosynthesis of important steroid molecules.<br>References Zeiman, E., et al.: J. Parasitol., 94, 280 (2008); Lozano, A., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1268, 109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Adefovir Dipivoxil Dimer is a formed from the dimerization of Adefovir Dipivoxil (A280465) which is used as an oral reverse transcriptase inhibitor in the treatment of hepatitis B. Adefovir Dipivoxil Dimer’s presence indicates the degradation of Adefovir Dipivoxil under specific conditions suggesting the stability of Adefovir Dipivoxil is compromised under such conditions.<br>References Yuan, L., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 1098 (2000); Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010), Ming, X., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 79, 455 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Mellors, J., et al.: Science, 72, 1167 (1996), Reimann, K., et al.: J. Virol., 79, 8878 (2005), Rose, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 7413 (2005), Acierno, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 176, 5338 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Mercaptobenzonitrile is a building block used as a reactant in the synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activities of some ethyl 6-bromo-5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylates.<br>References Chai, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 911 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Atazanavir-d9 is the deuterated analog of Atazanavir (A790051), a azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor derivative. Atazanavir have been investigated as potential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for anticancer purposes.<br>References Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004), Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lombazole-d9 is deuterium labelled form of Lombazole (L470205), which is imidazole based antimicrobial agent with some antifungal activity.<br>References Barug, D., De Groot, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 28, 643 (1985); Barug, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 238 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Efavirenz 1-Desamine-1-oxy is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications A degradation product of labelled Cefuroxime, and an intermediate for the synthesis of labelled Cephalosporin antibiotics<br>References Nomura, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 12 (1974), Takaya, T., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 34, 1300 (1981), Wang, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 577 (1994), Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 985 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diethyl 2-(methylthio)-4,5-pyrimidinedicarboxylate<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Methyltryptophol is a metabolite of Tryptophan (T947200), an essential amino acid.<br>References Liu, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 4167 (2010), Kumar, R., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 2265 (2010), Cai, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 1899 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5,6-Trichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic Acid is an impurity of Quinclorac (Q670300), which is a disubstituted quinolinecarboxylic acid that is part of a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides. Quinclorac is used in rice to control dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, particularly barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Quinclorac is also used for weed control in turfgrasses.<br>References Haden, E. et al.: Proc. Br. Corp. Prot. Conf. Weeds, 1, 77 (1985); Chism, W.J. et al.: Weed Sci., 39, 62 (1991); Grossmann, K. et al.: Weed Sci., 46, 707 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Malathion-d7 (dimethyl-d6; 3-d1) (CAS# 352438-94-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Naftalofos<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,4-Tri-O-benzoyl Propofol-β-D-glucuronide Methyl Ester is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiamine Hydrogen Succinate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Vitamin B1 O-Succinic Acid-N-Hydroxy Succinimide which is a useful synthetic intermediate and a related compound of thiamine (T344185). Thiamine or vitamin B1 is an essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism and it is also involved in nerve function.<br>References Kawaski, T., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 122, 15 (1986); Mascher, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 56 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid is a metabolite of Mesotrione.<br>References Guengerich, F., et al.: Drug Metab. Rev., 34, 607 (2002), Kurian, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1366 (2006), Yang, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 29, 487 (2007), Beaudegnies, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 4134 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Thiacloprid-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of Thiacloprid, which is a chloronicotinyl insecticide for use in fruits and vegetables.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Nauen, R., et al.: Pestic. Sci., 53, 133 (1998), Jetter, R., et al.: Plant Physiol., 126, 1725 (2001), Weichert, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 6294 (2006), Hoffmann, E., et al.: J. Insect. Sci., 8 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Bufuralol, a β-Adrenergic blocker with peripheral vasodilating activity.<br>References Francis, R.J., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 23, 529 (1982), Pringle, T.H., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 22, 527 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications 17α-Testosterone-16,16,17-d3 Cypionate is the isotope labelled analog of 17α-Testosterone Cypionate (T155155); the 17α-isomer of Testosterone Cypionate (T155100) which is an anabolic steroid with androgenic properties. Also used for testosterone therapy in males with hypogonadism.<br>References Rabkin, J.G. et al.: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 19, 19 (1999); Hajjar, R. et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 3793 (1997); Rhoden, E. et al.: J. Sex Med., 7, 277 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated 4-chloro Bupropion (B689625) analogue used in the preparation of compounds for indirect dopamine agonist pharmacotherapy for treating cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse addiction.<br>References Carroll, F.I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 6768 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Demeton-S (D231360).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Szeto, S.Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 1082 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosfolan was identified and determined to be a residual pesticide in okra samples.<br>References Lin, Y. C., et al.: Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence, 52, 999 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications A Phenobarbital derivative. Anticonvulsant.<br>References Hansch, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 61, 1 (1972), Andrews, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 26, 1223<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Hydroxy Vortioxetine O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt, is a metabolite of Vortioxetine (V766000, HBr); a multimodal serotonergic agent which inhibits 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 receptor and SERT.<br>References Bang-Andersen, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 3206 (2011); Mørk, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 340, 666 (2012); Mørk, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 105C, 41 (2013); Uldam, H.K., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 39, 2264 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of novel phosphorothioates and phosphorodithioates as cholinesterase inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Millard, C., et al.: J. Neurochem., 64, 1909 (1995), Nicolet, Y., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 41141 (2003), Casida, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 17, 983 (2004),<br></p>