Toxicology

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Tiglylcarnitine-d3 is labelled Tiglylcarnitine (T793780), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Tiglylcarnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.
References Adams, S., et al.: J. Nutrition, 139, 1073 (2009); Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)

Applications Bis[2-(2-mercaptobenzoyl)hydrazide] 2,2'-Dithiobis-benzoic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of N,N’-Bis(2-mercaptobenzoyl)hydrazide (B481825), which is a selective inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase. Has no other effect on other retroviral targets, including reverse transcriptase, protease, and virus attachement, and exhibits no detectable activity against human topoisomerases I and II at concentrations that effectively inhibit integrase.
References Neamati, N., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5661 (2003)

Applications Digoxin-4’’’-O-tetra-O-acetyl β-D-Glucopyranoside is an intermediate in the synthesis of Digoxigenin Tetradigitoxoside (D446510), which is a digoxin (Dx) (D446575) impurity.
References Fujii, Y., et al.: Clin. Chem., 37, 476 (1991), Salphati, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 171 (1999), Song, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 689 (1999),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Phenethicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin based β-lactam antibiotic and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive bacteria.
References Lucien, C., et al.: Can. med. Assoc. J., 84, 535 (1961); Timmers, G.J., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 13, 497 (2007);

Applications 3’,5’-Di-O-benzyl Entecavir is an intermediate in the preparation of the hepatitis B antiviral agent, Entecavir (E558900).
References Li, R. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 6, 292 (2008); Bisacchi, G.S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997)

Applications (R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl p-Toluenesulfonate is a chiral building block. It is used to prepare the antifungal agent ketoconazole. It is also used to prepare acyclic Nucleotide Analogs Derived from 8-Azapurines with antiviral activities.
References Rotstein, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 2818 (1992); Holy, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 4073 (1996)

Applications Impurity of Paclitaxel analog.

Applications Usnic Acid Sodium acts as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and are often seen used in cosmetics and facial application chemicals.
References Ferrarese, L. et al.: Cosm. Tech. et al.: 11, 25 (2008); Coiffard, C. et al.: Annal. Pharm. Dranc., 57, 392 (1999);

Applications An intermediate for the synthesis of Atazanavir and the preparation of some peptide analogs.
References Martin, J., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 32, 239 (1995), Bold, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 3387 (1998).

Applications 3-Benzyloxy-2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dolutegravir (D528800), a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor.

Applications Erythromycin N-2-propenyl Bromide is an intermediate in synthesizing 2'-O-[(2-Methoxyethoxy)methyl] Roxithromycin (M262515), which is a Roxithromycin (R700850) impurity and structurally related substance in bulk samples.
References Gasc, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991, Chepkwony, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 914, 53 (2001),

Applications A metabolite of Quinine (Q694000).
References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),