Toxicology

<p>Applications 2-Chlorobenzhydrol is used as a reagent in the synthesis of bifonazole analogs which have antibacterial and antifungal activities. 2-Chlorobenzhydrol is also a reagent in the preparation of cinnamyl piperazine derivatives which have anticonvulsant activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References El Hage, S., et al.: Arch. Pharm., 344, 402 (2011); Hu, C., et al.: Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 7, 661 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications S-Deoxyo-5-Hydroxy Acetate Omeprazole is an isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of 5-Hydroxy Omeprazole (H948863), the main metabolite of Omeprazole (O635000), which binds covalently to proton pump. It inhibits gastric secretion. Used as an anttiulcerative.<br>References Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984); Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993); Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications O-3,6-Di-Benzyl Ganciclovir is a byproduct in the synthesis of Valganciclovir N3,N3'-Methylene Dimer (&gt;90%) (V092015), which is an impurity of Valganciclovir (V092000), a pro-drug of Ganciclovir (G235000) . Used in treatment of retro-virus.<br>References Acosta, E., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 81, 867 (2007), Nassetta, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 862 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications 20β-Dihydrocortisol 21-Acetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 20β-Dihydrocortisol (D448740), which could be used as a potential non invasive diagnostic test of transmissible spongiform encephalopaties. 20β-Dihydrocortisol is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Schelcher, F., et. al.: Endocrinology, 140, 2422 (1999); Phillipov, G., et. al.: J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 81, 3855 (1996); Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008); Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009); Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009); Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenobarbital 1,3-Diethyl Butyrate is a byproduct in the synthesis of Phenobarbital 1-Butyric Acid (P316750) which is a Phenobarbital derivative.<br>References Deleide, G., et al.: Clin. Chimica Acta, 99, 195 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).<br></p>

<p>Applications Carnitine Methoxymethyl Ester Chloride Salt is an analog of Carnitine (C184110), an essential cofactor for the metabolism of fatty acids.<br></p>

<p>Applications Phthalamic Acid is a reactant in the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives with analgesic activity.<br>References Gajare, S.P., Mahajan, S.S.: Int. J. Pharmaceut. Phytopharmacol. Res., 1, 357 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Thiothiamine, an impurity of Thiamine (T344185). Thiothiamine inhibits the activity of glutamate decarboxylase and decreases the concentration of GABA in brain tissue. Thiamine Impurity A;<br>References Koval'chuk, V.G. et al.: Tezisy Dokl.- Konf. Beloruss. Biokhim. O-va., 2, 135 (1974); Ostrovskii, Y. et al.: Biokhimiya, 34, 488 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated metabolite of Terbinafine, an orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine.<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984), Petranyi, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1365 (1987), Humbert, H., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 16, 685 (1995), Nejjam, F., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol.,132, 98 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(4-Pentynyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran is used as a reagent in the synthesis of (+)-Citrafungin A, an alkyl citrate compound that acts as a geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) inhibitor and also exhibits antifungal activity.<br>References Amer, M., et al.: Heterocycles, 72, 181 (2007); Singh, S., et al.: Org. Lett., 6, 337 (2004); Tsegay, S., et al.: Aus. J. Chem., 62, 676 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine is the unlabeled form of 9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine-13C5 (H952012), which is an intermediate used in the synthesis of rac Tenofovir-13C5 (&gt;90%) (T018501), the isotope labelled analog of Tenofovir (T018500); an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Also used as an anti-HIV agent and antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005); Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006); Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride can be used as a reagent to prepare hepatitis C virus (HCV) and granzyme B (indoline derivatives) inhibitors. It has also been employed in studies relating to the development of protein kinase C inhibitors.<br>References Yang, Z., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2015124063 A1 20150827 (2015); Cameron, D. R. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2014153666 A1 20141002 (2014); Cameron, D. R. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2014153666 A1 20141002 (2014); Lampe, J. W., et al.: J. Med. Chem 45, 2624<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ester [(1S,2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropyl)amino]-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of 2-epi-Darunavir (D193530), which is a stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral.<br>References Rao, R.N., et. al.: J. Sep. Sci., 35, 2671 (2012); Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003); Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005); Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005)<br></p>