Toxicology

<p>Applications Sulfamonomethoxine-N1-glucosiduronic Acid, is a metabolite of Sulfamonomethoxine (S699145), found in human urine, after its administration. Sulfamonomethoxine is used as an antibacterial agent.<br>References Ueda, M.m et al.: Yakugaku Zasshi, 87, 455 (1967); Bridges, et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 96, 829 (1965), Hong, Y.-L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 39, 1756 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxymethyl Emtricitabine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Artemether Succinate Dimer is a derivative compound of Artemisinin (A777500), an antimalarial.<br>References Klayman, D.L., et al.: Science, 228, 1049 (1985); Price, R.N., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 9, 1815 (2000); Meshnick, S.R., et al.: Int. J., Parasitol., 32, 1655 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications [2R-[2α(S*),4β]]-4-[[(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy)methoxy]carbonyl]-α-[[(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)methylene]amino]-5,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolidineacetic Acid is an impurity of Pivmecillinam (P550700), an orally active prodrug of Amdinocillin (A576300), an broad spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2.<br>References Ejim, L., et al.: Nature. Chem. Biol., 7, 348 (2011); Lees, G.M., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 73, 535 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluconazole EP Impurity B / Fluconazole USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 4-Defluoro-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) Fluconazole (Fluconazole EP Impurity B) is an impurity of the antifungal agent Fluconazole (F421000).<br>References Ramesh, B. et al.: J. Pharm. Res., 4, 1401 (2011); Al-Rimawi, F.: Jor. J. Chem., 4, 357 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethylene seco-Benzoxadiazine Marbofloxacin is an impurity of Marbofloxacin (M197000); a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977); Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications (rac)AIB-Precursor is used as a reagent in the preparation of cyclized sulfamoylarylamide derivatives for treatment of hepatitis B.<br>References Vendeville, S. M. H., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 244pp. (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[4-(4-Aminophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phendiamineol is an intermediate of Posaconazole (P689600), which is orally active antifungal triazole.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000); Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004); Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006); Yan, X., et al.: Guangzhou Huagong, 41, 107 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl (1R,4S)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate (2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of ent-Abacavir (A105015), which is an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methoxy Cefadroxil is an impurity of Cefadroxil (C235750), a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Buck, R.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 11, 324 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desdecanoyl, N-(Undecanoyl) Dapotmycin is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-β-methylbenzenepropanol 1-Methanesulfonate is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Amorolfine Hydrochloride (A634170); a morpholine antifungal drug and topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections.<br>References Rotta, I., et al.: JAMA Dermatol., 149, 341 (2013); Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 26, 5 (1984); Zhang, S., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing. CN 103288768 A 20130911. Sep 11, 2013<br></p>

<p>Applications (R,S)-Ethambutol is an isomer of Ethambutol (E889800), used as an antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Wilkinson, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 5, 835 (1962), Kulig, et al.: Diss. Pharm. Pharmacol., 23, 463 (1971), Lee, C.S., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 231 (1978)<br></p>

<p>Applications (7R)-7-Amino Cefoxitin is an impurity of Cefoxitin (C243190). Cefoxitin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Cephamycin C, possessing high resistance to β-lactamase inactivation. An antibacterial.<br>References Wallick, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 5, 25 (1974), Brenner, G.S., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 169 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Oxo-fluticasone Furoate is an impurity of Fluticasone(F599500); an anti-inflammatory agent and a steroid.<br>References Meltzer, E. O., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 86, 221 (1990), Mitchison, H. C., et al.: Gut, 32, 260 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atazanavir is a novel azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor (PI). Antiviral.<br>References Palella, F.J. Jr., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 338(13), 853 (1998), Nolan, D., et al.: Drugs, 63(23), 2555 (2003), Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004), Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Desmethylene-4-hydroxymethyl-efinaconazole is a degradation product and potentially a metabolite of the antifungal drug Efinaconazole (E435070).<br>References Sugiura, K., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents CH., 58, 3837 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the production of Zolpidem metabolites<br>References Klupsch, F., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 54, 1318 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Cannabigerorcinic Acid is a compound that takes part in the biosynthesis of daurichromenic acid synthase which is active in anti-HIV biosynthesis.<br>References Iijima, M. et al.: Plant Phys., 174, 2213 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxy[[2-[[[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]amino]carbonyl]phenoxy]acetato(2-)]mercurate(1-) Coordination Compound, cna be used as a a mercurial diuretic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References best, M.M., et. al.: Am. J. Med. Sci., 225, 132 (1953)<br></p>

<p>Applications alpha-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid containing a-linolenic acid.<br>References Hanus, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3032-3034 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications (1R,4S)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester Hydrochloride is an intermediate used in the synthesis of ent-Abacavir (A105015), which is an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-(Decyloxy)-7-ethoxy-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbonyl Chloride is an intermediate in the synthesis of Decoquinate-d5 (D226882), which is a labelled Decoquinate (D226880). Decoquinate is a quinolone coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine, in particular as animal feed for poultry.<br>References Del Cacho, E. et al.: Int. J. Parasitol., 36, 1515 (2006); Guo, F.C. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 147, 239 (2007); Davis, J.L. et al.: Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 9, 1145 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Texas Red 4’-Propargyl Sulfonamide 2’-Sulfate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Texas Red-5-dUTP (T320100), a fluorescence-labelled nucleotide analog. Texas Red-5-dUTP is used diagnostically for detection of rearranged SS18 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded synovial sarcoma.<br></p>

<p>Applications Carboxytolbutamide-d9 (butyl-d9) (CAS# 1219802-95-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic Acid-13C is labeled 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic Acid (T790720) which is a substituted benzoic acid used in the preparation of a various biologically active compounds such as antifungal and antimalarial agents.<br>References Jiang, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 4471 (2011); Herrin, T.R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1216 (1975);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium 4-Hydroxybutyrate-2,2,3,3-d4 (CAS# 1251763-08-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Heptanoate-6,6,7,7,7-d5 (CAS# 1263095-31-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Carisoprodol-d7 (iso-propyl-d7) (CAS# 1218911-01-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound. As a deuterated drug analog, this compound can be used for inter-patient variability.<br>References Gant, T., et.al., U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ., 28,(2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Androsten-11b,17b-diol-3-one-2,2,4,6,6-d5 is a useful isotopically labeled compound of 11β-Hydroxytestosterone (H956785)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclohexanecarbonyl-d11 Chloride is labelled Cyclohexanecarbonyl Chloride which is used to prepare 1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. It was also used to synthesize benzothiazole as potent antitumor agents.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Whiting, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 7697 (2006); Yoshida, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3328 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-4'-bromoacetophenone Hydrochloride is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Ledipasvir (L320100); a potent, once-daily oral NS5A inhibitor used for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. 2-Amino-4'-bromoacetophenone Hydrochloride is also used in the preparation of the β-receptor agonists (-)-Denopamine (D231485) and (-)-Arbutamine (A766300).<br>References Link, J.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 2033 (2014); Shang, G., et al.: Chem-Eur. J., 13, 7780 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications (3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-6-(N-Boc-amino)-3-(1-ethylpropyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopent[d]isoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an impurity of Peramivir (P285500), a neuraminidase inhibitor used as an antiviral agent for treating influenza. (3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-6-(N-Boc-amino)-3-(1-ethylpropyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopent[d]isoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is also a regioisomer of (3aR,4R,6S,6aS)-4-[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-3-(1-ethylpropyl)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopent[d]isoxazole-6-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester (D472890).<br>References Whitley, R., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 20, 127 (2001); Bright, R., et al.: Lancet., 366, 1175 (2005); Deyde, V., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 196, 249 (2007); Lee, N., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1323 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Des(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide) 2-(2-(2-Acetylhydrazinyl)-2-oxoacetamide) Raltegravir is an impurity of a potent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor. A novel anti-AIDS drug.<br>References Wade, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Biomed. Anal., 8, 401 (1990), Hazuda, D., et al.: Science, 287, 646 (2000), Williams, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1201 (2004), Duckett, C., et al.: Xenobiotica, 36, 59 (2006), Miners, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 1531 (2006), Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 6646 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-Benzyl (2-Amino-2-(hydroxyimino)ethyl)carbamate is an intermediate used in the synthesis of N-((5-Hydroxy-6-oxo-4-((2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl)carbamoyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamide (H950690), which is a derivative of Raltegravir (R100305), a potent integrase (IN) inhibitor for WT and S217Q PFV IN.<br>References Hare, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 20057 (2010); Hicks, C., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 48, 931 (2009); Moss, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 56, 3020 (2012); Hare, S., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 80, 565 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-Methoxytetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2(3H)-one is an isomer of an impurity of Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral.<br>References Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005); Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is a derivative in the synthesis of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloroethoxy Roxithromycin is an impurity of Roxithromycin (R700850); a semisynthetic Erythromycin (E649950) derivative and antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983); Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986); Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987); Gasc, J.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991);<br></p>