Toxicology

<p>Applications A benzodiazepine drug, which is used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal and insomnia. It can be used as a premedication before surgery as it augments the effects of anesthetics and reduces anxiety.<br>References Ogiso, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 446 (1989), Gu, Q., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 1001 (1993), Bekhterev, V.N., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 42, 95 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Benzilate is a reactant in the synthesis of Trimethadione (T796155), an anticonvulsant and antiepileptic agent used in the treatment of pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to snti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) has indicated increased risk of major or minor congenital malformation.<br>References Pastore, V., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013); Ahir, B. et al.: Toxicol. Vitro., 28, 948 (2014); Pastore, V. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sodium salt of Cephalothin (C261150), a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide range antibacterial activity. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and has been tested in respiratory disease and neuromuscular junction studies.<br>References Shibata, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 50, 135 (1997); Farra, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 31, 427 (2008); Pichardo, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 30, 289 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An isotopically labelled analog of Flurbiprofen (F598700).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chalmers, et al.: Ann. Rheum. Dis., 31, 319 (1972), Nishizawa, et al.: Thromb. Res., 3, 577 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Flupirtine (F598510). Analgesic. Substituted pyridine with central analgesic properties. A potassium channel opener<br>References Vaupel, D., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 162, 447 (1989), Nickel, B., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 909 (1990), Lunemann, J., et al.: J. Immunol., 168, 4881 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Carfentanil Citrate is a Fentanyl (F275000) analogue, an opioid receptor agonist. Analgesic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zernig, G., et al.: Life Sci., 57, 2113 (1995), Bot, G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Therap., 285, 1207 (1998), Gear, et al.: Neuroscience, 66, 5 (1995), Boronat, et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 175 ( 1998), Ozdogan., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 460, 127 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Theophylline.<br>References ottrup, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Toxicol., 67, 340 (1990), El-Kadi, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1112 (2000), Kim, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2131 ( 2002), Hansel, T., et al.: Drugs Today, 40, 55 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclanilide is a plant growth regulator that functions by interactting with auxin-regulated processes. Cyclanilide is commonly used on cotton plants to either suppress vegetative growth or accelerate senescence. Cyclanilide is also used as a bioregulator of deciduous fruit trees.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Burton, J. et al.: Proc. Plant Growth Reg. Soc. Am., 36, 56 (2009); Burton, J. et al.: J. Plant Growth Reg., 27, 342 (2008); Elfving, D.C. et al.: Act Horticul., 884, 159 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,6-Trichlorophen-3,5-d2-ol is an impurity in the synthesis of isotope labelled Triclosan which is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sodium Stibogluconate is an intermediate used to prepare Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as a new class of antileishmanial agents.<br>References Agarwal, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 6678 (20050<br></p>

<p>Applications Zinc Dimethyldithiocarbamate is a member of a class of dithiocarbamates, and has been used in agriculture as a fungicide (1) and in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator. It is a neurotoxin which is associated with parkinson’s disease (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Ema, M. et al.: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994 Dec;53(6):930-6.2. Lulla, A. et al.: Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Nov;124(11):1766-1775.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cyclosporin A (C988901) derivative. An immunosuppressant that has revolutionized organ transplantation through its use in the prevention of graft rejection.A group of nonpolar cyclic oligopeptides with immunosupppressant activity.<br>References van Wartburg, A., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 25, 1 (1988), Jorgensen, K.A., et al.: Scand. J. Imunol., 57, 93 (2003), Vollenbroeker, et al.: Transplant. Proc., 37, 1741 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Testosterone (T155000) in human. Controlled substance.<br>References Seckl, J., et al.: Steroids, 62, 89 (1997), Reynolds, R., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 245 (2001), Wolf, C., et al.: Toxicol. Sci. 65, 71 (2002), Borlak, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 675 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Bifendate (B382890), a synthetic intermediate of Schisandrin C and also a anti-HBV drug used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.<br>References Pan, S.Y., et al.: Euro. J. Pharmacol. 522, 170 (2006); Zeng, Y., et al.: Acta. Pharmacol. Sinica., 30, 478 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenkapton is an antiparasitic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rico, A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 35, 494 (2016), Bai, G., et al.: Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence, 49, 835 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pheniramine-d6 Maleate is the isotope analog of Pheniramine Maleate. Pheniramine, a H1-receptor antagonist, is an antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative properties. Pheniramine is used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria.<br>References Dadkar, N.K. et al.: Psychopharmacology, 48, 7 (1976); Jancinova, V. et al.: Inflam. Res., 44, 183 (1997); Radke, R.S. et al.: Ind. Pharm., 8, 69 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Iodosulfuron Methyl Ester Sodium is used as a pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Klein, J., et al.: J. AOAC Intrnational, 86, 1015 (2003); Pang, G., et al.: J. Chromat. A, 1125, 1 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rosuvastatin Calcium (R,S,R)-Diastereomer is a degradation product of rosuvastatin.<br>References Shah, R. P., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 3215 (2013; ,Litvic, M.,et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. Chem., 252, 84 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bitertanol is a foliar-applied triazole fungicide used to protect tropical and subtropical crops in agriculture, in particular bananas. Bitertanol has effects on behavior that are similar to those of psychomotor stimulants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Allen, A.R. et al.: Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 15, 237 (1993); Scheinpflug, H. et al.: Pflanzsensch.-Nach., 34, 8 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrendipine-d5 is the isotope labelled analogue of Nitrendipine (N490150), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Nitrendipine is used in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension to decrease blood pressure. Antihypertensive.<br>References Ventura, H.O., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 51, 783 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications R(-)-Methamphetamine is an intermediate in the synthesis of (R)-Benzphetamine Hydrochloride (B209870), the R-enantiomer of Benzphetamine (B209880). Controlled substance (stimulant). Anorexic.<br>References Stewart, J.T., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 60, 461 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMNP) is a pyrazole-derived plant growth regulator used as a citrus abscission agent.<br>References Barcelo, J., et al.: J. Plant Nutr., 13, 1 (1990), Delessert, C., et al.: Plant Mol. Biol., 55, 165 (2004), Both, M., et al.: The Plant Cell, 17, 2107 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluazinam is a broad spectrum fungicide. Fluazinam is commonly used for control of Sclerotinia blight and other soilborne pathogens of peanut as well for the control of potato blight.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Smith, F.D. et al.: Peanut Sci., 19, 115 (1992); Roques, J.-F. et al.: Phytoma, 460, 48 (1994); Platt, H.W. et al.: Tests Agrochem. Cult., 15, 36 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prochloraz Manganese Chloride Complex can be used in biological study of pathogen identification of a new disease in Siraitia grosvenorii and screening of effective fungicides.<br>References Jiang, N., et al.: Zhiwu Baohu, 41, 173 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiamine is a essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function. Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products, vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit. Also present in rice husks and yeast. Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Chronic deficiency may lead to neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.<br>References Kawaski, T., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 122, 15 (1986), Mascher, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 56 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Normorphine is a metabolite of Morphine (M652290). This is a controlled substance (opium derivative). Analgesic (narcotic).<br>References Coffman, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 1 (1997), Hanks, G., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 84, 587 (2001), Projean, D., et al.: Xenobiotica, 33, 841 (2003), Dale, O., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 58, 156 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled anticholinergic drug used in the treatment parkinson’s disease. It is also used to treat patients suffering from drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia.<br>References Salako, L.A.: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn, Ther., 184, 233 (1970); Vas, C.J. et al.: Neurol., 19, 234 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Baclofen is the R-Enantiomer of Baclofen, a specific GABA-B receptor agonist and a muscle relaxant (1,2).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References (1) Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 8,1 (1974) (2) Song, Y., et al.: Endocrinology. en.2016-1776 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenoxycarb is a carbamate insect growth regulator by preventing immature insects from reaching maturity by mimicking juvenile hormone. Used as a standard for Pesticide detection. Fenoxycarb is also used in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698235).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References El-Saeid, M.H., et al.: J. Chem., 10, (2013); Coors, A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 31, 1239 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prosulfuron is one of the 309 mostly pesticide active chemicals.<br>References Judson, R., et al.: Environ. Health Perspect., 118, 485 (2010).<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Bis(2-chloroethyl)amine is a cytotoxic metabolite of Cyclophosphamide; a deuterated analog of Nor-nitrogen mustard.<br>References Colvin, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 36, 1121 (1976), Ludeman, S., et al.: Drug Metab Dispos., 20, 337 (1992), Ludeman, S.M., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 84, 393 (1995), Yu, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 1254 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Endosulfan is an insecticide that poses health risks to humans and animals that acquire it through ingestion, inhalation, and percutaneous contact. Despite its potential risks, it is still being widely used all around the globe to protect cotton, sugarcane, and vegetable crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bhalerao, T. &amp; Puranik, P.: Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 59, 315 (2007); Kalender, S., et al.: Toxicology, 202, 227 (2004); Naqvi, S. &amp; Vaishnavi, C.: Comp. Biochem. Phys. C, 105, 347 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Metoxadiazone is used as an insecticide used to control rice hoppers, cockroaches and ants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ambrosi, D., et al.: BCPC Symp. Ser., 2, 533 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Mecoprop (M203052). Herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gagne, F., et al.: Environ. Res., 103, 238 (2007), LaChapelle, A., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 23, 20 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dioxybenzone-d3 is an isotopic analog of Dioxybenzone (D486365), a compound used in sunscreen formulations to block out UVB and UVA harmful rays.<br>References Baumgartner, V. et al.: J. Planar. Chrom. Modern. TLC., 22, 19 (2009); Kunisue, T. et al.: Anal. Meth., 2, 707 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Spinetoram J is a component of Spinetoram (S683650), a compound that belongs to the spinosyn family of insecticides and shows potential of natural products research. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kirst H. A.: J. Antibiot., 63, 101-111 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Duloxetine.<br>References Lantz, R.J., et al.: Drug Dispos. Metab., 31, 1142 (2003), Detke, M., et al.: J. Clin Psy., 63, 308 (2002), Bymaster, F.P., et al.: Bioorg. Med., Chem. Lett., 13, 4477 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) used as a fungicide. It is also useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amiri, A. et. al.: Plant Disease, 98, 532 (2014); Ishii, H., et. al.: Pest. Manag. Sci., 67, 474 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Aminocarnitine acts as a hypoglycemic and antiketogenic compound. It alters lipidic metabolism by inhibiting carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT).<br>References Jenkins, D.L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 260, 14748 (1985), Kanamaru, T., et al.: M. Life Sci., 37, 217 (1985), Hulsmann, W.C., et al.: J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1097, 263 (1991), Chiodi, P., et al.: Biochim, Biophys. Acta., 1127, 81 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Amisulpride (A633250). Amisulpride is a neuroleptic agent, an analogue of Sulpiride (S689145). Amisulpride is used as an antipsychotic. Amisulpride is a dopamine receptor antagonist.<br>References Protais, P., et al.: Neuropharmacol., 24, 861 (1985), Perrault, G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 280, 73 (1997),<br></p>