Toxicology

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Carnitine.
References Huang, Z., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 199, 98 (1991), Friolet, R., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 94, 1490 (1994), Rashed, M., et al.: Pediatr. Res., 38, 324 (1995), Costa, C., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 38, 173 (1997),

Applications A labelled selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory. Used in the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Simon, L.S., et al.: Arthritis Rheum., 41, 1591 (1998), Silverstein, F.E., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 284, 1247 (2000), Steinbach, G., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 342, 1946 (2000),

Applications 6α-Methyl-9α-fluoro-11β,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone is an impurity of Fluorometholone (F593145), a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.
References Kupferman, A., et al.: Arch. Ophthlmol., 640, 100 (1982), Tokunaga H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 4012 (1984),

Applications Potassium bromide is an ionic compound that is commonly used in chemistry to form a pellet that can be used to analyze a number of compounds by means of infrared spectroscopy. Potassium bromide is also used as an anticonvulsant to treat refractory seizures in humans and dogs.
References Kirkland, J.: Anal. Chem., 27, 1537 (1955); Korinthenberg, R., et al.: J. Child Neuro., 22, 414 (2007); Wilberley, S., et al.: Anal. Chem., 29, 210 (1957); Yohn, S., et al.: J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass., 201, 468 (1992)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications EPTC is a pesticide, S-Ethyl-N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate

Applications An isotopically labelled version of Valsartan (V095750), a nonpeptide angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive.
References Criscione, L., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 110, 761 (1993), Muller, P., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 231 (1994)

Applications Atorvastatin (A791750) impurity.
References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996);

Applications Sodium channel blocker, local anesthetic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Wilson, T.D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 59 (1990), McClellan, K.J., et al.: Drugs, 56, 355 (1998),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An intermediate in the production of Rosuvastatin (R700500) derivatives.

Applications The major metabolite of Deflazacort.
References Bernareggi, A., et al.: J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal., 5, 177-81 (1987), Assandri, A., et al.: Xenobiotica, 13(3), 185 (1983), Martinelli, E., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 7, 335 (1979),

Applications Aprindine is a long-acting antiarrhythmic agent, effective when administered orally or intravenously in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias of varying etiologies.
References Danilo, P. Jr., et al.: Am. Heart. J., 97, 119 (1979); Atarashi, H., et al.: Circulation. J., 66, 553 (2002);

Applications A related compound of Desloratadine (D290250).
References Krishna, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 29 (2003), Qi, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, 355 (2005),

Applications Rosuvastatin Methyl Ester is an impurity of Rosuvastatin (R700500) in the pharmaceutical dosage forms under forced degradation conditions.
References Lennernas, H., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 32, 403 (1997), Kivisto, K., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 49 (1998), Lan, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, 540 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An alpha agonist, causing constriction of conjunctival blood vessels. Used in over-the-counter eye drops, this compound relieves the redness left by ocular irritants.
References Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2881 (2005), Sandri, G., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 62, 59 (2006), Rosenthal, R., et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 22, 440 (2007), Sabio, S., et al.: J. App. Oral Sci., 16, 280 (2008),

Applications Antiarrhythmic (class IA). Sodium channel blocker.
References Adelstein, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 16, 309 (1973), Czeisler, J.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 74, 750 (1985), Taylor, E.H., et al.: Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 16, 289 (1986),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications A highly sensitive reagent for α-keto acids. A fluorometric labeling reagent. Dyes and metabolites.
References Kajihara, Y., et al.: Carb. Res., 331, 455 (2001)

Applications 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-Decachlorobiphenyl is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. A halogenated organic contaminant and a pesticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ballschmiter, K., et al.: Fresenius J Anal Chem., 302, 20 (1980); Hawker, Darryl W., et al.: Environ Sci Technol., 22, 382 (1988); Souza, A. C., et al.: Mar. Pollut. Bull., 133, 436 (2018); Siddiqi, H. A., et al.: J. Chem.Soc. Pakistan, 39, 851 (2017)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 6α-Chloro Testosterone is a derivative of Testosterone, the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells. Major circulating androgen; converted by 5α-reductase in androgen-dependent target tissues to 5α-dehydrotestosterone which is required for normal male sexual differentiation. Also converted by aromatization to Estradiol.Testerone is a controlled substance (anabolic steroid). Androgen.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
References McFarland, K., et al.: Science, 245, 494 (1989), Heckert, L., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 1499 (1998), Themmen, A., et al.: Endocr. Rev. 21, 551 (2000), Kumar, R., et al.: Biol. Reprod., 65, 710 (2001),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Loperamide, which is used as an antidiarrheal.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Stokbroekx, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 1, 782 (1973), Carter, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 341 (1990),

Applications 17β-neriifolin could be considered a candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. It can also work as an inhibitor of hERG channel trafficking.
References Zhao, Q., et al.:Fitoterapia, 82, 735 (2011); Wang, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 320, 525 (2007)

Applications Testololactone, is the derivative of Testolactone (T154800), which is an antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and is used to treat advanced stage breast cancer.
References Dunkel, L.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 254, 207 (2006); Eugster, E. A.: Treat. Endocrinol., 3, 141 (2004); Holbeck, S.L. et al.: Mol. Cancer Therap., 9, 1451 (2010);

Stability Temperature and Light Sensitive, unstable in solution
Applications Vitamin K1 Hydroxide is a derivative of Vitamin K1 (V676080), which occurs widely in green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
References Hassan, M.M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 449 (1988), Breton, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 12405 (1994), Dowd, P., et al.: Science, 269, 1684 (1995),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Antihistaminic.
References Berthon, B., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 789 (1994), Hu, Q., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 33995 (1999),

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S
Applications Beclomethasone 11,17,21-Tripropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S) is an impurity of Beclomethasone (B131000), a glucocorticoid. Used in chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalant). Anti-inflammatory (topical).
References Malfitan, V.A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 4, 472 (1982), Rao, M., et al.: J. Asthma, 19, 21 (1982), Small, P., et al.: Ann. Allergy, 49, 127 (1982), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 28, 99 (1984),

Applications Caffeidine Acid is a potential degradation product from the hydrolysis of Caffeine (C080100) under alkaline environment.
References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);

Applications A labelled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); activity resides primarily in the (S)-isomer.
References Busson, M., et al.: J. Int. Med Res., 14, 53 (1986), Meade, E.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6610 (1993), Davies, N.M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 34, 101 (1998),

Applications A metabolite of halopropanes.
References Barnsley, E.A.: Biochem. J., 100, 362 (1966)

Applications The major metabolite of Boldenone, an anabolic steroid.
References Fotsis, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 28, 203 (1987), Song, Y., et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 23, 599 (2000), Buiarelli, F., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 526, 113 (2004), Poelmans, S., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 22, 808 (2005),

Applications Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic effective against gram-postive bacteria. Bacitracin is an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. Bacitracin disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of lipid pyrophosphate. Bacitracin also strongly inhibits proline endopeptidase from human muscle.
References Ward, J.B. et al.: Biochem. J., 141, 227 (1974); Anastasi, A. et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 601 (1993); Daly, D.J. et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 13, 1161 (1985); Weinberg, E.D. et al.: Antibiot. Ber., 90, (1967);

Applications Inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in vitro.
References Endo, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 32, 852 (1979), Alberts, A.W., et al.: Drug Invest., 2 (Suppl. 2), 9 (1990), Kuroda, M., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 486, 70 (1977),

Applications Vemurafenib selective BRAFV600E kinase inhibitor; an antitumor agent. Vemurafenib functions by inhibiting the proliferation and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase and ERK phosphorylation in a panel of tumor cell lines, including melanoma cell lines expressing BRAFV600E or other mutant BRAF proteins altered at codon 600. Potent B-Raf inhibitor
References Halaban, R. et al.: Pigm. Cell. Melonoma Res., 23, 190 (2010); Yang, H. et al.: Cancer Res., 70, 5518 (2010); Comin-Anduix, B. et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 16, 6040 (2010);

Applications 2-Chloro-N-(4'-chloro-5-hydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide is a biscalid (B675850) metabolite that is used as a pesticide or for pesticide tolerance in certain commodities.
References Joyner, S., et al.: Federal Register, 75, 29901 (2010); Environmental Protection Agency.: Federal Register, 68, 44640 (2003)

Applications Lumichrome is a derivative of Riboflavin (R415000), a vitamin with a key role in maintaining cellular function and health in human and animals. Dyes and metabolites.
References Rajamani, S., et al.: Mol. Plant. Microbe. Interact., 21, 1184 (2008); Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942), Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990),

Applications 4,4'-DDE - d8 is a metabolite of DDT - d8 (D434197), a synthetic organochlorine insecticide that functions by opening sodium ion channels in the insects’ neurons, causing them to fire spontaneously which in turn leads to death. 4,4'-DDE - d8 has shown to have endocrine disrupting effects on gonadotropin hormones in pituitary gonadotrope cells.
References Saschenbrecker, P.W.: Can. J. Comp. Med., 37, 203 (1973); Balkew, M. et al.: Paras. Vect., 3, No pp. given (2010); Kikankie, C.K. et al.: Malaria J., 9, No pp. given. (2010); Battu, R.S. et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 78, 173 (1989); Zhou, J., et. al.: Environ. Toxicol. Phar., 37, 1194 (2014)

Applications 26-Deoxymonensin A Sodium Salt is a metabolite of Monensin (M515600, Na salt); a polyether antibiotic and coccidiostat.
References Pospisil, S., et al.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 60, 1561 (1994); Ashworth, D.M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 42, 1088 (1989);

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications Methimazole is a thiourea antithyroid agent that prevents iodine organification, thus inhibiting the synthesis of thyroxine. Antihyperthyroid.
References Sitar, D.S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 184, 432 (1973), Aboul-Enein, H.Y., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 351 (1979), Cooper, D.S., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 311, 1353 (1984), Atterwill, C.K., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 29, 355 (1991),

Applications 4-Chlorophenol is a halogenated phenol derivative and the building block of various pharmaceutical goods.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Strempel, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 32, 1187 (2013); Arif, N.M., et al.: J. Basic. Microbiol., 53, 9 (2013);