Toxicology

Applications Δ6-Gestodene, is an impurity of Gestodene (G368250), an orally active gestogen with progesterone-like profile of activity. Used in combination with estrogen as oral contraceptive.
References Duesterberg, B., et al.: Contraception, 24, 673 (1981); Duesterberg, B., et al.: Seroids, 43, 43 (1984); Losert, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 459 (1985);

Applications Chloroethylnitrosourea derivative with antitumor activity. Similar to carmustine, chlorozotocin, nimustine, ranimustine. Antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Johnston, T.P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 9, 892 (1966), Oliverio, V.T., et al.: Cancer Res., 30, 1330 (1970), Thompson, G.R., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 405 (1972), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 315 (1990),

Applications A metabolite of Eplerenone. Used in combination therapy for treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
References Staessen, J., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 91, 457 (1981), de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), MacFadyen, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 35, 30 (1997),

Applications 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzoic Acid is a very useful precursor. It is a reagent used to synthesize 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole (H761395) which is a metabolite of Albaconazole (A511450), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.
References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),

Applications (Z)-1,1'-(2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000), an antifungal.
References Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985),

Applications 5-​[[[(2,​4-​Difluorophenyl)​methyl]​amino]​carbonyl]​-​1-​(2,​2-​dimethoxyethyl)​-​1,​4-​dihydro-​3-​methoxy-​4-​oxo-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Cabotegravir-d3 (C050102), which is the labelled form of Cabotegravir (C050100). Cabotegravir is a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.
References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)

Applications 14,15-Epoxy-25-des(dimethylbutenyl)-25-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxybutnyl) Moxidectin is a by-product during the synthesis of 3,4-Epoxy-moxidectin (E589045), which is derived from the parent compound Moxidectin (M744800), a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.Also, it is one of the impurities of Moxidectin under stress conditions.
References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005); Awasthi, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 404, 2203-2222 (2012)

Applications 25-Des(dimethylbutenyl) 25-(1,3-Dimethyl-2,3-epoxybutnyl) Moxidectin is a by-product during the synthesis of 3,4-Epoxy-moxidectin (E589045), which is derived from the parent compound Moxidectin (M744800), a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.Also, it is one of the impurities of Moxidectin under stress conditions.
References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005); Awasthi, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 404, 2203-2222 (2012)

Applications Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid that is used in conjunction with Phenol (P318005) to carry out rapid cleavage of sulfonamides. Hydrobromic acid is also used as a catalyst to reduce sulfoxides, such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (D479380).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Aida, T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 14, 39 (1973); Snyder, H. & Geller, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 4864 (1952)

Applications Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme serine protease HCV NS3. Also functions as a second generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatitis C.
References Takehara, T., et al.: Igaku no Ayumi, 255, 1155 92015); Kalaghatgi, P., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 5 (2016)