Antibiotics

<p>A fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by targeting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This second-generation fluoroquinolone has a broad spectrum of action and is more effective against Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>A thiopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces actuosus. In addition, nosiheptide inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by acting during the elongation of the protein.</p>

<p>Gentamicin C2a sulfate is one epimeric form of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (a.k.a. gentamycin). Gentamicin interferes with the correct protein production in bacterial cells, by binding to the 16s rRNA at the 30s ribosomal subunit. Gentamicin is a natural mixture of four congeners, one of which is gentamicin C2a. Gentamicin is active against clinically relevant aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin C2a has been shown to be biodegradable in the environment, to some extent.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminocyclitol class</p>

<p>Ertapenem sodium is a carbapenem antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating severe bacterial infections like intra-abdominal infections and pneumonia.</p>

<p>Fementation intermediate of Oritavancin</p>

<p>Inducer of DNA strand breaks; glycopeptide antibiotic, anti-neoplastic</p>

<p>Avibactam sodium is a β-lactamase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in combination with ceftazidime. Its mode of action is similar to avibactam free acid</p>

<p>Difloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is a synthetic compound derived from chemical synthesis methods. Its source involves complex organic chemistry that modifies the quinolone backbone to enhance its antibacterial properties. Difloxacin functions by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are critical enzymes involved in DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This inhibition leads to the prevention of cellular division and ultimately results in bacterial cell death.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of DNA replication; aminoglycoside class</p>

<p>Cefatrizine propylene glycol is a cephalosporin antibiotic with action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating respiratory and skin infections.</p>

<p>Tosufloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are enzymes that maintain the integrity of bacterial DNA. It binds to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by inhibiting the production of proteins vital for cell division. Tosufloxacin has been shown to be effective against a variety of bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Netropsin dihydrochloride is a pyrrole-amidine antibiotic with action on AT-rich sequences of DNA to inhibit replication and is used for research on DNA-binding properties and antiviral activity.</p>

<p>Griselimycin is an antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterial genus *Streptomyces*. This compound exhibits its mode of action by targeting bacterial protein synthesis, specifically binding to the DNA polymerase sliding clamp, thereby inhibiting replication and cell division in a range of bacterial pathogens. Griselimycin has been the focus of renewed scientific interest due to its potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multi-drug-resistant strains. The compound’s unique mode of action makes it a promising candidate for further development in the treatment of tuberculosis and potentially other bacterial infections that have developed resistance to more commonly used antibiotics. Advances in understanding its biosynthesis have facilitated semi-synthetic modifications, potentially enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial spectrum. The applications of Griselimycin extend to research contexts where understanding resistance mechanisms and novel antibiotic development are critical. Continued exploration of this compound may contribute significantly to addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.</p>

<p>2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol is a natural phenol produced by certain bacteria, used for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens.</p>

<p>Enrofloxacin lactate is a synthetic antimicrobial agent, which is derived from the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. It is sourced through chemical synthesis, wherein the base compound, enrofloxacin, is combined with lactate to enhance its pharmacokinetic properties, particularly solubility and bioavailability. Its mode of action is the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for DNA replication, transcription, and repair in susceptible bacteria. This interference ultimately leads to bacterial cell death, making enrofloxacin lactate a bactericidal agent.</p>

<p>Antineoplastic antibiotic; RNA synthesis inhibitor</p>

<p>Avermectin B1a (&gt;85%) is a macrolide anthelmintic and is used for the treatment of parasitic infections. It enhances the effects of glutamate at the glutamate-gated chloride channels, causing paralysis and death of the parasite</p>

<p>Ceftibuten dihydrate is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and urinary tract infections.</p>

<p>Isochlortetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. It is used for treating bacterial infections in both humans and animals.</p>