Antibiotics

Cefoxitin EP Impurity F is a pharmaceutical reference impurity, which is a derivative of the cefoxitin antibiotic. This impurity arises from the degradation or synthesis processes related to cefoxitin, a semi-synthetic, beta-lactam antibiotic of the cephamycin group. The mode of action of cefoxitin involves interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death.

<p>Cefoperazone free acid is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory, urinary, and skin infections.</p>

Gentamycin sulphate is the salt form of the broad-spectrum antibiotic gentamycin (a.k.a. gentamicin). Gentamycin is active against clinically relevant bacteria, such as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and is used to fight infections from Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Enterobacteriaceae species. Gentamycin is a natural mixture of four congeners, one of which is gentamicin C2a. Gentamycin has been included in biomedical implantable materials, such as, bone grafts, to reduce the risk of infection.

<p>Carbomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces halstedii. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Through this mechanism, carbomycin effectively disrupts the growth and replication of susceptible bacterial strains, making it a potent tool in combating bacterial infections.</p>

<p>Cefditoren acid sodium is an antibacterial agent that belongs to the class of third-generation cephalosporins, which is derived from Acremonium fungus and produced through chemical synthesis. This compound acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. It achieves this by binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. The interruption of peptidoglycan synthesis in the cell wall is crucial for maintaining bacterial cell integrity, and its inhibition results in the bactericidal activity of cefditoren acid sodium. It is effective against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The key applications of this compound include the treatment of bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and other conditions caused by susceptible bacteria. Its spectrum of activity and pharmacokinetic properties make it suitable for situations where third-generation cephalosporins are indicated. Understanding the specific interaction with PBPs and the resistance mechanisms is crucial for optimizing its clinical use and managing antibiotic resistance.</p>

<p>Ampicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes. Ampicillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins in the bacterial cell wall by competitive inhibition. It prevents the formation of an antibiotic-inhibitor complex with the enzyme cell wall synthesis that is required for cell wall biosynthesis, inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division.</p>

<p>Cefatrizine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a semisynthetic cephalosporin derived from cephalosporin C, a natural product originating from the fungus Acremonium chrysogenum. It exerts its mode of action through the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, a critical component for bacterial growth and replication. Specifically, cefatrizine targets and binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, leading to the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. This disruption results in cell lysis and ultimately bacterial cell death.</p>

<p>Amphotericin B is a macrocycle antibiotic with very potent antifungal effects and resistance very rarely occurs. Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal that binds to fungal cell membrane, i.e., ergosterol disrupts the membrane permeability leading to leakage of intracellular components. It is often used as an alternative therapy for leishmaniasis and to treat severe mycoses including: systemic Candida, Cryptococcus, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis.</p>

<p>Anhydrooxytetracycline hydrochloride is a useful research chemical. Buy Anhydrooxytetracycline hydrochloride from Cymit Quimica for a variety of research applications.</p>

Labeled analogue of Chloramphenicol; interferes with protein synthesis

<p>Colistin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic efficient mostly against gram-negative bacteria. Colistin interacts with the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and induces a transfer of divalent cations of calcium and magnesium from the negatively charged phosphate groups. This causes the disruption of the outer membrane and release of lipopolysaccharides. It is commonly used against Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas, and none-fermentative gram-negative bacteria as well as for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains.</p>

<p>Ceftaroline fosamil is an antibacterial agent used to treat various bacterial infections such as pneumonia. Ceftaroline fosamil binds to the ribosomal RNA of bacteria, preventing the formation of proteins necessary for cell division. Ceftaroline fosamil has been shown to be highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and fungi such as Candida species.</p>

<p>Clindamycin-2-phosphate is a lincosamide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating serious bacterial infections like skin and respiratory infections.</p>

Ticarcillin is a member of the beta-lactam family of antibiotics and has bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas strains. Ticarcillin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and blocking transpeptidase. It also has a C-terminal that can inhibit domain I and II beta-lactamases (namely, PEN2). The lactam ring in ticarcillin is cleaved by beta-lactamase, which makes it ineffective, thus ticarcillin is often combined with β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid.

<p>Amicoumacin B is a potent antibiotic, which is isolated from the bacterial species Bacillus pumilus. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, targeting the ribosomal 30S subunit and disrupting translational fidelity in bacterial cells. This interference in protein production leads to the effective elimination of various Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Clindamycin hydrochloride - 94% is an antibiotic that belongs to the lincosamide class of antibiotics, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis. This compound functions predominantly as a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor, exerting its effects by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding action disrupts the process of peptide chain elongation, thereby impeding the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacteria.</p>

<p>Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). It is used to treat many bacteria infections including pneumonia and septicaemia. It has shown to be effective against some treatment-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p>

<p>Cefixime trihydrate is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections like gonorrhea, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections.</p>

<p>Grepafloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is derived from the chemical modification of natural quinolones. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This inhibition disrupts DNA replication and transcription in bacteria, leading to cell death. The high affinity of grepafloxacin for these bacterial enzymes over human analogs makes it an effective antibacterial agent, specifically targeting the bacterial replication machinery.</p>

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of tetracycline class which inhibits protein synthesis by targeting the 30S ribosome subunit. It has been used in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine and agriculture.