Immunology Antibodies

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) protein superfamily and is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) on the surface of myelin sheaths and oligodendrocyte processes. MOG is expressed at the onset of myelination, and therefore is a potential marker for oligodendrocyte maturation.MOG contains an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic loop, a membrane-associated region and a cytoplasmic tail. MOG may function as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule. Fifteen different alternatively spliced isoforms have been detected in humans. These are present either on the cell surface, the endoplasmic reticulum in the endocytic system, or in secreted form.The secreted form of MOG may trigger autoimmunity if released into the cerebrospinal fluid and periphery. MOG is thought to be a key target for autoantibodies and cell-mediated immune responses in inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is therefore widely studied in this field.The MOG (34-56) fragment is in the most potent auto-antigenic region of MOG, and is highly effective at inducing experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model that resembles MS. This peptide has an uncharged C-terminal amide.

C5A is an anaphylatoxin produced along with C5b, by the cleavage of complement C5, a fundamental factor of the complement system pathways.

Nangibotide, also referred as LR12, is an antagonist of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, and was derived from residues 94 to 105 of TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1).TREM-1 plays a crucial role in the onset of sepsis by amplifying the host immune response. TLT-1- and TLT-1-derived peptides therefore exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by dampening TREM-1 signalling.  LR12 blocks TREM-1 by binding to the TREM-1 ligand and provides protective effects during sepsis such as inhibiting hyper-responsiveness, organ damage, and death, without causing deleterious effects. The protective effects of modulating TREM-1 signalling are also evident in other models of inflammation such as: pancreatitis- haemorrhagic shock- inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory arthritis.

The cyclic tridecapeptide Compstatin, binds to and selectively inhibits the interaction between C3 and convertase, hence preventing the formation of C3a and C3b and activation of the complement system. Compstatin has the ability to form β-turns and hydrophobic clusters which are crucial for its inhibitory properties. When binding between C3 MG4 and MG5 domains, located within the MG-ring of the β-chain, Compstatin undergos a conformational change which is believed to prevent C3 from binding to C3 convertase through steric hindrance. Consequently the complement cascade is inhibited.The complement cascade is an important feature of the immune system. C3b, produced from the interaction of C3 and C3 convertase, binds to pathogens and somatic cells and signals for their removal from the body. However the increased activation of the complement system can result in diseases, associated with Alzheimers, strokes, heart attacks and autoimmune diseases. Therefore Compstatin can be used as a therapeutic agent within medicine.

Auto-inducing peptide (AIP) is a cyclic thiolactone quorum sensing peptide from Staphylococcus aureus which is responsible for activating the agr response. AIP is released from the bacteria and its extracellular concentration is then sensed by a two-component system on the bacterial surface, AgrC and AgrA. AgrC is the membrane histidine kinase receptor and AgrA is a response regulator- upon binding of AIP, AgrC phosphorylates AgrA.AIP accumulates during growth activating an AgrC and AgrA cascade when it reaches a critical signal level. This cascade activates P2 and P3 promoters which autoactivate the agr system and upregulate RNAIII transcription. RNAIII regulates the expression of virulence factors including toxins, super-antigens, and exo-enzymes. Extensive research to identify AIP:AgrC inhibitors aims to find therapeutics against pathogens.AgrD is the precursor peptide of AIP, and AgrB is an integral membrane endopeptidase essential to biosynthesize AIP. This AIP system is conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus strains are categorized into four groups (I-IV) according to their AIP signal and cognate extracellular receptor, AgrC.AIP-II has the conserved thiolactone macrocycle of the AIP family. Asn-3, Leu-8, and Phe-9 have been shown to be critical for activation of the agr response while inhibition relies on Leu-8 and Phe-9. The reactive thiol ester bond is only necessary for activation of the agr response. Further work may provide further AIP:AgrC inhibitors.

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Sheep IgG is a purified immunoglobulin that is used in the field of life sciences. It is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets and binds to various proteins, including nuclear antigens and family kinase inhibitors. Sheep IgG has been shown to have cytotoxic effects on cells expressing these antigens, making it a valuable tool for research and diagnostic purposes. Additionally, Sheep IgG has been found to inhibit the activity of growth factors such as TGF-β1, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor, which play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. This antibody can also neutralize superoxide and thrombocytopenia-inducing antibodies, further highlighting its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases. With its high specificity and efficacy, Sheep IgG is an essential component in many scientific studies and experiments.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) protein superfamily and is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system on the surface of myelin sheaths and oligodendrocyte processes. MOG is expressed at the onset of myelination, and therefore is a potential marker for oligodendrocyte maturation.MOG contains an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic loop, a membrane-associated region and a cytoplasmic tail.  MOG may function as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule.  Fifteen different alternatively spliced isoforms have been detected in humans. These are present either on the cell surface, the endoplasmic reticulum in the endocytic system, or in secreted form.The secreted form of MOG may trigger autoimmunity if released into the cerebrospinal fluid and periphery. MOG is thought to be a key target for autoantibodies and cell-mediated immune responses in inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is therefore widely studied in this field.The MOG (35-55) fragment is the most potent auto-antigenic region of MOG, and the most effective at inducing experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model that resembles MS. This peptide has a free carboxylic acid at the C-terminus, an amide version is also available in our catalogue.

Cat IgM is an antigen used in Life Sciences research that specifically reacts with cat immunoglobulin M (IgM). It is commonly used as a primary antibody in various applications, including Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Cat IgM is produced using synthetic peptide mimics of cat IgM epitopes and recombinant allergens. This highly specific antibody can be used to detect the presence of cat IgM in biological samples, such as food extracts or microbiological cultures. Additionally, Cat IgM can serve as an apoptosis inhibitor and has been shown to inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. With its high reactivity and specificity, Cat IgM is an essential tool for researchers studying the immune response in cats and investigating allergenicity.

Purified Mouse IgG2b FITC conjugate

Human IgA1 protein is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a type of immunoglobulin that functions as an antibody, providing protection against pathogens and foreign substances. Human IgA1 protein has multiple characteristics and functions, including stimulating hepatocyte growth, acting as an electrode for cellular signaling, and interacting with androgens, collagens, inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and other binding proteins.

Chicken IgY is a purified immunoglobulin that is derived from chicken serum. It is commonly used in the field of life sciences for various applications, including immunoassays and antibody-based research. Chicken IgY exhibits high specificity and affinity for its target antigens, making it an excellent tool for detecting and quantifying specific antibodies or proteins. This purified immunoglobulin can be conjugated with various labels, such as colloidal gold, to facilitate visualization in assays. Chicken IgY is also known for its neutralizing properties against autoantibodies and chimeric proteins. With its unique structure and amino acid residues, Chicken IgY offers researchers a reliable and versatile tool for studying immune responses in human serum or other biological samples.

Human IgM protein is an antigen that belongs to the family of human monoclonal antibodies. It is a powerful neutralizing agent that can target specific substances in the body and has significant antitumor properties. Human IgM protein is widely used in the field of Life Sciences for research purposes, as well as in clinical settings for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This monoclonal antibody specifically binds to certain antigens, such as gangliosides, which are often expressed on tumor cells. By targeting these antigens, human IgM protein can effectively inhibit tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The purified form of this protein ensures high quality and consistency, making it an ideal choice for various scientific and medical applications.

Purified Mouse IgG2a FITC conjugate

Purified Goat Ig fraction for use as a control or blocking reagent

Purified Hamster IgG (Fab'2)