Heterocycles with Nitrogen (N)

Applications 1-(2,3-Dihydro[2,4'-bibenzo[b]thiophen]-4-yl)-piperazine is a useful synthetic intermediate.

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2-Chloro-4-pyrimidinecarbonitrile is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of phenylpyrimidines. It inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity and cytokine production in cells. 2-Chloro-4-pyrimidinecarbonitrile is used as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorders and other immune dysfunctions. This drug also has anti-inflammatory properties and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. 2CPCN is metabolized by deamination and demethylation, which leads to the formation of nitrite ion, a reactive nitrogen species that can cause DNA damage.

3H-Spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] is a ligand with affinity for melanocortin receptors. It has been shown to bind with low affinity to the melanocortin receptor and act as an agonist. 3H-Spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] has high affinity for benzene, which may be due to its ring system. This ligand also has a penetrable structure that allows it to bind to piperidine binding sites.

Pyrazine is a model system that has been used to investigate the reaction mechanism of pyrazinoic acid, an antimicrobial agent. Pyrazine reacts with water to give pyrazinoic acid and hydrogen gas. Pyrazine is also used as an analytical method for determining the concentration of odorant binding compounds in air and as a model system to study the electrochemical properties of odorant binding. The compound is characterized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and synchronous fluorescence. Pyrazine has been shown to have an adsorption peak at 1780 cm-1 and a Langmuir adsorption isotherm at 10-4 M.

5-Aminopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (5APC) is a structural analog of nicotinic acid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. 5APC inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-17, by inhibiting the activation of NFκB and MAPK pathways. This drug also has significant inhibitory activities against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in experimental models. 5APC is thought to act by interrupting the assembly of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling complexes.

1-(4,4'-Difluorobenzhydry)piperazine (1-DFBP) is a potential antitumor agent that has been shown to inhibit the growth of leukemia cells. It may be an inhibitor of apoptotic cell death, as it has been shown to induce hydrogen bond formation with coumarin derivatives. 1-DFBP has also been shown to have inhibitory activities against leukemia HL-60 cells, and is a competitive inhibitor of cinnarizine. The catalytic mechanism for 1-DFBP is not known, although kinetic data suggest that it involves hydrogen bonding and/or pi stacking interactions.