Silanes

n-Butylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane; N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]butylamine; N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-n-butylamine
Secondary amino functional trialkoxy silaneReacts with isocyanate resins to form urethane moisture cureable systemsUsed in microparticle surface modificationInternal secondary amine coupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsAdvanced cyclic analog available: SIB1932.4

Mono-substituted Silane Reducing Agent
Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.
Trihydridosilane
Silyl Hydrides are a distinct class of silanes that behave and react very differently than conventional silane coupling agents. They react with the liberation of byproduct hydrogen. Silyl hydrides can react with hydroxylic surfaces under both non-catalyzed and catalyzed conditions by a dehydrogenative coupling mechanism. Trihydridosilanes react with a variety of pure metal surfaces including gold, titanium, zirconium and amorphous silicon, by a dissociative adsorption mechanism. The reactions generally take place at room temperature and can be conducted in the vapor phase or with the pure silane or solutions of the silane in aprotic solvents. Deposition should not be conducted in water, alcohol or protic solvents.
n-Octylsilane; 1-Sila-nonane
Fugitive inhibitor of hydrosilylationForms SAMs on titanium, gold and silicon surfacesExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
n-Octadecyltrichlorosilane; OTS; Trichlorosilyloctadecane; Trichlorooctadecylsilane
Contains 5-10% C18 isomersProvides lipophilic surface coatingsEmployed in patterning and printing of electroactive molecular filmsImmobilizes physiologically active cell organellesTreated substrates increase electron transport of pentacene films

3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propanethiol; 3-trimethoxysilyl)propylmercaptan
Sulfur functional trialkoxy silaneγc of treated surfaces: 41 mN/mViscosity: 2 cStSpecific wetting surface: 348 m2/gCoupling agent for ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM, and mechanical rubber applicationsAdhesion promoter for polysulfide adhesivesFor enzyme immobilizationTreatment of mesoporous silica yields highly efficient heavy metal scavengerCouples fluorescent biological tags to semiconductor CdS nanoparticlesModified mesoporous silica supports Pd in coupling reactionsUsed to make thiol-organosilica nanoparticlesForms modified glass and silica surfaces suitable for successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) fabrication of CdS thin films

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Cyclohexyltrichlorosilane; Trichlorosilylcyclohexane; trichloro(cyclohexyl)silane; Trichlorosilylcyclohexane
Intermediate for melt-processable silsesquioxane-siloxanesEmployed in solid-phase extraction columns

N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole; 3-(2-imidazolin-1-yl)propyltriethoxysilane; IMEO; 4,5-dihydro-1-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-1H-imidazole; 4,5-dihydroimidazolepropyltriethoxysilane
Specialty amine functional trialkoxy silaneViscosity: 5 cStCoupling agent for elevated temperature-cure epoxiesUtilized in HPLC of metal chelatesForms proton vacancy conducting polymers with sulfonamides by sol-gelLigand for molecular imprinting of silica with chymotrypsin transition state analog

Arylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent
The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile.
Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding
Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.
Diphenyldimethoxysilane; Dimethoxydiphenylsilane
Viscosity, 25°C: 8.4 cStAlternative to phenyltrimethoxysilane for the cross-coupling of a phenyl groupIntermediate for high temperature silicone resinsDialkoxy silane

Acrylate Functional Trialkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
Acryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane
Coupling agent for UV curable systemsComonomer for ormosilsUsed in microparticle surface modificationComonomer for free-radical polymerizaitonInhibited with MEHQ

Methacrylate Functional Trialkoxy Silane
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.
Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, MEMO
Viscosity: 2 cStSpecific wetting surface: 314 m2/gCopolymerization parameters-e, Q: 0.07, 2.7Coupling agent for radical cure polymer systems and UV cure systemsWidely used in unsaturated polyester-fiberglass compositesCopolymerized with styrene in formation of sol-gel compositesAnalog of (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (SIA0200.0)Used in microparticle surface modification and dental polymer compositesSlower hydrolysis rate than methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane (SIM6483.0)Comonomer for free-radical polymerizaitonDetermined by TGA a 25% weight loss of dried hydrolysates at 395°Inhibited with MEHQ, HQ

Bridging Silicon-Based Blocking Agent
Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.
Di-tert-butylsilylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonate); Di-t-butylsilylbis(triflate); DTBS
More reactive than SID3205.0Converts 1,3-diols to cyclic protected 1,3-diolsReacts with 1,3-diols in preference to 1,2-diolsSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure