Building Blocks

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Ammonium hydroxide reacts with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of a catalyst to produce 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbonitrile. The reaction is catalyzed by copper and zinc oxide at high temperature, and the product is obtained as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. The yield of the reaction can be increased by using an excess of ammonia as the nitrogen source. Kinetic experiments have shown that the rate determining step for this reaction is hydration. Furfural oxidation takes place in aerobic conditions in the presence of a refluxing solution of ammonium chloride.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3-Bromo-4-iodopyridine is a molecule that regulates the positioning of molecules. It has two different isomers, which have different conformational and intramolecular hydrogen bonding properties. 3-Bromo-4-iodopyridine is synthesized by reacting 3-bromopyridine with iodine monochloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This reaction produces a mixture of the two isomers, which can be separated using fractional crystallization or chromatography. 3-Bromo-4-iodopyridine has been shown to stabilize low efficiency solar cells.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-3-iodopyridine is a heterocyclic compound that has been used in the synthesis of tripeptides. 4-Chloro-3-iodopyridine can be synthesized by the cross-coupling of an unsymmetrical quinoline derivative and an iodide. This reaction is catalyzed by copper and produces a mixture of regioisomers. The isolated yield obtained from this synthesis was low, with only 3% being the desired product. The synthesis of 4-chloro-3-iodopyridine was also shown to have high yields when using anthracene as a starting material and halopyridines as coupling partners.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carbohydrazide (MTZ) is a crystalline solid that has been shown to be stable in water and other polar solvents. It has been used as a precursor for the synthesis of sulfonyl chloride compounds. MTZ can be prepared by reacting benzenesulfonyl chloride with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate. This reaction results in an intermolecular S2 substitution on the benzene ring, which is stabilized by hydrogen bonding. MTZ reacts with Cl and Br to form chlorides and bromides respectively.</p>

<p>4-Amino-6-methylpyrimidine-2-thiole is a macrocyclic, polyhedra ligand that interacts with the extracellular domain of lipase. It has been shown to be bacteriostatic against Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria. 4-Amino-6-methylpyrimidine-2-thiole can bind to the active site of the lipase and inhibit its function by preventing the release of fatty acids from chylomicrons and triglycerides. This drug also inhibits bacterial growth by binding to nucleobases, which are essential for DNA synthesis and transcription.</p>

<p>5,6-Dichloropyridazin-4-amine is an aminopyridazine that has been synthesized and studied as a potential therapeutic agent. It is a quinone with an azide group. The synthesis of 5,6-dichloropyridazin-4-amine can be achieved by reacting pyridazine with sulfuric acid, followed by the addition of chlorine and then ammonia. This reaction produces a mixture of the desired product, 5,6-dichloropyridazin-4-amine and other products such as 5,6-dichloroquinoxaline. This compound has shown to have antihypertensive activity in rats and may also have some medicinal properties due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of betaines.</p>

<p>2-Sulfanyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid is a receptor binding compound that has been shown to bind to the prostaglandin E4 (EP4) receptor. This compound is an analog of prostaglandin F2α and has been shown to inhibit the binding of subtype EP4 receptors in a receptor binding assay. The structure activity relationship (SAR) of 2-sulfanyl-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid has been evaluated and optimized for maximum binding affinity with the EP4 receptor. These changes were found to be most effective in lowering blood pressure in rats.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(4-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile is an organic compound that contains a cyano group, which is a functional group consisting of three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. This molecule has an indole ring system with two hydrogen bonds. The acetonitrile chain is four carbons long, while the cyano group is only one carbon long.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)aniline is a protonated form of fentanyl that interacts with the opioid receptors in the body. It is used as an analgesic, but also has a high risk for abuse and addiction. The drug is not considered to be a controlled substance according to the Controlled Substances Act. 3-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)aniline is a synthetic compound that does not have any major side effects other than respiratory depression, which can be reversed with naloxone. This drug has been found to have long lasting effects, making it suitable for chronic pain management. 3-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)aniline binds to the endocyclic nitrogen atom on the phenyl ring of fentanyl and causes ionization in water, which may lead to its long lasting effects. 3-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)aniline can be administered</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide is a potent and selective activator of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) which is involved in the regulation of gene transcription. 1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide has been shown to be cytotoxic, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro. 1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide also induces the expression of hormone receptors such as the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR).</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Chloro-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine is a nucleophilic pyrimidine compound that reacts with nucleophiles to form four different products. This product preferentially reacts with the pyridazine ring, forming 4-chloro-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridazine. It also reacts with the chloro group and forms 6-chloropyrimidine. Reaction with methylsulfonyl group yields 6-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine, while reaction with the pyrimidine ring yields 4-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>5-Methoxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-acetonitrile is an analog of β-unsaturated ketones and has been synthesized from phenylmagnesium bromide, amido acid, and α-(chloromethyl)benzene. The reaction was stereoselective with the formation of a single diastereomer. 5-Methoxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-acetonitrile is a chiral compound with two asymmetric carbon atoms. The synthesis of this compound was efficient, requiring only four steps to complete the entire process.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>5,7-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline is a crystalline organic solvent that is used industrially as a precursor to the benzyl group in organic synthesis. It can be used to synthesize lifitegrast through catalytic elimination of butyl lithium. 5,7-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline has two crystalline polymorphs: form I and form II. Form I has a melting point of 191°C and form II has a melting point of 190°C. The industrial scale production of 5,7-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline is typically achieved by hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compound.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(Thiazol-2-yl)ethanol is a molecule that belongs to the class of thiazolines. It has been shown to have a physiological effect on probiotic bacteria and is used as a prebiotic. 2-(Thiazol-2-yl)ethanol can be synthesized by coupling the corresponding acid chloride with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. This molecule is being investigated for its potential use as a therapeutic agent against infectious diseases, such as colitis. 2-(Thiazol-2-yl)ethanol also affects enzyme activities, regulatory proteins, and transcriptional regulation in model systems. This molecule may play a role in energy metabolism and protein synthesis through its interaction with enzymes, regulatory proteins, or transcriptional regulators.</p>

<p>5-Formylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid is an inhibitor of the cycloaddition reaction between azomethine and enamines. It has been shown to be diastereoselective, inhibiting the formation of the undesired enantiomer. The synthesis and characterization of this compound has been used in process research for drug discovery.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>9-Bromo-1-nonene is a hydroxy group, halide, and solute. It has been shown to undergo reductive elimination with cyclodehydration to form 9-bromononane. 9-Bromo-1-nonene has also been used as an actuator in phase liquid chromatography (also called high performance liquid chromatography). It is stereoselective and exhibits inhibitory activities against anomala, glycosidases, and magnetic particles. This compound is also soluble in diethyl ether.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>7-benzyl-3-thia-7-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one (7BAN) is a compound that has been shown to have antiarrhythmic effects in animal models. The conformational stability of 7BAN has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction data, and the conformers have been determined by conformational analysis. The conformation of this drug is stabilized by the benzyl group and the azabicyclo group, which are responsible for its antiarrhythmic activity.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Iodo-4-nitrobenzoic acid is a synthetic heterocyclic compound with the molecular formula C6H3INO2Cl. It has a picric pharmacophore, which is a structural motif that consists of a trifluoromethyl group and two nitro groups. 2-Iodo-4-nitrobenzoic acid is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid. It can be synthesized by reacting diphenylmethane with sodium hydroxide solution and then adding hydrochloric acid to the resultant solution. The chemical structure of 2-iodo-4-nitrobenzoic acid appears as an orange crystalline solid in its pure form, but it has not been observed to have any biological activity. The chemical shifts for the methyl protons are between 1.5 and 4 ppm, and the chemical shifts for the hydrogen protons are between 2 and 4 ppm in its nmr spectra.</p>

<p>Pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of heterocyclic compounds. It can be synthesized by reacting 3-hydrazinopyridine with pyridine in a process that involves elemental analysis and spectral analysis. This compound has been shown to react with metal ions and form a ligand complex. Pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide also has electronic spectra when it reacts with acids and bases, which are related to its formation constants. The parameters of this chemical are given below:</p>

<p>5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-pyrrolidinedione is the common name for a photochemical reaction that produces the anion of a substituted pyrrole. The reaction starts with a ketone or an aldehyde and two molecules of formaldehyde. This reaction is usually carried out in the presence of light. The efficiency of this process depends on the substituents on the molecule. In some cases, n-substituted pyrroles are more efficient than n-acetylated or n-alkylated pyrroles. If all three substituents are hydrogens, then the reactivity diminishes. 5,5-Dimethyl-2,4-pyrrolidinedione has been used as a precursor to produce 1-(1H)indolium salts and other compounds with antiinflammatory properties by alkylation or methoxycarbonylation reactions.</p>

<p>1-Ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1EPC) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of cancer, including lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma. 1EPC inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the production of ATP in hypoxic regions of the tumor cell, thereby causing a dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect. This drug also has anticancer effects against fibroblast cells and carcinoma cells, as well as inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>6-Bromo-5-methylpyridin-2-amine is an imidazopyridine drug that has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains in vitro. It also binds to the electron density, which may be due to its heteroaromatic ring and ionization potential. 6BMPA is synthesized by reacting 2-chloro-6-bromopyridine with 5-methylpyridinium iodide. For the synthesis of a monomer, 6BMPA is reacted with a second molecule of 5-methylpyridinium iodide, yielding the imidazopyrazine as a product. Drug discovery for this compound has been shown to be promising in animal models.</p>