Building Blocks

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Hydroxyphenylbenzamide is a metabolite of biphenyl and an estrogen receptor modulator. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. 4-Hydroxyphenylbenzamide binds to the estrogen receptors and inhibits the negative feedback on the hypothalamus, which leads to increased levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. This results in vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. The drug also has effects on bone metabolism by increasing bone resorption and decreasing bone formation. 4-Hydroxyphenylbenzamide is metabolized in the liver by glucuronidation conjugates, which are excreted in feces or eliminated through urine.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-2,6-diiodophenol is a disinfectant that belongs to the family of phenolic compounds. It is used as a water purifier and has been shown to be effective against Diptera, Culicidae and Trichoptera, although it is not effective against other insects. 4-Chloro-2,6-diiodophenol reacts with chlorine to form chloral hydrate, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of trichloroacetic acid. This reaction rate has been shown to increase with population density. The effectiveness of 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol as a disinfectant has been found to be dependent on the concentration of chlorine in the water.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Methoxy-1-butanol is a hydroxy group with a primary alcohol that is often used in the oxidation of epoxides. The cavity of 2-methoxy-1-butanol forms hydrogen bonds with the epoxide ring, which allows for an epoxide to be cleaved by the ring opening. This process requires an acid catalyst and has an activation energy of 170 kJ/mol. The reaction rate is 5.0 x 10^6 M/sec and the reaction mechanism is proposed to be as follows: first, phosphotungstic acid reacts with water to form phosphotungstate ion; second, phosphotungstate ion reacts with butanol to produce hydroxyl group.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Nitrobutanamide is an aliphatic aldehyde that is used as a reagent in the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. 4-Nitrobutanamide can be synthesized by the reaction of ammonium carbonate with aliphatic aldehydes and quinoxaline. The mechanism for this reaction has been elucidated through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This compound is also used in the synthesis of activated ammonium amides.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one is a putrefactive compound that has been detected in the breath of pneumoniae and escherichia coli patients. It is also present in the urine of porcine, where it can be used as a biomarker for bacterial infection. The detection of 2-hydroxy-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one was found to be detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and monitoring with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The compound has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Oxo-1H-quinoline-4-carbaldehyde is a synthetic compound that was synthesized by modifying the experimental method. Single crystals of this compound were obtained by x-ray analysis and x-ray diffraction. The infrared spectrum and mass spectrum of this compound showed it to be a single molecule composed of two identical molecules. 2-Oxo-1H-quinoline-4-carbaldehyde has been found to have transforming properties, which can be used for the synthesis of other compounds. Experimental methods have been developed to optimize the production of this substance and analyze its physical properties.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>N-Cyclohexylpyridin-2-amine is a cyclic amine that has two cyclohexane rings with a nitrogen atom in the center. This compound is a dimer, which means it has two identical molecules bonded together. The hydrogen bond between the molecules causes them to have different geometries than expected. The catalytic activity of this compound is dependent on the nature and steric interactions of the macrocycles. Spectroscopies can be used to determine the molecular structure and confirm its dimeric form. X-ray crystal structures show that N-Cyclohexylpyridin-2-amine forms a macrocycle with one molecule bound to another in a head-to-tail orientation. Ligands are compounds that bind to metal ions, such as magnesium, zinc, or iron.</p>

<p>N-(Propan-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine is a ligand that binds to metal ions via the chloride, n-oxide and bidentate ligands. It is used in coordination chemistry as a precursor for the preparation of complexes with metals. In electron spin resonance spectroscopy it has been used as an anion for the determination of chloride and nitrate content in water. The damaged and halogenated forms of this compound are useful in the synthesis of other compounds, such as nerve agents.</p>

<p>2,2'-(Octylazanediyl)diethanol is a boron-containing chemical that is used to extract uranium from its ores. It is an effective complexing agent for the extraction of uranium from its ores. This chemical has been shown to be able to extract uranium from ores with a concentration of up to 0.15%. The extraction process takes place in acidic containers and is optimized by varying the reaction time and diethanolamine concentration. 2,2'-(Octylazanediyl)diethanol also inhibits ATPase activity in bacteria, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the transport function in these organisms.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Cyclohexyl-2-methoxyacetic acid (CHMA) is a spectroscopic reagent. The 13C NMR spectrum of CHMA shows the presence of two carbonyl groups, one methylene and one methoxymethylene group. The compound can be derivatized to produce an aldehyde or ester.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Amino-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid is an equilibrating agent that has been used to study the interaction and kinetics of hydrogen bonds. It is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 164.2 g/mol and a melting point of 127 °C. The kinetic method has been used to study the equilibration between its two forms: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA). This equilibrium can be described by the equation DHB + HBA ⇌ DHB + HBA, where the equilibrium constant is K = [DHB][HBA]/[DHB][HBA]. The kinetic method was also applied to study the reaction between 2-amino-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid and methyl derivatives of olefins. In this case, the kinetic method was used to determine</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-(Hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one is an activated form of oxazolidinones that can react with potassium ions to form a stable, water soluble salt. This reaction is catalyzed by lanthanum ion and the reaction mechanism involves the formation of fatty acid esters. It has been found to be effective in the synthesis of methyl palmitate, which is a fatty acid that can be used as a raw material for biodiesel production. The reaction intermediates are dehydrating and constant, and the metal ion is lanthanum. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one has impurities such as adiponitrile, acidic impurities, and stereoselective impurities.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid is a phenolic compound that can be found in the urine of people suffering from alcaptonuria. This disease is caused by the accumulation of homogentisic acid in the body and results in abnormalities such as neural tube defects. 2-(2,6-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid is formed during the conversion of resorcinol to dihydroxybenzene by demethylation. It also has low yields when synthesized from methyl ester and benzene, which makes it difficult to produce synthetically.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Hydroxyphenyl-2-oxoacetic acid (HPPAA) is a pharmaceutical preparation used to treat insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It has been shown to increase the activity of mitochondrial enzymes, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, and increase the oxidation of fatty acids. HPPAA has also been shown to reduce carnitine levels in muscle tissue, which may contribute to its anti-obesity effects. HPPAA is an analytical method for detecting insulin resistance in Sprague-Dawley rats. This method is based on UV absorption at 280 nm and can be used with other analytical methods such as gas chromatography or liquid chromatography.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3-Nitropyridin-4(1H)-one is an organic solvent that has a number of industrial applications. It is used as a raw material for the production of other chemicals and as a cleaning agent in wastewater treatment plants. 3-Nitropyridin-4(1H)-one is also used in the synthesis of amines and nitro compounds. This compound is found in high concentrations in urban air due to its use as a solvent and its presence as a contaminant in carbon tetrachloride. The sublimed form of 3-nitropyridin-4(1H)-one has been shown to react with primary amines, amines, and tautomeric compounds, leading to the formation of nitro compounds or chloride ions. The nmr spectra show that this compound interacts with low energy radiation.</p>

<p>2-Hydroxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoic acid is a polychromatic compound that has been used as an x-ray contrast agent. It has been shown to be useful in imaging techniques such as diffraction, x-ray, and electron microscopy. 2-Hydroxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoic acid is also used in the study of human genome structure and function. This molecule has been found to bind to DNA in the nucleus, which is believed to help with its ability to transport electrons along DNA molecules. 2-Hydroxy-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoic acid has been shown to have anticancer properties and has also been found useful for tissue imaging.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Triphenylphosphoranylidene)ketene is an amine-containing compound that is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. It can be used in reactions involving the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds and has been shown to oxidize alcohols, ethers, and esters. Triphenylphosphoranylidene)ketene was first synthesized in 1887 by the reaction of triphenylphosphine with ethylene dione.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Quinazolone is a quinazoline derivative with a 2-amino-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one moiety. It is an inhibitor of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of alkenes and alkynes, such as malonate decarboxylase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. Quinazolones are also used in pharmaceuticals, mainly as anticonvulsants or antipsychotics. The quinazolone group is obtained by condensation of cyanamide with diethyl malonate or ethyl malonate. The resulting quinazoline can be converted to the corresponding quinazolone by replacement of the amino group with an amine. This reaction is called the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Quinazolones can also be synthesized from aralkyl chlorides by treatment with phenylurea followed by hydrolysis</p>

<p>2-(2-Fluorophenoxymethyl)oxirane is an organic compound that has been used as a diagnostic agent for the detection of Staphylococcus. It reacts with 2-amino-3-ketobutyric acid, which is the end product of bacterial metabolism and can be detected by gas chromatography. The sensitivity of this assay is approximately 10 CFU/mL. This compound has also been used as a probe for the study of bacterial metabolites in aerogenes cultures. In addition, it has been utilized as a sensor for bacterial growth in supernatants from subtilis bacteria cultures. 2-(2-Fluorophenoxymethyl)oxirane is not active against resistant strains of bacteria such as enterobacter and epidermidis species.</p>

<p>2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline is a phthalocyanine that has been shown to be reduced by electrochemical reactions. 2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline has been shown to have redox properties in the cyclic voltammetry and square reduction process. This compound can be characterized using spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Mass spectroscopy is used to identify the molecular weight of the compound. The elemental composition of 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline is C 8 H 8 N 4 O 3 . It can be synthesized from phthalonitrile and formaldehyde with a chemical reaction that yields an elemental composition of C 6 H 6 + C 8 H 8 N 4 O 3 .</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>6-Chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline is a vasorelaxant that blocks potassium channels in the cell membrane. 6CHMQ has been shown to inhibit calcium and potassium channels, which are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. It also inhibits glibenclamide binding to pancreatic beta cells, which is an action that contributes to the anti-diabetic effects of this drug. 6CHMQ has been shown to block voltage gated potassium channels and may have a role in regulating blood pressure by inhibiting the release of norepinephrine.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylquinoline is a heterocyclic compound that belongs to the quinone class of compounds. It is used as a dye in plastics and textiles, but it has also been shown to have antibacterial properties. The chemical reacts with copper ions in solution to produce hydroxyl radicals, which react with other molecules in the solution to produce reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. These reactive oxygen species attack bacterial cells and cause cell death. 4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylquinoline can be saponified by alkali to form 4-hydroxyquinoline, which is an analgesic drug that has been shown to have antiinflammatory activities.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-(tert-Butyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole is a catalyst that is used in carbonyl, heteroaryl and heteroaromatic arylation reactions. 4-(tert-Butyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole has been shown to produce high yields of product and to be an effective catalyst for arylation reactions.</p>

<p>2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-methylpentane-2,4-diol is an analog of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methylpentane that has been shown to be a CB2 receptor agonist, which may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The structure of this compound is similar to that of the natural ligand for the CB2 receptor, 2-(6′-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol). This compound has also been shown to act as an agonist for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and as a sodium citrate synthase inhibitor. This molecule can be synthesized from two molecules of acetone with a chiral catalyst by using asymmetric synthesis.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobenzidine (TCB) is a diacid that has been shown to have thermal expansion properties. TCB is also hydrophobic and exhibits a fatty acid-like structure. This compound has been used in the synthesis of several other compounds such as alicyclic amides, birefringent dyes, and polarizers. TCB has also been used in the production of polymer films for optical purposes such as hydrochloric acid particle size analysis.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>3-Methyl-4-heptanone is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria. It is a reactive molecule and can form various products during the reaction with other molecules. 3-Methyl-4-heptanone has been found to be effective against Staphylococcus, Songaricum, and other genera of bacteria. 3-Methyl-4-heptanone is a fatty acid that possesses a primary alcohol group and one or more oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) or alkoxy (-OCH3). 3-Methyl-4-heptanone also possesses 16 carbon atoms, which are arranged in three rings.</p>

<p>2-Phenylamino-propionic acid is an analogue of acrylic acid with two methyl groups on the terminal carbon. It is a colorless liquid that can be synthesized by the reaction of acrylic acid with sodium amide in the presence of benzene. 2-Phenylamino-propionic acid has been shown to undergo homogeneous and cyclic reactions, as well as elimination and monoxide reactions. The experimental value obtained for its rate constant, k, was found to be 1.6 × 10^6 L/mol*s using acrylic acid as a substrate. This product may also be used as a catalyst for radical reactions or in catalytic pyrolysis reactions.</p>

<p>Prop-2-en-1-yl 2-methylpropanoate is a hydrocarbon with two hydroxyl groups. It is a reactive, functional group that is monosubstituted by fluorine atoms. The carboxylate group of prop-2-en-1-yl 2-methylpropanoate has a divalent hydrocarbon structure and contains one reactive, functional group. Prop-2-en-1-yl 2-methylpropanoate can be found as bound form in endophytic fungi and in the leaves of plants. It can also be found as an unbound form in organic solvents and fatty acids.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4-Methoxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid is a compound that contains a phenyl ring with two substituents, one of which is a methoxy group. It has been shown to regenerate primary alcohols from the corresponding hydroxyaldehyde under mild conditions. 4-Methoxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid also reacts with aldehydes to form an oxime and an acetal in the presence of base. The functional theory proposes that the molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals and may be used to explain reactions such as these. The neurotoxic effect of 4-methoxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid has been observed in rats after intraperitoneal injection. This compound also has been shown to catalyze the formation of bidentate ligands and chelate ligands.</p>

<p>6-Methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid is a chromophore that is found in the molecule isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an antibacterial agent that has been shown to inhibit bacterial biosynthesis and growth. 6-Methylquinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid may also have potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment due to its ability to bind to DNA and inhibit RNA synthesis. This drug is synthesized by the condensation of quinoline derivatives with carboxylic acids, followed by reduction of the resulting imine with sodium dithionite. The product can be purified using high performance liquid chromatography, incubated with magnetic particles, and desorbed from the beads using protonation.</p>

<p>8-Nitroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid is a spectrometric, inorganic compound that is structurally modified to have an electron-donating group. Modifications on the nitrogen atoms of 8-Nitroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid allow for long-term treatment. It is also used as a fluorophore and has shown to interact with metal ions and form an inorganic complex. 8-Nitroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid can be used for the detection of metal ions by mass spectrometry and microscopy. This compound has been shown to be effective in preventing nitrosamine formation and in the prevention of cancer cells from proliferating.</p>

<p>1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol is a ligand that binds to transition metal ions. It has been shown to bind to a variety of metals, including Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), and Ni(II). 1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol is also able to coordinate with glucokinase activators, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), which can lead to an increase in the activity of this enzyme.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine is an optical isomer of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine. It contains a pyrazinyl group that has a nitrogen atom in the alpha position and a thiophenyl group that has a single bond to the alpha carbon. This compound is used as a diagnostic agent for Alzheimer's disease because it can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with this disorder. The enantiomers are racemic mixtures and are typically not separated during chemical synthesis.</p>

<p>2-(1H-Pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrrole is a chloride salt that inhibits the growth of tuberculosis by inhibiting the replication of bacterial DNA. It has also been shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. 2-(1H-Pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-1H-pyrrole is insoluble in water, so it can be dissolved in organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or chloroform. The solubility of this compound may be due to its ability to exist as a tautomeric pair. The geometric isomers of this compound are also possible due to its chiral center.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>6-(Chloromethyl)phenanthridine is a fatty acid that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. It has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of humans and animals with musculoskeletal disorders. 6-(Chloromethyl)phenanthridine is soluble in deionized water and hydroxide solution, but insoluble in ethanol and acetone. This compound can be used as an ingredient in detergent compositions for use on clothes. It can also be used as a microcapsule coating material or as an acid catalyst in the production of soybean extract.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2,3-Dihydro-5-hydroxybenzo[b]furan (2,3-DHBF) is a molecule that has been shown to have synergistic interaction with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This compound has also been found to inhibit the peroxidase-like activity and lipolytic enzymes of these cells. 2,3-DHBF may act as an antiinflammatory agent by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators. It also has antioxidant properties due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and protect against lipid peroxidation. The compound is soluble in organic solvents and can be synthesized from sulfonic acids and selenium compounds. 2,3-DHBF has also been found to have cytotoxic effects on heart tissue in rats.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Methyl 4'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylate is a liquid crystal with a molecular weight of 244.3 g/mol. It is synthesized from benzaldehyde and 4-bromobenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium carbonate in methanol at reflux temperature. The compound crystallizes as an asymmetric carbon atom with a biphenyl skeleton. It has been shown to be soluble in chloroform and benzene, but not in ether or acetone. The compound exhibits ferroelectric properties and has been used for the synthesis of dendrimers and supramolecular structures.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>